Top

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Published in:

18-11-2023 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Response surface design, modelling and analysis on pyrolysis of waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE)

Authors: K. Manickavelan, S. Sivaganesan, Mithun Vinayaka Kulkarni, S. Sivamani

Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management | Issue 1/2024

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The pyrolysis of waste plastics is important because it offers a viable solution to mitigate environmental pollution by converting plastic waste into valuable resources, such as fuel, chemicals, and carbon materials. In this research, response surface optimization was performed to maximize wax yield through slow thermal pyrolysis of 5 kg waste high density polyethylene (HDPE). The slow pyrolysis was executed by varying heating rate (4 to 8 °C/min) and temperature (388 to 438 °C). A theoretical quadratic model was generated to optimize the wax yield and then validated through experiments. A maximum wax yield of 79.1% was achieved at heating rate and temperature of 7.9 °C/min and 434.3 °C, respectively. The wax thus collected was distilled to obtain 2.2 L pyrolysis oil and the properties were investigated. The characteristics of fuel were observed to be in-between those of petrol and diesel. Thus, HDPE could be a potential substrate to produce liquid transportation fuel by slow thermal pyrolysis.

previous article Role of polyacrylamide in the removal of soluble phosphorus and fluorine from phosphogypsum

next article Valorization of brewer's spent grains to produce nutrient biodegradable plant pot

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Bardalai M (2015) A review of physical properties of biomass pyrolysis oil. Int J Renew Energy Res. https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v5i1.1989.g6495CrossRef

Kusenberg M, Zayoud A, Roosen M et al (2022) A comprehensive experimental investigation of plastic waste pyrolysis oil quality and its dependence on the plastic waste composition. Fuel Process Technol 227:107090. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUPROC.2021.107090CrossRef

Parthasarathy P, Choi HS, Park HC et al (2016) Influence of process conditions on product yield of waste tyre pyrolysis- a review. Korean J Chem Eng 33:2268–2286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0126-2CrossRef

Budsaereechai S, Hunt AJ, Ngernyen Y (2019) Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste for the production of liquid fuels for engines. RSC Adv 9:5844–5857. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA10058FCrossRef

Liu C, Hu J, Zhang H, Xiao R (2016) Thermal conversion of lignin to phenols: relevance between chemical structure and pyrolysis behaviors. Fuel 182:864–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.104CrossRef

Idumah CI, Nwuzor IC (2019) Novel trends in plastic waste management. SN Appl Sci. 1:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1468-2CrossRef

Anuar Sharuddin SD, Abnisa F, Wan Daud WMA, Aroua MK (2016) A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy Convers Manag 115:308–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037CrossRef

Al-Salem SM, Karam HJ, Al-Qassimi MM (2022) Pyro-gas analysis of fixed bed reactor end of life tyres (ELTs) pyrolysis: a comparative study. J Environ Manage 320:115852. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.115852CrossRef

Ge S, Shi Y, Xia C et al (2021) Progress in pyrolysis conversion of waste into value-added liquid pyro-oil, with focus on heating source and machine learning analysis. Energy Convers Manag 245:114638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114638CrossRef

10.

Arya S, Sharma A, Rawat M, Agrawal A (2020) Tyre pyrolysis oil as an alternative fuel: a review. Mater Today Proc 28:2481–2484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.797CrossRef

11.

Dubdub I, Al-Yaari M (2020) Pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste: I kinetic study. Materials (Basel) 13:4912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214912CrossRef

12.

Harmon RE, SriBala G, Broadbelt LJ, Burnham AK (2021) Insight into polyethylene and polypropylene pyrolysis: global and mechanistic models. Energy Fuels 35:6765–6775. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00342CrossRef

13.

Vollmer I, Jenks MJF, Mayorga González R et al (2021) Plastic waste conversion over a refinery waste catalyst. Angew Chemie Int Ed 60:16101–16108. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202104110CrossRef

14.

Bridgwater AV (1996) Production of high grade fuels and chemicals from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. Catal Today 29:285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(95)00294-4CrossRef

15.

Bridgwater AV (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass Bioenergy 38:68–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048CrossRef

16.

Demirbas A (2004) Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes for recovery of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 72:97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2004.03.001CrossRef

17.

Ullah M, Liu P, Xie S, Sun S (2022) Recent advancements and challenges in lignin valorization: green routes towards sustainable bioproducts. Molecules 27:6055. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186055CrossRef

18.

Papari S, Bamdad H, Berruti F (2021) Pyrolytic conversion of plastic waste to value-added products and fuels: a review. Materials (Basel) 14:2586. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102586CrossRef

19.

Kabeyi MJB, Olanrewaju OA (2023) Review and design overview of plastic waste-to-pyrolysis oil conversion with implications on the energy transition. J Energy 2023:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1821129CrossRef

20.

Gebre SH, Sendeku MG, Bahri M (2021) Recent trends in the pyrolysis of non-degradable waste plastics. ChemistryOpen 10:1202–1226. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202100184CrossRef

21.

Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Varjani S, Saravanan A (2020) A critical review on the biochar production techniques, characterization, stability and applications for circular bioeconomy. Biotechnol Rep 28:e00570. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BTRE.2020.E00570CrossRef

22.

Adhikari S, Nam H, Chakraborty JP (2018) Conversion of solid wastes to fuels and chemicals through pyrolysis. Waste Bioref Potential Perspect. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63992-9.00008-2CrossRef

23.

Al-Rumaihi A, Shahbaz M, Mckay G et al (2022) A review of pyrolysis technologies and feedstock: a blending approach for plastic and biomass towards optimum biochar yield. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 167:112715. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2022.112715CrossRef

24.

Sanchís A, Veses A, Martínez JD et al (2022) The role of temperature profile during the pyrolysis of end-of-life-tyres in an industrially relevant conditions auger plant. J Environ Manage 317:115323. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.115323CrossRef

25.

Safdari MS, Amini E, Weise DR, Fletcher TH (2019) Heating rate and temperature effects on pyrolysis products from live wildland fuels. Fuel 242:295–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2019.01.040CrossRef

26.

Wang Z, Liu K, Xie L et al (2019) Effects of residence time on characteristics of biochars prepared via co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 142:104659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104659CrossRef

27.

Kabakcı SB, Hacıbektaşoğlu Ş (2017) Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. Pyrolysis. InTech, London

28.

Luna-Murillo B, Pala M, Paioni AL et al (2021) Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: catalyst characterization reveals the feed-dependent deactivation of a technical ZSM-5-based catalyst. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 9:291–304. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07153CrossRef

29.

Luo S, Xiao B, Hu Z, Liu S (2010) Effect of particle size on pyrolysis of single-component municipal solid waste in fixed bed reactor. Int J Hydrog Energy 35:93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2009.10.048CrossRef

30.

Tripathi M, Sahu JN, Ganesan P (2016) Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 55:467–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.122CrossRef

31.

Sogancioglu M, Ahmetli G, Yel E (2017) A comparative study on waste plastics pyrolysis liquid products quantity and energy recovery potential. Energy Procedia 118:221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.07.020CrossRef

32.

Al-Salem SM (2019) Thermal pyrolysis of high density polyethylene (HDPE) in a novel fixed bed reactor system for the production of high value gasoline range hydrocarbons (HC). Process Saf Environ Prot 127:171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSEP.2019.05.008CrossRef

33.

Prajapati N, Kodgire P, Singh Kachhwaha S (2022) Comparison of RSM based FFD and CCD Methods for biodiesel production using microwave technique. Mater Today Proc 62:6985–6991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.379CrossRef

34.

Shekarriz M, Khadivi R, Taghipoor S, Eslamian M (2014) Systematic synthesis of high surface area silica nanoparticles in the sol-gel condition by using the central composite design (CCD) method. Can J Chem Eng 92:828–834. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21921CrossRef

35.

Otoikhian K, Amune UO, Edogamhe K et al (2022) Design, fabrication and operational evaluation of a co-pyrolysis system for waste-plastics derived fuels: a study of Edo North. Am J Eng Appl Sci 15:32–42. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2022.32.42CrossRef

36.

Aisien FA, Aisien ET (2023) Production and characterization of liquid oil from the pyrolysis of waste high-density polyethylene plastics using spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst. Sustain Chem Clim Action 2:100020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scca.2023.100020CrossRef

37.

Hussein Z, Shakor Z, Alzuhairi M (2022) Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste: catalysts characterization and properties of the liquid products. J Appl Sci Nanotechnol 2:106–117. https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2022.4720.1140CrossRef

38.

Mueanmas C (2022) The optimization and parameters effect on distilled product from pyrolysis of LDPE based on RSM for Liquid fuel production. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Institute of Physics

39.

Salaudeen SA, Al-Salem SM, Sharma S, Dutta A (2021) Pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a fluidized bed reactor: pyro-wax and gas analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 60:18283–18292. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03373CrossRef

40.

Hero Istoto E, Saptadi S (2019) Production of fuels from HDPE and LDPE plastic waste via pyrolysis methods. E3S Web Conf 125:14011. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912514011

41.

Pandu Wirawan R (2019) Plastic waste pyrolysis optimization to produce fuel grade using factorial design. E3S Web Conf 125:13005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912513005

42.

Sharuddin SDA, Abnisa F, Daud WMAW, Aroua MK (2018) Pyrolysis of plastic waste for liquid fuel production as prospective energy resource. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Institute of Physics Publishing

43.

Li H, Mašek O, Harper A, Ocone R (2021) Kinetic study of pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste at different bed thickness in a fixed bed reactor. Can J Chem Eng 99:1733–1744. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.24123CrossRef

Title: Response surface design, modelling and analysis on pyrolysis of waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
Authors: K. Manickavelan
S. Sivaganesan
Mithun Vinayaka Kulkarni
S. Sivamani
Publication date: 18-11-2023
Publisher: Springer Japan
Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1438-4957
Electronic ISSN: 1611-8227
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-023-01846-x

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

Low-temperature biochars are more effective in reducing ammonia emissions through various mechanisms during manure composting

Addition of coco coir and rice hull ash improves the quality of seedling substrate based on green waste compost for Cucurbitaceae vegetable seedlings

A study on a blockchain-based waste classification management model and the effect evaluation of the model based on the entropy matter-element method

Behavior evolution of multiple stakeholders in the urban packaging waste recycling industry of China

Blast furnace sludge loaded with phosphate: a potential low-cost fertilizer

Sustainable composite cement prepared by two different types of iron slag