Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Telecommunications and Communication Engineering

Frontmatter

Efficient Digital Beamforming for Bluetooth 5.1 Using Software Defined Radio

Abstract

In this paper, the angle of arrival (AoA) estimation and the implementation of beamforming for the new Bluetooth Low Energy communication standard version 5.1 has been evaluated through Software- defined Radio using a linear array antenna synthesis. The system consists of a 4 × 1 uniform linear array (ULA), a radio frequency (RF) transceiver and an FPGA digital signal processing unit. The proposed system reduces implementation and computational costs. It can be also adjusted for different antenna configurations with a higher number of elements in the array. The linear array antennas designed works at 2.4 GHz ISM operating band. The experiments were carried out in an indoor environment. The experimental results show a high level of precision for the positioning system, an excellent level between the main and side lobes in the radiation patterns, Taylor’s synthesis has been applied to reject the side lobes as well.

Fabricio Toasa, Luis Tello-Oquendo, Carlos Ramiro Penafiel-Ojeda, Anibal Llanga-Vargas, Giovanny Cuzco

Discussion on Suppression Coefficient of Projectile-Carried Communication Jamming

Abstract

Focusing on the problem of jamming suppression coefficient in the design and development of projectile-carried communication jammer, this paper combed the existing references from three aspects: the concept of jamming suppression coefficient, the common values of jamming suppression coefficient, and the definition of jamming level. Finally, the value and definition of jamming suppression coefficient of projectile-carried communication were discussed through cases. The conclusion shows that in the actual design and development process of projectile-carried communication jammer, the jamming suppression coefficient does not have the same value range as the existing references, so the value of jamming suppression coefficient should be analyzed concretely according to the specific jamming scenarios.

Jie Zhang, Haixia Shao, Baohong Ma

Research of Key Technique of Simulation Test Grid for C4ISR System

Abstract

Based on the analysis of simulation test bed, the simulation test grid concepts for C⁴ISR system is firstly proposed with the net-centric and service-oriented characteristics of new generation C⁴ISR system into consideration. Then, the component, architecture, application model and implement principle of the simulation test grid are presented. Finally, with its application in a case, the simulation test grid is confirmed that it’s an important method for the SoS (system of system) simulation.

Jing Jiang, Weibin Zhao

Random Access Performance Evaluation and Improvements of the LDACS

Abstract

This paper focus on the registration of an aircraft to the L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication System (LDACS). For this purpose, an Aircraft Station (AS) according to the LDACS standard [1] transmits an Random Access (RA) frame via one of two RA slots to an LDACS Ground Station (GS). Registration of an AS is typically required for two scenarios. One case is that an AS turns on its radio at the airport near to a GS, which corresponds to a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) scenario, but very likely non line-of-sight (NLOS) due to the airport infrastructure. The other case is the registration at the cell border which conforms to a low SNR but line-of-sight (LOS) scenario. For the detection of RA frames within the RA channel, different detection methods are compared with each other via simulations. Furthermore, the necessary accuracy of the Doppler estimation to achieve a certain Bit Error Rate (BER) is determined and possible improvements of the RA frame are discussed.

Michael Zaisberger, Holger Arthaber

Energy Efficient Power Allocation in Massive MIMO Systems with Power Limited Users

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate energy-efficient (EE) power allocation (PA) for a special downlink scenario of the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We consider a minimum power required for each user to ensure that the quality of service (QoS) for each user is satisfied. In this method, a comparison between the sum of minimum power required by users and the maximum transmission power is done to determine whether maximizing EE is possible or not. If the sum of the minimum power required by users is less than the maximum transmission power, we maximize EE. Otherwise, the number of admitted users in a cluster is maximized. In both cases, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than similar algorithms.

Abdolrasoul Sakhaei Gharagezlou, Mahdi Nangir, Nima Imani, Erfan Mirhosseini

A High-Gain Low-Noise RF Front-End Design for WLAN Receivers

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel design of a high power gain, low noise WLAN receiver. We designed the front-end of the receiver and the system can down-convert a typical WLAN signal to an IF frequency of 500 MHz. The proposed design has a gain of more than 54 dB and a noise figure of less than 8 dB. The RF front end for the WLAN receiver features an IIP3 of higher than −29 dB, a sensitivity of −123.0 dB, and a dynamic range is 43.8 dB. The proposed design features a direct-conversion scheme. In this paper, a brief introduction of the on-going WLAN standard is discussed; the block designs and the complete system design are demonstrated with the targeted specifications and simulation results; and the difficulties and solutions of the design process are showed.

Haoran Xiong, Kehan Huang

Parallel Optical Wireless Communication System with Hierarchical Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying

Abstract

This paper proposes a scheme for enhancing data transmission efficiency of Intensity Modulation Direct Detection (IM/DD) optical wireless communications (OWCs) by combining the parallel OWC with hierarchical nonorthogonal code based multilevel modulation. In the proposed system, nonorthogonal codes are constructed by concatenating pseudo orthogonal M-sequences. The numerical results show that the data transmission efficiency of the proposed system can achieve 1.0, which shows the effectiveness of the combination of the parallel OWC and the hierarchical nonorthogonal code based multilevel modulation system.

Nobuyoshi Komuro, Hiromasa Habuchi

JomIoT Medic: Saving Lives

Abstract

Nonadherence medication refers to the misuse or forgetting to take medication on time, it Is a fatal issue that causes a huge number of health issues and complex failure in the body and unfortunately. This paper proposes an advanced innovative medication reminder device consist of a mobile application and it is connected wirelessly using IoT to the hardware part as a special medication container in a shape of a smartphone cover or chain. To evaluate the device a survey was distributed to different population samples of the different age groups from both local and private sectors followed by an intense interview from the same sampling population. This medication device is the perfect and most convenient method to stick to medication time and the number of pills to help in fast recovery at all ages without complications and most importantly to save money. Managerial and practical implications are discussed.

Z. A. Atallah, P. S. JosephNg, Y. F. Loh

Cross-Train: Machine Learning Assisted QoT-Estimation in Un-used Optical Networks

Abstract

The quality of transmission (QoT) estimation of lightpaths (LPs) has both technological and economic significance from the operator’s perspective. Typically, the network administrator configures the network element (NE) working point according to the specified nominal values given by vendors. These operational NEs experienced some variation from the given nominal working point and thus put up uncertainty during their operation, resulting in the introduction of uncertainty in estimating LP QoT. Consequently, a substantial margin is required to avoid any network outage. In this context, to reduce the required margin provisioning, a machine learning (ML) based framework is proposed which is cross-trained using the information retrieved from the fully operational network and utilized to support the QoT estimation unit of an un-used sister network.

Ihtesham Khan, Muhammad Bilal, Vittorio Curri

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Routing Scheduling Scheme for Joint Optimization of Energy Consumption and Network Throughput

Abstract

With traffic demands growing exponentially, a great number of new network applications emerging, traffic load balancing and resource utilization have become the key issues that severely affect network performance of data center networks (DCNs). The efficient routing scheduling scheme is considered as the key factors to affect the network throughput and resource consumption. To maximize the network throughput and reduce the resource consumption, this paper investigates the efficient routing scheduling scheme by joint optimizing the network throughput and energy consumption. We first formulated the problem as a mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP) problem, and then introduce the deep reinforcement learning based routing scheduling problem to solve it. Results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the network performance.

Binbin Ye, Wei Luo, Ruikun Wang, Zhiqun Gu, Rentao Gu

A Novel Visible Light Communication System Based on a SiPM Receiver

Abstract

Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) has several attracting features, which can be helpful in the communication field, such as high photon detection efficiency, fast transient response, excellent timing resolution, and wide spectral range. In this paper, we compare SiPM with photodiode (PD), avalanche photodiodes (APD), and photomultiplier tube (PMT) in terms of the transformation related performance. Based on SiPM and visible light light-emitting diode (LED), we implement visible light communication (VLC) system, and conduct numerical simulation experiment research to convert data transmission problems into signal processing problems. In addition, we also propose the SR algorithm, which compares and analyzes with the PMID and FD algorithms used before. The system throughout ability, transmission rate, and data reconstruction are evaluated. The encouraging results suggest that the SiPM receiver has great application potentials, such as optical wireless communication systems and light fidelity, in which a wide bandwidth of the sensor response is important to enhance the transfer rate.

Zhenzhou Deng, Liang Ling, Yushan Deng, Chunlei Han, Lisu Yu, Guojun Cao, Yuhao Wang

Research on Peak-Detection Algorithms of Fiber Bragg Grating Demodulation

Abstract

Peak-detection algorithm is a crucial part of fiber grating signal demodulation. It plays a decisive role in the accuracy, speed and anti-noise performance of the entire system. This article introduces the research focusing on peak-detection algorithms and summarizes the common peak-detection algorithms in recent years into three types: traditional direct peak-detection algorithms, classic fitting peak-detection algorithms, and innovative improved algorithms. It mainly includes direct peak-detection algorithm, centroid detection algorithm, polynomial fitting method, gauss fitting algorithm, cubic spline interpolation algorithm, adaptive semi-peak-seek algorithm and Steger peak detection algorithm. The principles of various peak-finding algorithms are explained and the characteristics and performance of each algorithm are comprehensively compared. It is convenient to choose the optimal demodulation algorithm in the future research tasks according to different actual conditions and requirements.

Xiangyu Guo

Maintenance of Utilities Communication Equipment. From Normal to Excellence

Abstract

Excellence is a current focus for developed countries. Utilities, which are one of the critical sectors, need to apply excellence in order to deliver the required results to all their stakeholders. Communication network is a main element for any utility. Maintaining communication network requires additional efforts nowadays, which calls the need of shifting from normal to excellent maintenance. Applying excellent maintenance will ensure the availability and sustainability of the communication network, which will ensure utilities’ continuous operations. This paper aims to highlight the ways to achieve excellence maintenance for communication equipment in the utility sector. The study is based on several challenges and studies done by DEWA (Dubai Electricity and Water Authority) communication engineers during maintenance stage. The study concludes that it is essential to take care about all stages in order to apply excellent maintenance.

Seena Zarie

Development of a Two-Level Output Vehicle Safety Device Initiated by the Driver’s Eye Movement Patterns

Abstract

Driver’s drowsiness is still one of the major causes of vehicular-related incidents especially in the Philippines. In 2019, a 4.16% increase in road accidents was tallied and the most dangerous hour was singled out between 1:00AM to 2:00AM. In this study, a low-cost two-level output vehicle safety device was developed to be installed inside a car in order to deter road accidents caused by driver’s drowsiness. The detection of the driver’s drowsiness level was based on eye blink count exceeding 500 ms in one-minute duration. When 5 counts of eye blink exceeding 500 ms in one minute were recorded, a Level 1 output will be triggered reminding the driver to stay awake during the drive. On the other hand, when 10 counts of eye blink were recorded, Level 2 output will be triggered suggesting to the driver to take some rest and signaling other surrounding vehicles that something is wrong with the car. OpenCV-Python was used as the programming language and Raspberry Pi for eye blink detection. By synchronizing the process of the programming language, the output was considered a success.

Efren Victor Jr. N. Tolentino, Joseph D. Retumban, Dann Adrian A. Dimalibot, Mark Leo S. German, Nelson Lee L. Martinez, Edwin C. Pangatungan, Carl Louise M. Quintero

Design and Implementation of V-Band MMIC Low Noise Amplifier in GaAs mHEMTs Process

Abstract

In this paper the design and implementation of a MMIC low noise amplifier (LNA) operating at 50–75 GHz band in 70 nm GaAs mHEMTs process is presented. The measured minimum noise figure (NF) is 2.7 dB and the maximum gain is 19.3 dB. The LNA is composed of three stages in cascaded common-source topology with more than 16.4 dB gain and less than 3 dB NF over the whole band. It is applicable in millimeter wave (mmWave) communications and measurement instruments.

Wentao Zhu, Debin Hou, Jixin Chen, Wei Hong

Hidden Risks in Utilities Communication Panels

Abstract

Developed countries provide attention to risks for all their critical sectors. Utilities are one of these critical sectors. Communication network is a main element for any utility. Any major failure in this network will have huge impact on the utilities’ operations. Focus should be always on all types of risks that have effects on operations. Some risks can be considered hidden meaning that they have in direct impact on the equipment’s operation. Identifying these hidden risks in telecommunication panels will provide huge benefits for utilities since they will prevent failures and maintain sustainable operations. This paper aims to highlight some examples of hidden risks in utilities communication panels, their effects on the network and how to mitigate them. The study is based on several failures and challenges faced by DEWA (Dubai Electricity and Water Authority) communication engineers during maintenance and troubleshooting. The study concludes that it is essential to take care about and mitigate these hidden risks in all stages starting from design up to maintenance stages.

Seena Zarie

JomSnapBuy: Search and Buy Product with a Snap

Abstract

With the growth of technologies, more and more products have been introduced daily to the world rapidly. There are quite several products that can bring convenience to our life but the people do not know the name, or where to buy it. Sometimes, people have to waste a lot of time finding it, especially for the younger generation as they are more tend to spend on the new product. This is the same as finding a song with its melody, neither lyrics nor song name is tough. So, this study is inspired by this thought and trying to come out with an application that can recognize the product in an image and find the store page online to buy it. Besides, the user can share the interesting product they found with others through this application. In this paper, we will discuss the image recognition technique and the state some survey & interview results collected by the Google Form.

H. K. Kee, P. S. JosephNg

Base Station Mobile Traffic Prediction Based on ARIMA and LSTM Model

Abstract

Two forecasting models are proposed in this study which is the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) compared with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), aiming to find a model with higher accuracy of the base station mobile traffic prediction. The spatiotemporal time series is an hourly flow record of a community, unsteady and complex. In terms of ARIMA, the time series has firstly tested the stationarity by ADF method and the model parameters (p, d, q) are determined by ACF and PACF. After the model is primarily built, AIC and BIC are applied to evaluate the model. Then, LSTM models are established with three hidden layers, and the optimal model is chosen by measuring different parameter combinations. The prediction performance is evaluated by RMES, MRE, and R (correlation coefficient). With the comparison of ARIMA, the experimental results show LSTM has higher accuracy in terms of this base station traffic dataset.

Yige Wang

Particle Swarm Optimized Optical Directional Couplers with Ultrasmall Size and Wide Bandwidth

Abstract

Optical directional couplers are the basic components of many optical information devices. The optical directional couplers based on silicon-on-insulator are very attractive due to the low power consumption, high transmission efficiency, and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication processes. However, the size of couplers designed by traditional ways could not meet the requirements of on-chip integrated optical systems. In this paper, two cross directional optical couplers on silicon-on-insulator are designed by a particle swarm optimized inverse-design method. Benefiting from the large optimization space, the footprint is as small as 2 × 2 μm², which is much smaller than that of traditional devices. The simulation results show that the coupling efficiency of TE and TM directional couplers reaches 69.1% and 89.7% at 1550 nm, respectively. Both devices could operate in a broad wavelength range of 1480–1570 nm for TE and 1480–1605 nm for TM, and maintain over 60% transmission and over 20 dB crosstalk at the same time. This work may pave the way for ultra-small optical devices and on-chip photonic integrated circuits.

Yuan Yang, Qichao Lu, Xin Yan, Xia Zhang, Xiaomin Ren

Lateral Etched Tunnel Junction Apertures for 1.3μm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Abstract

1.3μm wafer-bonded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are fabricated, which employ lateral etched p+-InAlAs/n+-InP tunnel junctions as confinement apertures. The VCSEL with a 5μm-diameter aperture exhibits CW operation with threshold current of 0.55 mA, maximum operation temperature up to 82 °C and single-transverse mode emission. The relationship between temperature-dependent characteristics and aperture sizes are discussed. The lateral etched p+-InAlAs/n+-InP tunnel junction aperture is attractive as confinement for high performance wafer-bonded long wavelength VCSELs.

Cheng Liu, Huizhen Wu

Neural Network Deployment on Edge via OPC UA Protocol

Abstract

With the rise of Industry 4.0, the transmission and processing of massive data has become a key technical problem. The OPC UA protocol is considered to be a vital solution for the unification of data transmission protocols. Edge computing services which are physically close to the site are considered to be excellent solutions to reduce transmission delay with low bandwidth occupation. However, the combination of edge computing services and OPC UA is complicated. The extra adjustment of services limits the deployment of advanced algorithm in industry field. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an OPC UA information model for neural network abstraction and instantiation. The Mobile Neural Network is introduced to the framework for rapid deployment of neural networks. Experiments proved that the online deployment, adjustment and execution of neural networks can be realized without modifying the client configuration under the OPC UA framework.

Xinlei Li, Zhisheng Zhang, Min Dai, Zhangkun Shi

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