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2021 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Ruthenium-Containing Polymers

Authors: Prof. Dr. Ulrich S. Schubert, Dr. Andreas Winter, Prof. George R. Newkome

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book presents the synthetic methodologies as well as the properties and potential usage of various ruthenium-containing materials. Starting from the first examples of 'ruthenopolymers' reported in the 1970s to the 3D architectures now synthesized, these materials have shown their importance far beyond fundamental polymer science. As well as highlighting the remarkable properties and versatile applications, this book also addresses a key question related to the applications of such heavy-metal-containing materials from the perspective of achieving a sustainable future. This book is of interest to both materials scientists and chemists in academia and industry.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
In this chapter, the history of ruthenium and its complexes is discussed briefly. A general introduction of the various types metallopolymers, in particular those containing ruthenium centers, has also been presented.
Ulrich S. Schubert, Andreas Winter, George R. Newkome
Chapter 2. Polymers Incorporating Ru Complexes
Abstract
Ru complexes might represent integral parts of a polymer—either within the backbone, the side chains or at the chain ends. Such polymers can be prepared via different synthetic routes, which have been adapted from conventional polymer science. The different synthetic strategies and types of Ru-containing polymers are discussed, taking also their characterization, properties and (potential) applications into account. In this respect, opto-electronics, photovoltaics, catalysis, and medicine have to be named as prominent areas of research.
Ulrich S. Schubert, Andreas Winter, George R. Newkome
Chapter 3. Electropolymerization—An Item-Centered View on Ruthenopolymers
Abstract
The electrochemical polymerization of Ru-containing monomers generates polymers on semiconductor or electrode surfaces. The different techniques to prepare such thin metallopolymer films are summarized in this chapter. As before, the proposed applications, such as opto-electronics, catalysis or sensing, are evaluated.
Ulrich S. Schubert, Andreas Winter, George R. Newkome
Chapter 4. Ruthenodendrimers
Abstract
Dendrimers, i.e., highly branched, 3D macromolecular architectures, have been utilized to incorporate (or encapsulate) Ru complexes or nanoparticles. The different possibilities to reach this goal represent the core subject of this chapter. Competing with ruthenopolymers, ruthenodendrimers have inter alia been utilized in the context of catalysis and biomedicine; these as well as further applications (e.g., in the field of opto-electronics) are shown.
Ulrich S. Schubert, Andreas Winter, George R. Newkome
Chapter 5. Polymers and Small-Molecule Ru Species
Abstract
The blending of Ru complexes in polymers represents a straightforward alternative to the covalent or coordinative incorporation into polymer architectures. Though applications in the fields of opto-electronics (e.g., light-emitting electrochemical cells or diodes) or catalysis have been reported, an intrinsic limitation remains, which is bleaching. These aspects are discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, polymer staining is worth mentioning. The reaction between Ru species and polymers increases the electron-density contrast and, thus, facilitates the microscopy imaging of polymer samples. The history and important examples for this application are shown in the second half of the chapter.
Ulrich S. Schubert, Andreas Winter, George R. Newkome
Chapter 6. Metal–organic and Covalent Organic Frameworks Incorporating Ru Species
Abstract
The 3D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent highly ordered, solid-state materials, which are employed in various fields of research. Hybrid materials in which Ru complexes or nanoparticles are caged or incorporated are discussed in the contexts of photovoltaics or catalysis. In particular, the energy-related applications (e.g., CO2 reduction of the hydrogen-evolution reaction) have emerged as central fields of research.
Ulrich S. Schubert, Andreas Winter, George R. Newkome
Chapter 7. Polymer-Stabilized Ru Nanoparticles
Abstract
Ru nanoparticles are well-known for their high catalytic activity. In order to retain the catalytic performance and prevent agglomeration, such nanoparticles have to be stabilized by appropriate ligands. Besides a range of small molecules, macromolecular architectures have been utilized for this purpose. The different strategies to produced polymer-stabilized nanoparticles, which exhibit catalytic activity, are summarized in this chapter.
Ulrich S. Schubert, Andreas Winter, George R. Newkome
Metadata
Title
Ruthenium-Containing Polymers
Authors
Prof. Dr. Ulrich S. Schubert
Dr. Andreas Winter
Prof. George R. Newkome
Copyright Year
2021
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-75598-0
Print ISBN
978-3-030-75597-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75598-0

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