Qualitative Appreciation of Water Resources in a Preserved Environment Under Anthropic Threat

The National Park of El Kala (NPEK) is illustrative of a natural heritage, recognized by UNESCO as a biosphere reserve comprising important ecosystems unique in the Mediterranean basin, threatened by anthropogenic activities which deteriorate the environment in particular water resources. This study aims to assess the water quality in NPEK and to identify the concentration levels in organic pollutants of anthropic origin. The water samples (superficial and groundwater) are collected and analyzed in the laboratory for the measurement of some major ions and some nutrient parameters. The results show that the major ion concentrations, in the majority of analyzed samples, are below the standards recommended by WHO. The concentrations of some organic parameters, such as ammonium, biological oxygen demand and phosphates, are higher than the WHO required norms. Under the anthropogenic impact, organic and toxic substances accumulate in the water causing imbalances and disturbances in the functioning of the physical environment with the appearance of phenomena like ammonia toxicity and eutrophication. Overall, this study provides a good benchmark for integrated management of water resources, including perspectives to take into account in the protection of the environment with the recognition of contaminated points and the need to install protective perimeters and to reduce or even stop undesirable activities exercised by Man.