1 Introduction
2 Limits to journey transfer from cars to other modes
2.1 Time budget limits
2.2 Constraints from the activities circuit
3 Methodology for calculation of journey transfer potential
3.1 Transfer quantification according to travel distance
3.2 Time-related transfer assessment
3.3 Modelling alternative modal options
4 Potential for reducing car trips in urban areas: the case of Madrid
4.1 Madrid mobility patterns
4.2 Application of the proposed methodology in the Madrid Metropolitan Area
4.2.1 Transfer limits
4.2.2 Madrid modelling process
4.3 Quantification of the potential for transferring car trips to more sustainable modes
Daily trips | % over total car trips | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Trips to transfer to walking | tcar ≥ twalking | 31,050 | 17.2 | Trips within the CBD |
Fulfil requirements for walking | 16,197 | 9.0 | ||
Trips to transfer to cycling | tcar ≥ tcycling | 44,907 | 21.9 | Trips within Madrid city limits |
Fulfil requirements for cycling | 23,928 | 11.5 | ||
Trips to transfer to PT | tcar ≥ tPT | 128,222 | 13.6 | Trips within metropolitan area |
TOTAL | 168,347 | 18.0 |
Zone | Walking | Cycling | Public transport | Total Transferable | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
trips | km | trips | km | trips | km | trips | km | |
Within the CBD | 16,197 | 14,052 | 18,848 | 50,330 | 29,801 | 180,769 | 64,846 | 245,151 |
Within Madrid city limits | 5,080 | 14,503 | 90,868 | 826,432 | 95,948 | 840,935 | ||
Within metropolitan area | 7,553 | 141,182 | 7,553 | 141,182 | ||||
TOTAL | 16,197 | 14,052 | 23,928 | 64,833 | 128,222 | 1,148,383 | 168,347 | 1,227,268 |