Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Quantum Information Processing
Published in: Quantum Information Processing 11/2018

01-11-2018

Practical aspects of terahertz wireless quantum key distribution in indoor environments

Authors: Xiao Liu, Changhua Zhu, Nan Chen, Changxing Pei

Published in: Quantum Information Processing | Issue 11/2018

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We discuss the feasibility of continuous-variable wireless quantum key distribution (WQKD) with thermal Gaussian states in terahertz (THz) band. We rigorously analyze the secret key rate of practical WQKD system using direct reconciliation and homodyne detection against collective Gaussian attacks. The results show that in the case of low-gain antenna, the free space loss is the dominant limiting factor of secure transmission distance of THz WQKD system. When the antenna diameter increases from 1 to 5 cm, we can get the maximum security distance and its corresponding optimal frequency in the range of 0.1–1 THz. We also obtain that a security distance of 1.95 m can be achieved when using a 5-cm diameter antenna and controlling the excess noise below 0.25 simultaneously. Specifically, we study the finite size effects and show that the transmission distance can reach 78 cm with a 5-cm diameter antenna at the frequency of 300 GHz. This work takes an important step toward short distance wireless QKD system.
previous article Quantum key distribution with quantum walks
next article Decoy-state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with the single-photon-added coherent source

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Bennet, C.H.: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer, System and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India, 10–12 Dec 1984 (1984)
2.
3.
Grosshans, F., Grangier, P.: Continuous variable quantum cryptography using coherent states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88(5), 057,902 (2002)
4.
Scarani, V., Bechmann-Pasquinucci, H., Cerf, N.J., Dušek, M., Lütkenhaus, N., Peev, M.: The security of practical quantum key distribution. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(3), 1301 (2009)ADSCrossRef
5.
Weedbrook, C., Pirandola, S., García-Patrón, R., Cerf, N.J., Ralph, T.C., Shapiro, J.H., Lloyd, S.: Gaussian quantum information. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84(2), 621 (2012)ADSCrossRef
6.
Korzh, B., Lim, C.C.W., Houlmann, R., Gisin, N., Li, M.J., Nolan, D., Sanguinetti, B., Thew, R., Zbinden, H.: Provably secure and practical quantum key distribution over 307 km of optical fibre. Nat. Photonics 9(3), 163 (2015)ADSCrossRef
7.
Schmitt-Manderbach, T., Weier, H., Fürst, M., Ursin, R., Tiefenbacher, F., Scheidl, T., Perdigues, J., Sodnik, Z., Kurtsiefer, C., Rarity, J.G.: Experimental demonstration of free-space decoy-state quantum key distribution over 144 km. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(1), 010,504 (2007)
8.
Liao, S.K., Cai, W.Q., Liu, W.Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Ren, J.G., Yin, J., Shen, Q., Cao, Y., Li, Z.P., et al.: Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution. Nature 549(7670), 43 (2017)ADSCrossRef
9.
Elser, D., Bartley, T., Heim, B., Wittmann, C., Sych, D., Leuchs, G.: Feasibility of free space quantum key distribution with coherent polarization states. New J. Phys. 11(4), 045,014 (2009)ADSCrossRef
10.
Qu, Z., Djordjevic, I.B.: Four-dimensionally multiplexed eight-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution over turbulent channels. IEEE Photonics J. 9(6), 1–8 (2017)CrossRef
11.
Elmabrok, O., Razavi, M.: Feasibility of wireless quantum key distribution in indoor environments. In: 2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1–2. IEEE (2015)
12.
Elmabrok, O., Razavi, M.: Wireless quantum key distribution in indoor environments. JOSA B 35(2), 197–207 (2018)ADSCrossRef
13.
Weedbrook, C., Pirandola, S., Lloyd, S., Ralph, T.C.: Quantum cryptography approaching the classical limit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(11), 110,501 (2010)
14.
Garcia-Patron, R.: Quantum information with optical continuous variables: from bell tests to key distribution. Ph.D dissertation, Université Libre de Bruxelles (2008)
15.
Grosshans, F., Van Assche, G., Wenger, J., Brouri, R., Cerf, N.J., Grangier, P.: Quantum key distribution using gaussian-modulated coherent states. Nature 421(6920), 238 (2003)ADSCrossRef
16.
Weedbrook, C., Pirandola, S., Ralph, T.C.: Continuous-variable quantum key distribution using thermal states. Phys. Rev. A 86(2), 022,318 (2012)
17.
Weedbrook, C., Ottaviani, C., Pirandola, S.: Two-way quantum cryptography at different wavelengths. Phys. Rev. A 89(1), 012,309 (2014)
18.
Weedbrook, C., Lance, A.M., Bowen, W.P., Symul, T., Ralph, T.C., Lam, P.K.: Quantum cryptography without switching. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(17), 170504 (2004)ADSCrossRef
19.
Renner, R.: Security of quantum key distribution. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 6(01), 1–127 (2008)CrossRef
20.
Grosshans, F., Cerf, N.J., Wenger, J., Tualle-Brouri, R., Grangier, P.: Virtual entanglement and reconciliation protocols for quantum cryptography with continuous variables. Quantum Inf. Comput. 3(7), 535–552 (2003)MathSciNetMATH
21.
Nielsen, M.A., Chuang, I.L.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University, Cambridge/New York (2000)MATH
22.
Wolf, M.M., Giedke, G., Cirac, J.I.: Extremality of gaussian quantum states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(8), 080,502 (2006)
23.
García-Patrón, R., Cerf, N.J.: Unconditional optimality of gaussian attacks against continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(19), 190,503 (2006)
24.
Leverrier, A., Grangier, P.: Simple proof that gaussian attacks are optimal among collective attacks against continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a gaussian modulation. Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 062,314 (2010)
25.
Wang, R., Yao, J., Xu, D., Wang, J., Wang, P.: The physical theory and propagation model of thz atmospheric propagation. In: Journal of Physics Conference Series, vol. 276 (2011)
26.
Siegel, P.H.: Terahertz technology. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 50(3), 910–928 (2002)ADSCrossRef
27.
Hosako, I., Sekine, N., Patrashin, M., Saito, S., Fukunaga, K., Kasai, Y., Baron, P., Seta, T., Mendrok, J., Ochiai, S.: At the dawn of a new era in terahertz technology. Proc. IEEE 95(8), 1611–1623 (2007)CrossRef
28.
Cetnar, J.S.: Atmospheric effects on the propagation of mmw and sub-mmw radiation. Ph.D. thesis, Wright State University (2010)
29.
Hewison, T.J., Cimini, D., Martin, L., Gaffard, C., Nash, J.: Validating clear air absorption models using ground-based microwave radiometers and vice-versa. Meteorol. Z. 15(1), 27–36 (2006)CrossRef
30.
Schneider, T., Wiatrek, A., Preußler, S., Grigat, M., Braun, R.P.: Link budget analysis for terahertz fixed wireless links. IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 2(2), 250–256 (2012)ADSCrossRef
31.
Piesiewicz, R., Kleine-Ostmann, T., Krumbholz, N., Mittleman, D., Koch, M., Schoebei, J., Kurner, T.: Short-range ultra-broadband terahertz communications: concepts and perspectives. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 49(6), 24–39 (2007)ADSCrossRef
32.
Kleine-Ostmann, T., Nagatsuma, T.: A review on terahertz communications research. J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 32(2), 143–171 (2011)CrossRef
33.
Lodewyck, J., Bloch, M., García-Patrón, R., Fossier, S., Karpov, E., Diamanti, E., Debuisschert, T., Cerf, N.J., Tualle-Brouri, R., McLaughlin, S.W.: Quantum key distribution over 25 km with an all-fiber continuous-variable system. Phys. Rev. A 76(4), 042,305 (2007)
34.
35.
Nagatsuma, T.: Terahertz technologies: present and future. IEICE Electron. Express 8(14), 1127–1142 (2011)CrossRef
36.
Vitiello, M.S., Scalari, G., Williams, B., De Natale, P.: Quantum cascade lasers: 20 years of challenges. Opt. Express 23(4), 5167–5182 (2015)ADSCrossRef
37.
Momeni, O., Afshari, E.: High power terahertz and millimeter-wave oscillator design: a systematic approach. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 46(3), 583–597 (2011)ADSCrossRef
38.
Homes, C.C., Carr, G.L., Lobo, R.P., LaVeigne, J.D., Tanner, D.B.: Silicon beam splitter for far-infrared and terahertz spectroscopy. Appl. Opt. 46(32), 7884–7888 (2007)ADSCrossRef
39.
Ung, B.S.Y., Weng, B., Shepherd, R., Abbott, D., Fumeaux, C.: Inkjet printed conductive polymer-based beam-splitters for terahertz applications. Opt. Mater. Express 3(9), 1242–1249 (2013)ADSCrossRef
40.
Berry, C.W., Wang, N., Hashemi, M.R., Unlu, M., Jarrahi, M.: Significant performance enhancement in photoconductive terahertz optoelectronics by incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes. Nat. Commun. 4, 1622 (2013)ADSCrossRef
41.
Komiyama, S.: Single-photon detectors in the terahertz range. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 17(1), 54–66 (2011)ADSCrossRef
42.
Sheikh, F., Zarifeh, N., Kaiser, T.: Terahertz band: channel modelling for short-range wireless communications in the spectral windows. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 10(13), 1435–1444 (2016)CrossRef
43.
Friis, H.T.: A note on a simple transmission formula. Proc. IRE 34(5), 254–256 (1946)CrossRef
44.
Jornet, J.M., Akyildiz, I.F.: Channel modeling and capacity analysis for electromagnetic wireless nanonetworks in the terahertz band. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 10(10), 3211–3221 (2011)CrossRef
45.
Sector, I.R.: Recommendation itu-r p. 676–10, attenuation by atmospheric gases. International Telecommunications Union (2013)
46.
47.
Leverrier, A., Alléaume, R., Boutros, J., Zémor, G., Grangier, P.: Multidimensional reconciliation for a continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 042,325 (2008)
48.
Leverrier, A., Grangier, P.: Unconditional security proof of long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(18), 180,504 (2009)
49.
Leverrier, A., Grosshans, F., Grangier, P.: Finite-size analysis of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 062,343 (2010)
50.
Metadata
Title
Practical aspects of terahertz wireless quantum key distribution in indoor environments
Authors
Xiao Liu
Changhua Zhu
Nan Chen
Changxing Pei
Publication date
01-11-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Quantum Information Processing / Issue 11/2018
Print ISSN: 1570-0755
Electronic ISSN: 1573-1332
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-018-2068-6

Other articles of this Issue 11/2018

Quantum Information Processing 11/2018 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

Decoy-state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with the single-photon-added coherent source

ReviewPaper

Quantum games: a review of the history, current state, and interpretation

BriefCommunication

Comment on “A novel quantum deniable authentication protocol without entanglement”

OriginalPaper

Enhanced least significant qubit watermarking scheme for quantum images

OriginalPaper

Dynamics of measurement-induced nonlocality under decoherence

OriginalPaper

Unextendible maximally entangled bases in