Background
Simulation Model
Head Model
Head layers | Conductivity (S/m) | Relative permittivity | Mass density (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|
Skin | 1.1847 | 38.872 | 1010 |
Fat | 0.078,388 | 5.3494 | 920 |
Skull | 0.27,522 | 11.781 | 1810 |
Brain | 0.91,494 | 37.011 | 1040 |
Phone Model
Shield
Material properties
Materials | Conductivity (S/m) | Relative permittivity | Mass density (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|
Aluminium | 38,000,000 | 1 | 2689 |
Copper | 58,000,000 | 1 | 8933 |
Teflon | 0 | 2.1 | 2250 |
Glass | 0 | 5.5 | 2500 |
Plastic | 0 | 2.25 | 930 |
Air | 0 | 1.0006 | 1.1614 |
Germanium | 2.17 | 16.2 | 5350 |
Unknown materials | Conductivity (S/m) | Relative permittivity | Mass density (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|
Material 1 | 1 | 1 | 1000 |
Material 2 | 10 | 1 | 1000 |
Material 3 | 100 | 1 | 1000 |
Material 4 | 1 | 1 | 10,000 |
Material 5 | 1 | 1 | 20,000 |
Results and discussion
Shields made up of conductors
Shields made up of insulators
Shields made up of unknown materials
SAR calculation
Local SAR in W/kg | |
---|---|
Without shield | |
Skin | Brain |
6.1 | 1.1 |
Shield material | Local SAR in W/kg | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 cm thick shield | 0.2 cm thick shield | |||
Skin | Brain | Skin | Brain | |
Material 1 | 4.86 | 0.95 | 3.9 | 0.75 |
Material 2 | 3.07 | 0.59 | 1.71 | 0.37 |
Material 3 | 0.71 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.08 |
Material 4 | 4.85 | 0.92 | 3.88 | 0.76 |
Material 5 | 4.82 | 0.91 | 3.86 | 0.77 |
Shields made up of leather and germanium
SAR Calculation
Shield material | Local SAR in W/kg | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 cm thick shield | 0.2 cm thick shield | |||
Skin | Brain | Skin | Brain | |
Skin | 4.85 | 0.95 | 3.9 | 0.75 |
Germanium | 4.81 | 0.93 | 3.87 | 0.73 |
Conclusion
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Shield with slit having a thickness of 0.1 cm and made up of skin (leather) provides 20.49 % SAR reduction in the skin and 13.64 % SAR reduction in the brain with a change in return loss from −22.9 to −19.4 dB. Shield with slit having a thickness of 0.2 cm and made up of skin (leather) provides 36.07 % SAR reduction in the skin and 31.82 % SAR reduction in the brain with a change in return loss from −22.9 to −15.7 dB.
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Shield with slit having a thickness of 0.1 cm and made up of germanium provides 21.14 % SAR reduction in the skin and 15.45 % SAR reduction in the brain with a change in return loss from −22.9 to −17.2 dB. Shield with slit having a thickness of 0.2 cm and made up of germanium provides 36.55 % SAR reduction in the skin and 33.63 % SAR reduction in the brain with a change in return loss from −22.9 to −16.4 dB.