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Quality of Life Research
Published in: Quality of Life Research 3/2018

22-12-2017

Psychometric evaluation of the PainCAS Interference with Daily Activities, Psychological/Emotional Distress, and Pain scales

Authors: Stacey A. McCaffrey, Ryan A. Black, Stephen F. Butler, Inflexxion, Inc.

Published in: Quality of Life Research | Issue 3/2018

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Abstract

Purpose

The PainCAS is a web-based clinical tool for assessing and tracking pain and opioid risk in chronic pain patients. Despite evidence for its utility within the clinical setting, the PainCAS scales have never been subject to psychometric evaluation. The current study is the first to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PainCAS Interference with Daily Activities, Psychological/Emotional Distress, and Pain scales.

Methods

Patients (N = 4797) from treatment centers and hospitals in 16 different states completed the PainCAS as part of routine clinical assessment. A subsample (n = 73) from two hospital-based treatment centers also completed comparator measures. Rasch Rating Scale Models were employed to evaluate the Interference with Daily Activities and Psychological/Emotional Distress scales, and empirical evaluation included assessment of dimensionality, discrimination, item fit, reliability, information, and person-to-item targeting. Additionally, convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated through classical test theory approaches. Convergent validity of the Pain scales was evaluated through correlations with corresponding comparator items.

Results

One Interference with Daily Activities item was removed due to poor functioning and discrimination. The retained items from the Interference with Daily Activities and Psychological/Emotional Distress scales conformed to unidimensional Rasch measurement models, yielding satisfactory item fit, reliability, precision, and coverage. Further, results provided support for the convergent and discriminant validity of these two scales. Convergent validity between the PainCAS Pain and BPI Pain items was also strong.

Conclusion

Taken together, results provide strong psychometric support for these PainCAS Pain scales. Strengths and limitations of the current study are discussed.
previous article Development of a practical outcome measure to account for individual differences in quality-of-life appraisal: the Brief Appraisal Inventory

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Footnotes
1
Of note, this comparison could also be viewed as evidence of alternate forms of reliability as the PainCAS Pain scales are highly similar in content to the BPI Pain items.
 
2
Item discrimination was estimated outside of the Rasch model.
 
3
It should be noted that given the fact that this sample of chronic pain patients is older (i.e., > 50 years), pain interfering with childcare may be less of an issue than it would be for a younger population.
 
4
Note that thereare a 0.985 and a 0.994 correlation between the raw interference and distress scores and their Rasch scores. Therefore, for ease of calculating total scores, raw scores are used instead of Rasch.
 
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Metadata
Title
Psychometric evaluation of the PainCAS Interference with Daily Activities, Psychological/Emotional Distress, and Pain scales
Authors
Stacey A. McCaffrey
Ryan A. Black
Stephen F. Butler
Inflexxion, Inc.
Publication date
22-12-2017
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Quality of Life Research / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1766-3

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