3. Practice 1: Minimally Committed Knowledge Baton Passers

See for example the many reviews on innovation teams: Gong, Y., Kim, T. Y., Lee, D. R., & Zhu, J. (2013). A multilevel model of team goal orientation, information exchange, and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 56(3), 827–851; Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157–183; Jang, S. (2017). Cultural brokerage and creative performance in multicultural teams. Organization Science, 28(6), 993–1009; Thompson, L. L., & Wilson, E. R. (2015). Creativity in teams. Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary, searchable, and linkable resource, 1–14; Sawyer, K. (2017). Group genius: The creative power of collaboration. Basic books; Edmondson, A. C., & Harvey, J. F. (2018). Cross-boundary teaming for innovation: Integrating research on teams and knowledge in organizations. Human Resource Management Review, 28(4), 347–360; Wang, J., Cheng, G. H. L., Chen, T., & Leung, K. (2019). Team creativity/innovation in culturally diverse teams: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior; van Knippenberg, D. (2017). Team innovation. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 211–233.

Quotes are from the USAID’s Global Pulse Final Report. Ferguson, D.A. (2010) Global Pulse 2010: Insights and Ideas from Around the World. Washington, D.C., United States Agency for International Development.

Harvey, S. (2014). Creative synthesis: Exploring the process of extraordinary group creativity. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), 324–343; Carlile, P. R. (2002). A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: Boundary objects in new product development. Organization science, 13(4), 442–455; Carlile, P. R. (2004). Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization science, 15(5), 555–568; Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & DeChurch, L. A. (2009). Information sharing and team performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 535–546. Tsoukas, H. (2009). A dialogical approach to the creation of new knowledge in organizations. Organization science, 20(6), 941–957; Nonaka, I., H. Takeuchi. 1995. The Knowledge-Creating Company. New York: Oxford University Press; Nonaka, I., Von Krogh, G., & Voelpel, S. (2006). Organizational knowledge creation theory: Evolutionary paths and future advances. Organization studies, 27(8), 1179–1208.

Ibid.

Bullinger, A. C., Neyer, A. K., Rass, M. & Moeslein, K. (2010) Community-based innovation contests: Where competition meets cooperation. Creativity and innovation management, 19(3), 390–303.

Grant, A. M., & Berry, J. W. (2011). The necessity of others is the mother of invention: Intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective taking, and creativity. Academy of management journal, 54(1), 73–96.

Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(7), 941–966.

Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of management review, 23(2), 242–266.

Scott Page has written about the superadditivity of teams with respect to diversity in teams, although his focus is on how the diversity adds together, while our focus is on how the diversity inspires others and creates knowledge that can be passed around as a baton, rather than added together. Page, S. E. (2010). Diversity and complexity (Vol. 2). Princeton University Press; Page, S. E. (2007). Making the difference: Applying a logic of diversity. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(4), 6–20.

Schemmann, B., Herrmann, A. M., Chappin, M. M., & Heimeriks, G. J. (2016). Crowdsourcing ideas: Involving ordinary users in the ideation phase of new product development. Research Policy, 45(6), 1145–1154; Frey, K., Lüthje, C., Haag, S., (2011). Whom should firms attract to open innovation platforms? The role of knowledge diversity and motivation. Long Range Plann. 44 (5–6), 397–420; Muhdi, L., Boutellier, R., (2011). Motivational factors affecting participation and contribution of members in two different Swiss innovation communities. Int. J. Innov. Manage. 15 (3), 543–562., Dahlander, L., Piezunka, H., (2014). Open to suggestions: how organizations elicit suggestions through proactive and reactive attention. Res. Policy 43 (5), 812–827.

Leimeister, J. M., Huber, M., Bretschneider, U., & Krcmar, H. (2009). Leveraging crowdsourcing: activation-supporting components for IT-based ideas competition. Journal of Management Information Systems, 26(1), 197–224; Füller, J., Hutter, K., & Faullant, R. (2011). Why co-creation experience matters? Creative experience and its impact on the quantity and quality of creative contributions. R&D Management, 41(3), 259–273.; Jeppesen, L.B., Frederiksen, L., (2006). Why do users contribute to firm-hosted user communities? The case of computer-controlled music instruments. Organ. Sci. 17, 45–64; Stahlbrost, A., Bergvall-Kareborn, B., (2011). Exploring users motivation in innovation communities. Int. J. Entrep. Innov. Manag. 14, 298–314; Fuller, J., (2006). Why consumers engage in virtual new product developments initiated by producers. Adv. Consum. Res. 33, 639–646; Boudreau, K. J., Lacetera, N., Lakhani, K. R., (2011). Incentives and problem uncertainty in innovation contests: an empirical analysis. Manag. Sci. 57, 843–863.

Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157–183.

Boudreau, K. J., Lacetera, N., Lakhani, K.R., (2011). Incentives and problem uncertainty in innovation contests: an empirical analysis. Manag. Sci. 57, 843–863.

Frey, K., Lüthje, C., Haag, S., (2011). Whom should firms attract to open innovation platforms? The role of knowledge diversity and motivation. Long Range Plann. 44 (5–6), 397–420.

Mack, T., & Landau, C. (2015). Winners, losers, and deniers: Self-selection in crowd innovation contests and the roles of motivation, creativity, and skills. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 37, 52–64.

Faraj, S., Jarvenpaa, S.L., Majchrzak, A. (2011) Knowledge collaboration in online communities. Organization Science, 22(5), 1224–1239.

Tucci CL, Afuah A, Viscusi G, eds. (2018) Creating & capturing value through crowdsourcing. (Oxford, Oxford, UK).

Faraj, S., von Krogh, G., Monteiro, E., & Lakhani, K. R. (2016). Special section introduction—Online community as space for knowledge flows. Information systems research, 27(4), 668–684.

Malhotra, A. and Majchrzak, A. (2014) Managing crowds in innovation challenges. California Management Review, 56(4), 103–123.

Majchrzak, A., Neece, O. E., Cooper, L.P. (2001) Knowledge reuse for innovation—The Missing Focus in Knowledge Management: Results of a Case Analysis at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Academy of Management Best Paper, August.

Dougherty, D. (1992). Interpretive barriers to successful product innovation in large firms. Organization science, 3(2), 179–202.