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Published in:
Introduction: Ideologies in World Politics Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Revisiting and Revising World-Wide Neoliberalism

Author : Dieter Plehwe

Published in: Ideologies in World Politics

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Abstract

Ongoing controversies around the existence of neoliberalism can be resolved by way of more clearly delineating the neoliberal core. In addition to key concepts like property rights, freedom of contract and rule of law protecting property owners from discrete political intervention, the opposition to both laisser-faire liberalism and collectivism can be identified as central to the history and variety of neoliberalism within and beyond nation states. At the international level, neoliberals aimed at political arrangements that likewise protect property owners and promote economic globalization through GATT and the WTO, and a range of other international financial and regulatory organizations. To this end, neoliberal thought collectives within and around the Mont Pèlerin Society developed global performance indicators like the Economic Freedom Index, for example, which serve to direct and observe legislative and regulatory reform processes around the globe. Core values, principled beliefs and political approaches of the economic freedom movement subsequently have been institutionalized at the level of global financial institutions, where global performance indicators like the World Bank’s ease to do business index have started to exert epistemic authority way beyond the scope of the original neoliberal thought collectives and yet remain subject to contestations.

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Footnotes
1
Ample evidence can be presented by way of reading early pamphlets of Mont Pèlerin related think tanks like the Institute of Economic Affairs booklet “Pensions in a free society” (Seldon 1957).
 
2
“When we turn to equality, however, it should be said at once that true individualism is not equalitarian in the modern sense of the word. It can see no reason for trying to make people equal as distinct from treating them equally.” (Hayek 1948[1934], p. 30).
 
3
Michael Freeden’s (1996) great work on ideologies and political theory discusses Hayek as a pretender to liberalism and the work of Friedman and others enters the debate on American neoconservatism (pp. 208 f., pp. 399 f., respectively). It appears as if Freeden follows Kolev’s procedural understanding of liberalism and conservatism, though they clearly differ with regard to who belongs in the line and who does not. Freeden’s morphological approach to the study of ideologies and political theories allows instead to observe the formation and evolution of the new ideology of neoliberalism from both liberal and conservative conceptual roots, yet keeping a deliberate distance from both liberal and conservative ideologies for a considerable period of time.
 
4
Edwin J. Feulner, head of the Heritage Foundation and longtime secretary treasurer as well as president of the Mont Pèlerin Society vividly describes the problem of the term neoliberal in the US context. „The Mont Pelerin Society was founded… to uphold the principles of what Europeans call ‚liberalism‘ (as opposed to ‚statism‘) and what we Americans call ‚conservatism‘ (as opposed to ‚liberalism‘): free markets, limited governments, and personal liberty under the rule of law.“ (Feulner 1999, p. 2).
 
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Metadata
Title
Revisiting and Revising World-Wide Neoliberalism
Author
Dieter Plehwe
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Ideologies in World Politics

Print ISBN: 978-3-658-30511-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-30512-3

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30512-3_7