Top

Published in:

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

6. R2P Norm of “Prevention” in US Foreign Policy Toward the Libyan Civil War

Author : Paul Tang Abomo

Published in: R2P and the US Intervention in Libya

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This chapter presents the norm of “prevention” in US foreign policy toward the Libyan Civil War. It assesses the impact of R2P in US foreign policy and the degree to which it was evident in the prevention phase. It is an empirical test of the extent to which the USA was involved in preventing or helping de-escalate the tensions between protesters and forces loyal to the Gaddafi regime. The chapter describes the situation on the ground from the beginning of the uprising on February 15, 2011, up until the decision to launch Operation Odyssey Dawn. This includes the political, diplomatic, and military maneuvers of the USA and the international community to prevent the wave of violence unleashed against civilians by Gaddafi’s forces.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Historical Context of US-Libyan Relations (Prior to 2011)

next chapter R2P Norm of “Reaction” in US Foreign Policy Toward the Libyan Civil War

ABC. 2011. This Week with Christiane Amanpour, March 6. https://archive.org/details/WJLA_20110306_150000_This_Week_With_Christiane_Amanpour#start/1080/end/1140.

ABC News. 2011. February 28. http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/christianeamanpours-exclusivegadhafi-interview-libya-strongman-politics-13024275

Al-Jazeera. 2011. Gaddafi loses more Libyan cities, February 24. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/02/2011223125256699145.html.

Amnesty International. 2011. Libyan leader must end spiraling killings, February 20. http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/libyan-leader-must-end-spiraling-killings-2011-02-20.

Associated Press. 2011.Libyan city celebrates freedom from Gadhafi, February 24. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=12983621.

BBC News. 2011. Libya protests: Gaddafi embattled by opposition gains, February 24. http://wwwbbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12564104.

Berger, J. 2011. U.S. senators call for no-flight zone over Libya. The New York Times, March 6.

Broder, J.M. 2011. U.S. and Allies consider Libya no-fly zone. The New York Times, February 28.

Bronner, E., and D. Sanger. 2011. Arab League endorses no-flight zone over Libya. The New York Times, March 12.

Bumiller, E. 2011. NATO steps back from military intervention in Libya. The New York Times, March 10.

Calabresi, M. 2011a. Obama threatens Gaddafi with ‘accountability’. Time, February 23.

———. 2011b. Obama refines talk of Libya Intervention. Time, March 3.

———. 2011c. Why are we going to war with Libya?—updated. Time, March 18.

CBS. 2011. Face the Nation, March 6. http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/FTN_030611.pdf.

Cooper, H. 2011a. U.S. freezes a record $30 billion in Libyan assets. The New York Times, February 28.

———. 2011b. U.S. to name a liaison to the rebels in Libya. The New York Times, March 12.

Cooper, H., and M. Landler. 2011a. Obama condemns Libya amid stalled evacuation. The New York Times, February 24.

———. 2011b. U.S. announces sanctions in bid to deter Libya. The New York Times, February 26.

Cotler, I., and J. Genser. 2011. Libya and the responsibility to protect. The International Herald Tribune, March 1.

Covin, R., and A. Bull. 2011. U.S. to impose sanctions on Libya, cuts ties. Reuters, February 25.

Cowell, A. 2011. Protests take aim at leader of Libya. The New York Times, February 17.

de Young, K., E. Cody, and W. Branigin. 2011. Obama concerned about Gaddafi’s gains but says noose is tightening on Libyan leader. The Washington Post, March 11.

Fahim, K. 2011. Rebels hope for Qaddafi’s fall but remain fearful. The New York Times, February 23.

Fahim K., and D. Kirkpatrick. 2011a. Qaddafi’s grip on the capital tightens as revolt grows. The New York Times, February 23.

———. 2011b. Qaddafi’s forces are hitting back at Libyan rebels. The New York Times, March 1.

George, L., and A. Bennett. 2005. Case studies and theory development in social sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Hauslohner, A. 2011. Getting rid of Qaddafi: An opposition call to arms. Time, February 25.

Human Rights Watch. 2011a. Libya: Security forces killed 84 over three days; End attacks on peaceful protesters, February 18. http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/18/libya-security-forces-kill-84-0ver-three-days.

———. 2011b. Libya: Government should demand end to unlawful killings; Death toll up to at least 233 over four days, February 20. http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/20/libya-governments-should-demand-end-unlawful-killings.

———. 2011c. Libya: Commanders should face justice for killings, February 22. http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/22/libya-commanders-should-face-justice-killings.

International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor. 2011. First Report of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to the UN Security Council Pursuant to UNSCR 1970, May 4.

Karon, T. 2011. Unable to defeat Gaddafi, Libyan rebels turn to the west. Time, March 14.

Kirpatrick, D. 2011a. Qaddafi vows to fight to the ‘last man’. The New York Times, March 2.

———. 2011b. Qaddafi brutalizes foes, armed and defenseless. The New York Times, March 5.

Kirkpatrick, D., and M. El-Naggar. 2011a. Son of Qaddafi says Libya faces civil war peril. The New York Times, February 21.

———. 2011b. Qaddafi’s grip falters as his forces take on protesters. The New York Times, February 22.

Kirkpatrick, D., and K. Fahim. 2011. Qaddafi forces violently quell capital protest. The New York Times, February 26.

Landler, M. 2011a. U.S. condemns Libyan tumult but makes no threat. The New York Times, February 23.

———. 2011b. Obama tells Qaddafi to quit and authorizes refugee airlifts. The New York Times, March 4.

———. 2011c. To intervene. Or not…. The New York Times, March 6.

———. 2011d. Obama bolsters relief effort at Libyan border. The New York Times, March 7.

Landler, M., and T. Shanker. 2011. Warships move in as U.S. readies a range of options for Qaddafi’s ouster. The New York Times, March 1.

Luxner, L. 2011. Qaddaf Qaddafi’s man no more: Disgusted, envoy breaks free of former boss. The Washington Diplomat, March 29.

Mazzetti, M., and D. Sanger. 2011. U.S. intelligence chief says Qaddafi has edge in conflict. The New York Times, March 10.

Mekay, E. 2011. Too late, Qaddafi seeks the aid of Muslim Clerics. The International Herald Tribune, March 3.

Myers, S.L. 2011. Clinton to meet with Libyan rebels. The New York Times, March 10.

NBC. 2011. Meet the Press, March 6. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41906285/ns/meet_the_press-transcripts/t/meet-press-transcript-march/#.Vb-cqzlkLds.

O’Harrow Jr., R., J. Grimaldi, and B. Dennis. 2011. Sanctions in 72 hours: How the U.S. pulled off a major freeze of Libyan assets. The Washington Post, March 23.

Qaddafi, Saif al Islam. 2011. This was an unimaginable exaggeration, speech on Libyan State Television http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp6DFM9_NuU&feature=related_(minute6:09).

Quinn, A. 2011. Clinton says Gaddafi must go. Reuters, February, 28.

Quinn A., and M. Spetalnick. 2011. U.S. seeks immediate steps on Libya crisis. Reuters, February 24.

Rogin, J. 2011. A tale of two Libyan embassies in Washington, DC. The Cable, March 10.

Sanger, D. 2011. White House announces steps against Qaddafi. The New York Times, March 11.

Sanger, D., and T. Shanker. 2011a. Gates warns of risks of a no-flight zone. The New York Times, March 3.

———. 2011b. Discord grows on the politics of intervention. The New York Times, March 8.

Schmitt, E. 2011. U.S ‘gravely concerned’ over violence in Libya. The New York Times, February 21.

Shadid, A. 2011. Clashes in Libya worsen as Army Crushes Dissent. The New York Times, February 19.

Shanker, T. 2011. U.S. weighs options, by air and sea. The New York Times, March 6.

Snow, A. 2011. UN suspends Libya from Human Rights Council. The Huffington Post, March 2.

The New York Times, Editorial. 2011. Stopping Qaddafi, February 25.

The White House. 2011a. President Obama on the situation in Libya, February 23. https://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2011/02/23/president-obama-situation-libya#transcript.

———. 2011b. Press briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney, February 25. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/25/press-briefing-press-secretary-jay-carney-2252011.

———. 2011c. Executive Order 13566—Libya, February 25. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/25/executive-order-13566-libya.

———. 2011d. Remarks by President Obama and President Calderón of Mexico at Joint Press Conference, March 3. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/03/03/remarks-president-obama-and-president-calder-n-mexico-joint-press-confer.

———. 2011e. Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Gillard of Australia after Bilateral Meeting, March 7. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/03/07/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-gillard-australia-after-bilat.

———. 2011f. News Conference by the President, March 11. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/03/11/news-conference-president.

UN General Assembly. 2011. Document A/RES/65/265. Suspension of the rights of membership of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in the Human Rights Council, March 1.

UN Security Council (UNSCR). 2011. Resolution 1970, S/RES/1970 (2011), February 26.

U.S. Congress. 2011a. Popular uprising in the Middle East: The implication for U.S. policy. U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, March 17.

———. 2011b. Libya: Defining U.S. National Security Interests, hearing before the House of Representatives. Committee on foreign affairs, March 31.

Walt, V. 2011a. Democracy protests reach Libya, but Gaddafi feels secure. Time, February 16.

———. 2011b. Gaddafi’s son: Last gasp of Libya’s dying regime? Time, February 21.

———. 2011c. How Libya’s second city became the first to revolt. Time, February 22.

Wyatt, E. 2011. Security Council refers Libya to Criminal Court. The New York Times, February 27.

Title: R2P Norm of “Prevention” in US Foreign Policy Toward the Libyan Civil War
Author: Paul Tang Abomo
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: R2P and the US Intervention in Libya
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-78830-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-78831-9

Copyright Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78831-9_6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner