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2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Sabkhas, Saline Mudflats and Pans

Author : John K. Warren

Published in: Evaporites

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter looks at Quaternary depositional styles depositing saline sediments in ephemeral saline waters, focusing on modern evaporitic mudflats (sabkhas) and saline pans. These two settings encompass that part of the hydrological spectrum dominated by capillary and ephemeral at-surface brine hydrologies. Climatically, these settings tend to occur in arid deserts (Köppen zone: BW) in both coastal and continental interior arid settings where saline groundwaters are found with a metre of the landsurface. A saline watertable may sometimes outcrop for a short period and precipitate a layer of pan evaporites with primary textures before drying up once more. With drying the brine surface sinks into the sediment to become a watertable and the evaporite system switches to capillary evaporation with secondary (very early diagenetic) sabkha salts forming in the sediment host. The other modern hydrological setting where salt beds tend to form is that typified by perennial subaqueous brine hydrologies (primary textures) in coastal and continental settings and this will be the focus of the next chapter.

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previous chapter Depositional Chemistry and Hydrology

next chapter Subaqueous Salts: Salinas and Perennial Lakes

In the original Spanish, playa means beach or shoreline.

On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known as the “Persian Gulf”. This follows similar usage of Persian Gulf by the ancient Greek geographers, Strabo and Ptolemy, who in contrast, used Arabian Gulf to the refer to the Red Sea. With the rise of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, the name Arabian Gulf, not the Persian Gulf, become predominant in many Arab countries, initially as an expression of anti-American feeling in the Arab world, because until 1979 and the Iranian Revolution, America supported the of Shah of Iran. Since 1980, the term Arabian Gulf, is increasingly used by many Sunni-dominated Arab Gulf states to counter the rising power of the theocratic (Shia-dominated) Iranian (Persian) Republic.

In original Arabic, nabkha (nebkha) translates as “small sandy hillock”.

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Title: Sabkhas, Saline Mudflats and Pans
Author: John K. Warren
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Evaporites
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13511-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-13512-0

Copyright Year: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13512-0_3