Top

Published in:

2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

30. Reforming Global Health Diplomacy in the Wake of COVID-19

Author : Mark C. Storella

Published in: The Palgrave Handbook of Diplomatic Reform and Innovation

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical shortcomings of global health diplomacy. Previously negotiated surveillance and detection systems proved inadequate in ensuring timely notice of the outbreak of a disease that has already killed an estimated 15 million people worldwide and erased trillions of dollars in lost economic activity, with particularly harmful effects in least developed countries. While nations have negotiated health issues for centuries, the definition and objectives of health diplomacy have never been clearly established. This chapter addresses how nations can reform their own preparation to engage in health diplomacy and poses the following questions: is diplomacy a tool to advance global health or is global health an instrument diplomacy can use to advance national interests? How can health diplomacy be reformed to serve both these approaches better? How should governments seek scientific advice to support their international engagements on global health? What are best practices for staffing international health negotiations that can best serve the interests of both large and small states?

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Urban Diplomacy: How Cities Will Leverage Multilateralism

next chapter The Reform of Humanitarian Diplomacy

This section draws heavily on research conducted by the author’s graduate assistant, Shamim Butt-Garcia, which is reflected in Ms. Butt-Garcia’s unpublished master’s thesis: “The Future of American Leadership in Global Health Diplomacy: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic” (2022). It appears here in modified form with her permission.

Agarwal, R., J. Farrar, G. Gopinath, R. Hatchett, and P. Sands. 2022. “A Global Strategy to Manage the Long-term Risks of COVID-19.” International Monetary Fund, April.

Almeida, C. “Global Health Diplomacy: A Theoretical and Analytical Review.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health, February 28.

Annan, K. 2000. Address by Kofi Annan to the Security Council on the Situation in Africa: The Impact of AIDS on Peace and Security. United Nations, January 10. https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2000-01-10/address-kofi-annan-security-council-situation-africa-impact-aids.

Berkley, S. 2021. “No One Is Safe Until Everyone is Safe.” Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, October 29. https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/no-one-safe-until-everyone-safe.

Bridge. 2022. “China COVID-19 Vaccines Tracker.” https://bridgebeijing.com/our-publications/our-publications-1/china-covid-19-vaccines-tracker/.

Brown, M.D., T.K. Mackey, C.N. Shapiro, J. Kolker, and T.E. Novotny. 2014. “Bridging Public Health and Foreign Affairs: The Tradecraft of Global Health Diplomacy and the Role of Health Attachés.” Science & Diplomacy 3 (3). http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2014/bridging-public-health-and-foreign-affairs.

Colvin, C.J., and M. Heywood. 2012. “Negotiating ARV Prices with Pharmaceutical Companies and the South African Government.” In E. Rosskam and I. Kickbusch, eds. Negotiating and Navigating Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

Conway, A. 2021. “Global Public Health Diplomacy: An Opportunity for Ireland?” Global Europe, June. https://www.iiea.com/images/uploads/resources/Global-Public-Health-Diplomacy.pdf.

Davidson, H. 2021. “China Revives Conspiracy Theory of US Army Link to Covid.” Guardian, January 20. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/20/china-revives-conspiracy-theory-of-us-army-link-to-covid.

The Economist. 2021. “Cyril Ramaphosa Says the World Must End Vaccine Apartheid,” November 8. https://www.economist.com/the-world-ahead/2021/11/08/cyril-ramaphosa-says-the-world-must-end-vaccine-apartheid.

European Commission. 2020. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions. “Building a European Health Union: Reinforcing the EU’s Resilience for Cross-border Health Threats,” November 11. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/communication-european-health-union-resilience_en.pdf.

———. 2010. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions. “The EU Role in Global Health,” March 31. https://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0128:FIN:EN:PDF.

European Parliament. 2011. “Swine Flu: Lessons to Learn from ‘Disproportionate’ EU Response,” January 25. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20110125IPR12478/swine-flu-lessons-to-learn-from-disproportionate-eu-response.

Felter, C. 2021. “Will the World Ever Solve the Mystery of COVID-19’s Origin?” Council on Foreign Relations, November 3. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/will-world-ever-solve-mystery-covid-19s-origin.

Fitzgerald, J.G. 1933. “The Work of the Health Organization of the League of Nations.” Canadian Journal of Public Health, August 3, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41979240?seq=5.

France, Government of. 2022. Foreign Policy and Global Health Initiative. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/development-assistance/priority-sectors/health/news/article/foreign-policy-and-global-health-initiative-22-08-19.

Gelling, P. 2007. “Indonesia Defiant on Refusal to Share Bird Flu Samples.” New York Times, March 26. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/26/world/asia/26cnd-flu.html.

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (FGATM). 2022. Devex. https://www.devex.com/organizations/the-global-fund-to-fight-aids-tuberculosis-and-malaria-gfatm-30677.

Global Health Security Agenda. 2022. “A Partnership Against Global Health Threats.” https://ghsagenda.org/.

Global Preparedness Monitoring Board. 2021. Global Preparedness Monitoring Board Strategic Plan 2021–2023. https://www.gpmb.org/annual-reports/overview/item/gpmb-strategic-plan-2021-2023.

Habibi, N., and H.Y. Zhu. 2021. “The Health Silk Road as a New Direction in China’s Belt and Road Strategy in Africa,” February 16, Brandeis Scholar Works. https://scholarworks.brandeis.edu/esploro/outputs/workingPaper/The-Health-Silk-Road-as-a/9924131522401921.

Holbrooke, R., and L. Garrett. 2008. “‘Sovereignty’ that Risks Global Health.” Washington Post, August 10. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/08/AR2008080802919.html.

Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response. 2021. “COVID 19: Make It the Last Pandemic.” https://theindependentpanel.org/.

Jones, B. 2020. “Can Middle Powers Lead the World Out of the Pandemic?” Foreign Affairs, June 18. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/france/2020-06-18/can-middle-powers-lead-world-out-pandemic.

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2022. “The U.S. Government & Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance,” January 19. https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-gavi-the-vaccine-alliance/.

Katz, R., and A. Muldoon. 2012. “Negotiating the Revised International Health Regulations (IHR).” In E. Rosskam and I. Kickbusch, eds. Negotiating and Navigating Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

Kevany, S. 2014. “Global Health Diplomacy, ‘Smart Power,’ and the New World Order.” Global Public Health 9 (7): 787–807.CrossRef

Kickbusch, I., H. Nikogosian, M. Kazatchkine, and M. Kökény. 2021. A Guide to Global Health Diplomacy. Graduate Institute of Geneva: Global Health Centre, February 18. https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/sites/internet/files/2021-02/GHC-Guide.pdf.

Kiernan, J.P. 2002. “1902–2002: 100 Years of Pan-Americanism.” Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). https://www.paho.org/en/who-we-are/history-paho/1902-2002-100-years-pan-americanism.

Kirk, A., F. Sheehy, and C. Levett. 2021. “Canada and UK Among Countries with Most Vaccine Doses Ordered per Person.” Guardian, January 29. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/29/canada-and-uk-among-countries-with-most-vaccine-doses-ordered-per-person.

Kirk, J.M. 2009. “Cuba’s Medical Internationalism: Development and Rationale.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 28 (4): 497–511.CrossRef

Kolker, J. 2017. “HHS and Global Health in the Second Obama Administration.” Center for Strategic and International Studies: Global Health Policy Center, April. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/170410_Kolker_HHSObama_Web.pdf.

Kümmel, B. 2017. “Germany: Putting Health on the G7 Agenda.” In Health Diplomacy: European Perspectives, ed. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/347688/Health_Diplomacy_European_Perspectives.pdf.

Lin, S., L. Gao, M. Reyes, F. Cheng, J. Kaufman, and W.M. El-Sadr. 2016. “China’s Health Assistance to Africa: Opportunism or Altruism?” Globalization and Health 12 (1): 83.CrossRef

Michaud, J., K. Moss, and J. Kates. 2021. “The U.S. Government and Global Health Security.” Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), May 21. https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/issue-brief/the-u-s-government-and-global-health-security/.

Our World in Data. 2020. Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus.

Moon, S., D. Sridhar, M.A. Pate, A.K. Jha, C. Clinton, S. Delaunay, et al. 2015. “Will Ebola Change the Game? Ten Essential Reforms before the Next Pandemic. The Report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola.” Lancet 386 (10009): 2204–21.CrossRef

Paravicini, G. 2021. “India’s Halt to Vaccine Exports ‘Very Problematic’ for Africa.” Reuters, May 18. https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/indias-halt-vaccine-exports-very-problematic-africa-2021-05-18/.

Rosskam, E., and I. Kickbusch, eds. 2012. Negotiating and Navigating Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

Thrasher, R. 2021. “Why the TRIPS Waiver Should Include More than Just Vaccines.” Boston University Global Development Policy Center, June 7. https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/06/07/why-the-trips-waiver-should-include-more-than-just-vaccines/.

United Nations Department of Public Information. 2014. “With Spread of Ebola Outpacing Response, Security Council Adopts Resolution 2177 (2014) Urging Immediate Action, End to Isolation of Affected States,” September 18. https://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sc11566.doc.htm#:~:text=Resolution%202177%20(2014)%20was%20adopted,Chan%2C%20and%20a%20M%C3%A9decins%20Sans.

UN News. 2022a. “UN Analysis Shows Link between Lack of Vaccine Equity and Widening Poverty Gap,” March 28. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1114762#:~:text=The%20overall%20number%20of%20vaccines,administered%20in%20low%2Dincome%20countries.

———. 2022b. “Nearly 15 Million Deaths Directly or Indirectly Linked to COVID-19,” May 5. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1117582.

United Nations Security Council. 2000. UN Security Council Resolution 1308, July 27. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00efd10.html.

———. 2020. Resolution 2532. S/RES/2532. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/N20/169/84/PDF/N2016984.pdf?OpenElement.

———. 2021. Resolution 2565. S/RES/2565. https://documents-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N21/053/90/PDF/N2105390.pdf?OpenElement.

Wee, S.-l. 2021. “They Relied on Chinese Vaccines. Now They Are Battling Outbreaks,” New York Times, June 22.

World Health Assembly. 1995. “Revision and Updating of the International Health Regulations.” Document WHA84.7, 12 May. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/178403/WHA48_R7_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

———. 2021. “The World Together: Establishment of an Intergovernmental Negotiating Body to Strengthen Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response.” Document SSA2(5), December 1. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHASSA2/SSA2(5)-en.pdf.

World Health Organization. 1946. “Constitution of the World Health Organization,” Adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, July 22, 1946, entry into force on April 7, 1948. https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution.

———. 1958. “The First Ten Years of the World Health Organization.” https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/37089/a38153_eng_LR_part1.pdf.

———. 2016. International Health Regulations. 3rd ed., January 1. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241580496.

———. 2021a. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee. https://www.who.int/groups/independent-oversight-and-advisory-committee.

———. 2021b. “COVID-19 Shows Why United Action Is Needed for More Robust International Health Architecture,” March 30. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/op-ed%2D%2D-covid-19-shows-why-united-action-is-needed-for-more-robust-international-health-architecture.

———. 2022a. “What Is the ACT-Accelerator.” https://www.who.int/initiatives/act-accelerator/about.

———. 2022b. “How WHO Is Funded.” https://www.who.int/about/funding.

———. 2022c. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/.

———. 2022d. WHO Health Emergencies Programme. https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/how-we-work/programmes/who-health-emergencies-programme.

———. 2022e. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the Sharing of Influenza Viruses and Access to Vaccines and Other Benefits. 2nd ed., January 25. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240024854.

———. 2022f. https://www.who.int/teams/ihr/ihr-review-committees.

———. 2022g Deliberations of the Bureau of the Working Group on Sustainable Financing on Options for an Increase in Assessed Contributions, April 21. https://apps.who.int/gb/wgsf/pdf_files/wgsf7/WGSF_7_INF2-en.pdf.

———. 2022h. “Sustainable Financing: Report of the Working Group, A75/9,” May 13. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA75/A75_9-en.pdf.

World Trade Organization, 2001. “Doha WTO Ministerial 2001, Ministerial Declaration,” adopted November 14. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm#trips.

———. 2022a Draft Ministerial Decision on the TRIPS Agreement, June 17. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/MIN22/W15R2.pdf.

———. 2022b. “COVID-19 WTO Ministerial Decision on TRIPS Agreement Fails to Set Rules that Could Save Lives,” June 17. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/covid-19-wto-ministerial-decision-trips-agreement-fails-set-rules-could-save-lives.

Title: Reforming Global Health Diplomacy in the Wake of COVID-19
Author: Mark C. Storella
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: The Palgrave Handbook of Diplomatic Reform and Innovation
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-10970-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-10971-3

Copyright Year: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10971-3_30