Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Additives and Chemicals in Plastics Read chapter Read first chapter

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Release of Additives and Monomers from Plastic Wastes

Authors : Charita S. Kwan, Hideshige Takada

Published in: Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Additives and monomers are integral components of plastics or polymers. Bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are the common monomer and additives used primarily to improve the quality of plastic materials. They are used as antioxidants, stabilizers, plasticizers, and flame retardants in plastics that are in turn used in the manufacture of a wide range of consumer and industrial products. In this chapter, the release of BPA, NP, and PBDEs from waste plastic materials is presented. A brief background of the physical and chemical characteristics of BPA, NP, and PBDEs, and other factors that influence the release of these monomer and additives from plastics, is also discussed. The overview of the consequential occurrence of these compounds in leachates from landfills and/or municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping sites provides evidence on the release of BPA, NP, and PBDEs from dumped plastic materials.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Food Containers and Packaging Materials as Possible Source of Hazardous Chemicals to Food
next chapter Degradation of Various Plastics in the Environment
Literature
1.
Teuten EL, Saquing JM, Knappe DRU, Barlaz MA, Jonsson S, Björn A, Rowland SJ, Thompson RC, Galloway TS, Yamashita R, Ochi D, Watanuki Y, Moore C, Viet PH, Tana TS, Prudente M, Boonyatumanond R, Zakaria MP, Akkhavong K, Ogata Y, Hirai H, Iwasa S, Mizukawa K, Hagino Y, Imamura A, Saha M, Takada H (2009) Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife. Phil Trans R Soc B 364:2027–2045
2.
Halden RU (2010) Plastic and health risks. Annu Rev Pub Health 31:179–194
3.
4.
Datla V, Shim E, Pourdeyhimi B (2012) Surface modifications of polypropylene with nonylphenol ethoxylates melt additives. Polym Eng Sci 52(9):1920–1927
5.
Zhang Q-X, Song J-B, Wang S-Y, Mo Z-S (2005) Effect of polyoxyethylene nonylphenol on dynamic mechanical properties and crystallization of polypropylene. Polymer 46:11820–11828
6.
Baun A, Ledin A, Reitzel LA, Bjerg PL, Christensen TH (2004) Xenobiotic organic compounds in leachates from ten Danish MSW landfills–chemical analysis and toxicity tests. Water Res 38:3845–3858
7.
8.
Hale R, La Guardia MJ, Harvey E, Mainor TM (2002) Potential role of fire retardant-treated polyurethane foam as a source of brominated diphenyl ethers to the US environment. Chemosphere 46(5):729–735
9.
Hardy ML (2002) A comparison of the properties of the major commercial PBDPO/ PBDE product to those of major PBB and PCB products. Chemosphere 46(5):717–728
10.
11.
OECD Environment Directorate (1994) Risk reduction monograph No. 3: selected brominated flame retardants–background and national experience of reducing risk. Available http://​www.​oecd.​org. Accessed 12 Nov 2012
12.
Rahman F, Langford KH, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN (2001) Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. Sci Total Environ 275:1–17
13.
de Wit CA (2002) An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere 46(5):583–624
14.
Alaee M, Arias P, Sjödin A, Bergman Å (2003) An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release. Environ Int 29(6):683–689
15.
16.
Darnerud PO (2003) Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife. Environ Int 29(6):841–853
17.
Slack RJ, Gronow JR, Voulvoulis N (2005) Household hazardous waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate. Sci Total Environ 337:119–137
18.
Bertanza G, Pedrazzani R (2008) Presence of EDCs (endocrine disrupting compounds) in landfill leachate and municipal wastewaters. In: Pawlowska M, Pawloski L (eds) Management of pollutant emission from landfills and sludge. Taylor & Francis/Balkema, Leiden, pp. 75–81
19.
Cousins IT, Staples CA, Klĕcka GM, Mackay D (2002) A multimedia assessment of the environmental fate of bisphenol A. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 8(5):1107–1135
20.
Asakura H, Matsuto T, Tanaka N (2004) Behavior of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in leachate from MSW landfill sites in Japan. Waste Manage 24:613–622
21.
Watanabe I, Tatsukawa R (1990) Anthropogenic brominated aromatics in the Japanese environment. In: Freiji L (ed) Proceedings of workshop on brominated flame retardants. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate (KemI), Skokloster, pp. 63–71
22.
Hites RA (2004) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: A meta-analysis of concentrations. Environ Sci Technol 38(4):945–956
23.
Ross PS, Couillard CM, Ikonomou MG, Johannessen SC, Lebeuf M, Macdonald RW, Tomy GT (2009) Large and growing environmental reservoirs of deca-BDE present an emerging health risk for fish and marine mammals. Mar Pollut Bull 58(1):7–10
24.
Osako M, Kim Y-J, Sakai S (2004) Leaching of brominated flame retardants in leachate from landfills in Japan. Chemosphere 57:1571–1579
25.
Ogbobe O (1985) Dispersion of additive masterbatches in polyolefin plastics. Dissertation, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough
26.
Kim Y-J, Osako M, Sakai S (2006) Leaching characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from flame-retardant plastics. Chemosphere 65:506–513
27.
Li X, Ying G, Su H-C, Yang X-B, Wang L (2010) Simultaneous determination and assessment of 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosan in tap water, bottled water and baby bottles. Environ Int 36:557–562
28.
Amiridou D, Voutsa D (2011) Alkylphenols and phthalates in bottled waters. J Mater 185(1):281–286
29.
Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, Rubin BS, Soto AM (2009) Bisphenol-A and the great divide: a review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption. Endocr Rev 30:75–95
30.
Hopewell J, Dvorak R, Kosior E (2009) Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities. Phil Trans R Soc London Ser B 364:2115–2126
31.
32.
Takada H (2013) International pellet watch studies of the magnitude and spatial variation of chemical risks associated with environmental plastics. In: Gabrys J, Hawkins G, Michael M (eds) Accumulation – The material politics of plastics. Routledge, London, pp. 201–205
33.
Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooker AP, Baun A, Ledin A, Christensen TH (2002) Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 32(4):297–336
34.
Masoner JR, Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Cozzarelli IM, Gray JL, Schwab EA (2014) Contaminants of emerging concern in fresh leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States. Environ Sci Processes Impacts 16:2335–2354
35.
Kalmykova Y, Björklund K, Strömvall A-M, Blom L (2013) Partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates in landfill leachates and stormwater. Water Res 47:1317–1328
36.
Kalmykova Y, Moona N, Strömvall A-M, Björklund K (2014) Sorption and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrdocarbons, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates in landfill leachate using sand, activated carbon and peat filters. Water Res 56:246–257
37.
Kwan CS, Takada H, Mizukawa K, Yamashita R, Torii M, Koike T, Saha M, Rinawati (2013) PBDEs in leachates from municipal solid waste dumping sites in tropical Asian countries: phase distribution and debromination. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:4188–4204
38.
Kurata Y, Ono Y, Ono Y (2008) Occurrence of phenols in leachates from municipal solid waste landfill sites in Japan. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 10:144–152
39.
Gerecke AC, Hartmann PC, Heeb NV, Kohler H-PE Giger W, Schmid P, Zennegg M, Kohler M (2005) Anaerobic degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether. Environ Sci Technol 39(4):1078–1083
40.
Robrock KR, Korytár P, Alvarez-Cohen L (2008) Pathways for the anaerobic microbial debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ Sci Technol 42(8):2845–2852
41.
Tokarz JA, Ahn M-Y, Leng J, Filey TR, Nies L (2008) Reductive debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in anaerobic sediment and a biomimetic system. Environ Sci Technol 42(4):1157–1164
42.
Mizukawa K, Takada H, Takeuchi I, Ikemoto T, Omori K, Tsuchiya K (2009) Bioconcentration and biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) through lower-trophic-level coastal marine food web. Mar Pollut Bull 58:1217–1224
43.
Canadian Ministry of Environment and Energy (1994) Policies guidelines provincial water quality objectives–Ontario. P1BS 33 03E
44.
Yasuhara A, Shiraishi H, Nishikawa M, Yamamoto T, Uehiro T, Nakasugi O, Okumura T, Kenmotsu K, Fukui H, Nagase M, Ono Y, Kawagoshi Y, Baba K, Noma Y (1997) Determination of organic components in leachates from hazardous waste disposal sites in Japan by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 774:321–332
45.
Yasuhara A, Shiraishi H, Nishikawa M, Yamamoto T, Nakasugi O, Okumura T, Kenmotsu K, Fukui H, Nagase M, Kawagoshi Y (1999) Organic components in leachates from hazardous waste disposal sites. Waste Manage Res 17:186–197
46.
Yamamoto T, Yasuhara A, Shiraishi H, Nakasugi O (2001) Bisphenol A in hazardous waste landfill leachates. Chemosphere 42:415–418
47.
Fromme H, Kuchler T, Otto T, Pilz K, Muller J, Wenzel A (2002) Occurrence of phthalates and bisphenol A and F in the environment. Water Res 36:1429–1438
48.
EC (2013) Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Directive 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Union 24.8.2013 L226/1
49.
Coors A, Jones PD, Giesy JP, Ratte HT (2003) Removal of estrogenic activity from municipal waste landfill leachate assessed with a bioassay based on reporter gene expression. Environ Sci Technol 37:3430–3434
50.
Sajiki J, Yonekubo J (2004) Leaching of bisphenol A (BPA) from polycarbonate plastic to water containing amino acids and its degradation by radical oxygen species. Chemosphere 55(6):861–867
51.
La Guardia MJ, Hale RC, Harvey E (2006) Detailed polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener composition of the widely used penta-, octa-, and deca-PBDE technical flame-retardant mixtures. Environ Sci Technol 40(20):6247–6254
52.
Oliaei F, King P, Phillips L (2002) Polybrominated flame retardants: occurrence and concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Minnesota environment. Organohalogen Compd 58:185–188
53.
Danon-Schaffer M (2010) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in landfills from electronic waste. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
54.
Li B, Danon-Schaffer MN, Li LY, Ikonomou MG, Grace JR (2012) Occurrence of PFCs and PBDEs in landfill leachates from across Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 223:3365–3372
55.
Öman CB, Junestedt C (2008) Chemical characterization of landfill leachates–400 parameters and compounds. Waste Manage 28:1876–1891
56.
Ilyas M, Sudaryanto A, Setiawan IT, Isobe T, Takahashi S, Tanabe S (2011) Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants in sediments from riverine and coastal waters of Surabaya, Indonesia. Mar Pollut Bull 62:89–98
57.
Odusanya DO, Okonkwo JO, Botha B (2009) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in leachates from selected landfill sites in South Africa. Waste Manage 29:96–102
58.
Daso AP, Fatoki OS, Odendaal JP, Olujimi OO (2013) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) in landfill leachate in Cape Town, South Africa. Environ Monit Assess 185:431–439
59.
Ehrig H-J (1989) Water and element balances of landfills. In: Baccini P (ed) The landfill–lecture notes in earth sciences. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 83–115
60.
Fang L, Huang J, Yu G, Wang L (2008) Photochemical degradation of six polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners under ultraviolet irradiation in hexane. Chemosphere 71:258–267
61.
Christiansson A, Eriksson J, Teclechiel D, Bergman Å (2009) Identification and quantification of products formed via photolysis of decabromdiphenyl ether. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16(3):312–321
62.
Kajiwara N, Noma Y, Takigami H (2008) Photolysis studies of technical decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) and ethane (DeBDethane) in plastics under natural sunlight. Environ Sci Technol 42(12):4404–4409
63.
Stapleton HM, Dodder NG (2008) Photodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether in house dust by natural sunlight. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:306–312
64.
Ngoc UN, Schnitzer H (2009) Sustainable solutions for solid waste management in Southeast Asian countries. Waste Manage 29(6):1982–1995
65.
Bożyk P (2006) Globalization and the transformation of foreign economic policy–(transition and development). Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Hampshire
66.
67.
68.
Metadata
Title
Release of Additives and Monomers from Plastic Wastes
Authors
Charita S. Kwan
Hideshige Takada
Copyright Year
2019
Book
Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95566-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-95568-1

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_122