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2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Semantic Enrichment of Mathematics via ‘tooltips’

Author : Ross Moore

Published in: Intelligent Computer Mathematics

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

A package mathsem for pdf- implements a way to provide semantic meaning to symbols, without adding a large syntactical burden to the specification of a mathematical expression. It uses a concept of ‘active comment’, allowing the ‘%’ character at the beginning of a new line to become an active token under highly-controlled circumstances. With a strictly defined syntax, words to express the semantic meaning of a variable (‘x’ say) can be associated with each occurrence of ‘x’ in the expression following. The words become content of a tooltip, that ‘pops-up’ by the symbol in a PDF document. The idea extends to:
1.
allow multiple instances of the same symbol have distinct meanings;
 
2.
attach semantics to macro-names as well as character symbols;
 
3.
allow nested tooltip rectangles, for sub-expressions;
 
4.
assign defaults to be attached to symbols and macros, at either global or local levels, to maintain consistency of meaning within extended portions of a document.
 
It is planned to use the same syntactical constructions to provide words for spoken ‘alternative text’, in the context of fully-tagged, accessible, mathematical content within PDF documents
Thanks to Michael Kohlhase for ideas suggesting such a package.

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Footnotes
1
pdfcomment , fancytooltips , cooltooltips . Click for links to CTAN.
 
2
This uses the \pdftooltip command from the pdfcomment package [7].
 
3
Not all PDF readers support tooltips; Adobe Reader \(^{\tiny \textregistered }\) is recommended.
 
5
Using \futurelet primitive command.
 
Literature
2.
go back to reference Groza, Tudor, Handschuh, Siegfried, Möller, Knud, Decker, Stefan: SALT - Semantically Annotated for Scientific Publications. In: Franconi, Enrico, Kifer, Michael, May, Wolfgang (eds.) ESWC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4519, pp. 518–532. Springer, Heidelberg (2007) Groza, Tudor, Handschuh, Siegfried, Möller, Knud, Decker, Stefan: SALT - Semantically Annotated https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-20615-8_24/MediaObjects/339830_1_En_24_Figan_HTML.gif for Scientific Publications. In: Franconi, Enrico, Kifer, Michael, May, Wolfgang (eds.) ESWC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4519, pp. 518–532. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
3.
go back to reference ISO 32000–1:2008; Document management – Portable document format (PDF 1.7); Technical Committee ISO/TC 171/SC 2, July 2008 ISO 32000–1:2008; Document management – Portable document format (PDF 1.7); Technical Committee ISO/TC 171/SC 2, July 2008
4.
go back to reference ISO 14289–1:2012; Document management applications - Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility - Part 1: Use of ISO 32000–1 (PDF/UA-1); Technical Committee ISO/TC 171/SC 2. Corrected version, December 2014 ISO 14289–1:2012; Document management applications - Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility - Part 1: Use of ISO 32000–1 (PDF/UA-1); Technical Committee ISO/TC 171/SC 2. Corrected version, December 2014
7.
go back to reference Kleber, J.: \({\sf {pdfcomment}}\) – A user-friendly interface to pdf annotations. package; available from CTAN; version 2.3a, September 2012 Kleber, J.: \({\sf {pdfcomment}}\) – A user-friendly interface to pdf annotations. https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-20615-8_24/MediaObjects/339830_1_En_24_Figas_HTML.gif package; available from CTAN; version 2.3a, September 2012
8.
go back to reference Knuth, D.E.: The . Addison Wesley (1984, 1986 and later revisions) Knuth, D.E.: The https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-20615-8_24/MediaObjects/339830_1_En_24_Figat_HTML.gif . Addison Wesley (1984, 1986 and later revisions)
9.
go back to reference Moore, R.R.: Ongoing efforts to generate “tagged PDF” using , Muni Press, 2009. Reprinted as: TUGboat, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 170–175 (2009) Moore, R.R.: Ongoing efforts to generate “tagged PDF” using https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-20615-8_24/MediaObjects/339830_1_En_24_Figau_HTML.gif , Muni Press, 2009. Reprinted as: TUGboat, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 170–175 (2009)
10.
go back to reference Moore, R.R.: Tagged mathematics in PDFs for accessibility and other purposes. In: CICM-WS-WiP 2013. CEUR Workshops Proceedings, vol. 1010, paper-01.pdf (2013) Moore, R.R.: Tagged mathematics in PDFs for accessibility and other purposes. In: CICM-WS-WiP 2013. CEUR Workshops Proceedings, vol. 1010, paper-01.pdf (2013)
11.
go back to reference Moore, Ross: PDF/A-3u as an Archival Format for Accessible Mathematics. In: Watt, Stephen M., Davenport, James H., Sexton, Alan P., Sojka, Petr, Urban, Josef (eds.) CICM 2014. LNCS, vol. 8543, pp. 184–199. Springer, Heidelberg (2014) Moore, Ross: PDF/A-3u as an Archival Format for Accessible Mathematics. In: Watt, Stephen M., Davenport, James H., Sexton, Alan P., Sojka, Petr, Urban, Josef (eds.) CICM 2014. LNCS, vol. 8543, pp. 184–199. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Metadata
Title
Semantic Enrichment of Mathematics via ‘tooltips’
Author
Ross Moore
Copyright Year
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20615-8_24

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