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2017 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Sedimentation Process and Design of Settling Systems

Author: Alak De

Publisher: Springer India

Book Series : Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book is designed to serve as a comprehensive source of information of sedimentation processes and design of settling systems, especially as applied to design of such systems in civil and environmental engineering. The book begins with an introduction to sedimentation as a whole and goes on to cover the development and details of various settling theories. The book traces the chronological developments of the comprehensive knowledge of settling studies and design of settling systems from 1889.A new concept of 'Velocity Profile Theorem', tool for settling problem analysis, has been employed to the analysis of the phenomenon of short circuiting. Complete theory of tube settling has been developed and its application to the computation of residual solids from the assorted solids through the same has been demonstrated. Experimental verification of the tube settling theory has also been presented. Field-oriented compatible design and operation methodology of settling system has been developed from the detailed study of a real settling system. New parameter for settling performance comparison appears to do justice for its purpose. Design methodology of high rate settling systems has been presented with worked out examples and the flexibility of control of operation has been shown. Lastly, along with the presentation of all the theories of 'Thickener Design' the same problem of thickening has been solved with all the methods to reveal the variation in the designed thickeners. The contents of this book will be useful to students, researchers, and professional engineers alike.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter introduces the term sedimentation, settling systems and the mode of presentation of varied aspects of subject of this book.
Alak De
Chapter 2. Developments in Settling Studies
Abstract
Literature on settling studies has been reviewed since 1889, and the salient chronological developments on the subject are outlined.
Alak De
Chapter 3. Velocity Profile Theorem
Abstract
Velocity Profile Theorem is a new concept. It is simple and can help solving the settling problem analysis through any settling system.
The simple concept has been introduced. The theorem has been employed to deduce ideal settling theory and establish the complete theory of tube settling.
Alak De
Chapter 4. Sedimentation Process
Abstract
Settling of solids is discussed, and its characteristic classification is presented.
Alak De
Chapter 5. Discrete Settling
Abstract
Settling velocity expression for a settling particle is deduced. Several methods for finding the setting velocity of a particle from the diameter and vice versa are presented. Computation of the ideal removal with the help of settling column test data has been demonstrated.
Alak De
Chapter 6. Flocculant Settling
Abstract
Flocculation and flocculant settling are discussed. Expressions for contacts between particles due to differential settling and velocity gradients are deduced. Computation of removal of flocculant solids from their settling column test data is demonstrated.
Alak De
Chapter 7. Zone Settling and Compression
Abstract
Sludge settling characteristics are discussed. Theories of zone settling and compression are presented. The theory is applied to the design of thickener in continuous operation. Design problem is solved in the way of illustration.
Alak De
Chapter 8. New Mode of Column Settling Data Analysis
Abstract
The modes of conventional analysis of ‘column settling data’ differ with nature of suspension. The methods are inadequate. The inadequacies are pointed out. A single method without any consideration to the nature of suspension and without any assumption is presented. The applications are illustrated with actual analysis of laboratory settling data.
Alak De
Chapter 9. Analysis of Short Circuiting Phenomena
Abstract
Hydraulic short circuiting is an important factor that impairs settling performance of settling tank. It has been shown that depth-wise variation of velocities produces short circuiting that does not impair settling, but the short circuiting resulting from widthwise variation of velocities does. Interestingly, this analysis resolves an age-old dilemma.
Alak De
Chapter 10. In Quest of Parameter for Settling Comparison
Abstract
In any settling performance study settling performance may have to be compared. This calls for a parameter reflective of settling tank characteristics only corresponding to overflow velocity. ‘Exponential efficiency’ is such a parameter. It has been defined and its simple determination is presented.
Alak De
Chapter 11. Design of Settling System: An Introduction
Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept application of compatibility between the system and the testing on which the system operates.
Alak De
Chapter 12. Simulation of Real System Settling in Jar Testing
Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the design of ‘jar testing procedure’ in compatibility with real system operation. This has also been shown how to set the real system in operation with a designed jar testing.
Alak De
Chapter 13. Compatible Design of a Real Settling System
Abstract
In the following, settling system has been designed following a procedure to actualise in the system the process of appropriate testing on which the system operation depends.
Alak De
Chapter 14. Shallow Depth Settling
Abstract
With an introductory presentation of the salient literature review on ‘shallow-depth sedimentation’, this chapter presents complete theory of ‘high-rate settling system’ without the application of ‘Velocity Profile Theorem’.
Alak De
Chapter 15. Verification of Tube Settling Theory
Abstract
This is a chapter on the ‘experimental verification’ of the ‘theory of tube settling’.
Alak De
Chapter 16. Residual of the Assorted Solids Through Shallow Depth Settler
Abstract
Based on the settling data of raw water suspension, a methodology to compute the residual concentration of solids through a tube settler is developed herein. Laboratory settling data has been employed to illustrate the numerical application of the methodology to work out the effluent concentration of solids through a given tube settler carrying the raw water suspension at a given rate.
Alak De
Chapter 17. Control Application on Design Parameters
Abstract
The removal of solids through a tube settler depends on the parameters like tube length (L ), tube radius (R), tube inclination (θ) and flow rate through the tube (Q). This chapter studies the limits of the parameters and the influence of their changes on critical velocity. The control application to the design of tube settler has been illustrated with a worked out example.
Alak De
Chapter 18. Design of High-Rate Settlers
Abstract
This chapter presents the design methodology for a high-rate settling system and demonstrates its application with worked-out problems.
Alak De
Chapter 19. Design of System Module for Couette Flow Settler
Abstract
Couette flow settling may prove to be an efficient application of shallow-depth sedimentation. The proper design of the settling system calls for the working out of the theory of settling in the system and the study of its control parameters.
The theory of couette flow settling has been developed, and the control parameters have been studied. Design procedure for the system has been presented and illustrated with the help of solution to a design problem for the system.
Alak De
Chapter 20. Design of Thickeners
Abstract
This chapter presents different theories of thickener design. These theories have been applied to the solution of the same problem, wherever applicable, to reveal the relative outcome of the solutions for comparison.
Alak De
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Sedimentation Process and Design of Settling Systems
Author
Alak De
Copyright Year
2017
Publisher
Springer India
Electronic ISBN
978-81-322-3634-4
Print ISBN
978-81-322-3632-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3634-4