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2017 | Supplement | Chapter

10. Revision of the Contract (Hardship)

Author : İlhan Helvacı

Published in: Turkish Contract Law

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In determining the terms of a contract, the parties consider the existing circumstances that constitute the basis of the contract (e.g., cost, price, regulations related to performance, etc.). However, after the conclusion of the contract, a change in these circumstances may occur and significantly affect the obligations to be performed. For instance, the price of the raw materials to be used in the performance of the obligations may increase substantially, and consequently a fundamental imbalance in the rights, obligations and entitlements of the parties to the contract may arise.

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Aybay (2011), p. 136; Berger (2012), pp. 397–403; Engel (1997), pp. 785–794; Eren (2015), pp. 330–331, 480–487; Feyzioğlu (1977), pp. 467–481; Gauch et al. (2008), pp. 292–297; Honsell et al. (2003), art. 18, N. 95–125; Kılıçoğlu (2013), pp. 254–265; Nomer (2015), pp. 323–327; Oğuzman and Öz (2015), pp. 196–201, 559–564; Reisoğlu (2014), pp. 413–418; Schwenzer (2009), pp. 269–272; Serozan (2014), pp. 264–278; Tekinay et al. (1993), pp. 368–369, 1004–1007; Tercier (2004), pp. 177–179; Tercier et al. (2016), pp. 233–234, 305–313; Thévenoz and Werro (2012), art. 18, N. 193–215, and von Tuhr and Escher (1974), pp. 170–172. For further explanations see Gürsoy (1950), Kaplan (1987), Burcuoğlu (1995), Arat (2006), Baysal (2017).

Engel (1997), p. 786; Feyzioğlu (1977), pp. 469–470; Eren (2015), pp. 480–481.

Tekinay et al. (1993), p. 1004.

For further explanations see Erman (1979).

Termination of the contract takes effect retroactively (résolution, Rücktritt).

Termination of the contract takes effect prospectively (résiliation, Kündigung).

The parties may adopt a specific rule in their contract for supervening circumstances that may affect their obligations. In such a case, this rule will be applied in order to revise the contract. Gauch et al. (2008), p. 293; Berger (2012), p. 399; Oğuzman and Öz (2015), p. 196; Eren (2015), p. 483.

In this sense, von Tuhr and Escher (1974), § 74, IV, 6, p. 170.

Arat A (2006) Sözleşmenin değişen şartlara uyarlanması. Seçkin, Ankara

Aybay A (2011) Borçlar hukuku dersleri genel bölüm. Filiz, İstanbul

Baysal B (2017) Sözleşmenin uyarlanması. On iki levha, İstanbul

Berger B (2012) Allgemeines Schuldrecht. Stämpfli, Bern

Burcuoğlu H (1995) Son mahkeme kararları ve Yargıtay kararları ışığında hukukta beklenmeyen hal ve uyarlama, taşınmaz kirası sözleşmelerinde ve dövize endeksli kira sözleşmelerinde uyarlama uygulaması. Filiz, İstanbul

Engel P (1997) Traité des obligations en droit Suisse. Stämpfli, Bern

Eren F (2015) Borçlar hukuku genel hükümler. Yetkin, Ankara

Erman H (1979) İstisna sözleşmesinde beklenilmeyen haller (bk 365/2). Fakülteler, İstanbul

Feyzioğlu FN (1977) Borçlar hukuku genel hükümler, vol 2. Fakülteler, İstanbul

Gauch P, Schluep WR, Schmid J (2008) Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht, Allgemeiner Teil, vol 1. Schulthess, Zürich

Gürsoy KT (1950) Hususi hukukta clausula rebus sic stantibus - emprevizyon nazariyesi. Ankara üniversitesi, Ankara

Honsell H, Vogt NP, Wiegand W (eds) (2003) Basler Kommentar zum Schweizerischen Privatrecht, Obligationenrecht 1: Art. 1-529 OR. Helbing Lichtenhahn, Basel

Kaplan İ (1987) Hâkimin sözleşmeye müdahalesi (sözleşmenin yorumu - sözleşmenin tamamlanması - sözleşmenin değişen hal ve şartlara uydurulması). Seçkin, Ankara

Kılıçoğlu AM (2013) Borçlar hukuku genel hükümler. Turhan, İstanbul

Nomer HN (2015) Borçlar hukuku genel hükümler. Beta, İstanbul

Oğuzman K, Öz T (2015) Borçlar hukuku genel hükümler, vol 1. Vedat, İstanbul

Reisoğlu S (2014) Türk borçlar hukuku genel hükümler. Beta, İstanbul

Schwenzer I (2009) Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht, Allgemeiner Teil. Schulthess, Bern

Serozan R (2014) Borçlar hukuku genel bölüm, vol 3 (Kocayusufpaşaoğlu/Hatemi/Serozan/Arpacı). Filiz, İstanbul

Tekinay SS, Akman S, Burcuoğlu H, Altop A (1993) Tekinay borçlar hukuku genel hükümler. Filiz, İstanbul

Tercier P (2004) Le droit des obligations. Schulthess, Zurich

Tercier P, Pichonnaz P, Develioğlu HM (2016) Borçlar hukuku genel hükümler. On iki levha, İstanbul

Thévenoz L, Werro F (éd) (2012) Commentaire romand code des obligations 1: art. 1-529 CO. Helbing Lichtenhahn, Bâle

von Tuhr A, Escher A (1974) Allgemeiner Teil des Schweizerischen Obligationenrecht, vol 2. Schulthess, Zürich

Title: Revision of the Contract (Hardship)
Author: İlhan Helvacı
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Turkish Contract Law
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60060-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-60061-1

Copyright Year: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60061-1_10

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