52. Planning Model of Optimal Modal-Mix in Intercity Passenger Transportation

Environmentally sustainable transportation becomes an important issue as well for intercity passenger transportation, where modal shifting from energy consuming airline and bus service to energy efficient high speed railway is the most feasible measure. But due to the less flexibility and fixed to locations of railway improvements, strategic redistribution of network-wide demand onto the improving rail lines is required (Okumura and Tsukal 2007). This paper presents an optimal modal-mix planning model in intercity passenger transportation, which aims to design a modal mix network of least CO₂ emissions and less total travel time, as well as less intermediate transfer cost, considering feasibility and economical sustainability of the service frequency. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model, which can be numerically solved by general solver programs.