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Published in:
2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
Predicate Logic
Authors : Faron Moller, Georg Struth
Published in: Modelling Computing Systems
Publisher: Springer London
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This chapter contains a gentle introduction to the basics of predicate logic. The main emphasis is on the translation of natural language sentences and the use of predicate symbols and quantifiers to express natural language and mathematical properties. The notions of predicates, free and bound variable, and universal and existential quantification are introduced by example. The truth and falsity of universal and existential statements are explained and explored informally. Next, notions of bounded and restricted quantification are introduced, where quantifiers range over the elements of some given set or state that precisely one element has a certain property, and related with standard quantification. A few rules for reasoning with quantifiers, e.g. for pushing quantifiers into and out of formulae, are presented and a few logical puzzles and modelling examples are given.