Top

Optical and Quantum Electronics

Published in:

01-03-2022

Sensors for photonic devices

Author: S. Kobtsev

Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics | Issue 3/2022

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This work analyses the current state of affairs related to built-in monitoring of laser radiation parameters. Attention is drawn to dearth of sensors that could measure spectral and temporal parameters of radiation at the sufficient level. A conclusion is drawn about importance of research and development and about the general progress in this field. New materials, novel technologies, and new ideas are able to facilitate development of new approaches to transformation of optical radiation parameters into electric signals and to extraction from those signals of higher-level information, to advance wireless operation and implementation of new integrated smart sensors, which are in great need.

previous article All-optical switching in a medium of a four-level vee-cascade atomic medium

next article A review on the optical properties of some germanium based chalcogenide thin films and their applications

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Affendy, N.B., Ngasri, N.A., Abidin, N.H., Muhammad, F.D., Bakar, M.H.: Linear cavity fiber laser intracavity refractive index sensor. In: 2020 IEEE 8th International Conference on Photonics (ICP), Kota Bharu, Malaysia, pp. 95–96 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP46580.2020.9206467

Alpaydin, E.: Introduction to Machine Learning, 4th edn. The MIT Press (2020). ISBN: 978-0-262-043793MATH

Amil, P., Soriano, M., Masoller, C.: Machine learning algorithms for predicting the amplitude of chaotic laser pulses. Chaos 29, 113111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5120755ADSMathSciNetCrossRef

Archbold, E., Ennos, A.E., Virdee, M.S.: Speckle photography for strain measurement—a critical assessment. Proc. SPIE (1978). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.956169CrossRef

Blokdyk, G.: Intelligent Devices, 2nd edn. 5STARCooks (2018). ISBN: 978-0-655-42777-3

Bradley, D.J., New, G.H.: Ultrashort pulse measurements. Proc. IEEE 62(3), 313–345 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1974.9427CrossRef

Bradley, D.J., Liddy, B., Sleat, W.E.: Direct linear measurement of ultrashort light pulses with a picosecond streak camera. Opt. Commun. 2(8), 391–395 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(71)90252-5ADSCrossRef

Braun, A., Rudd, J.V., Cheng, H., Mourou, G., Kopf, D., Jung, I.D., Weingarten, K.J., Keller, U.: Characterization of short-pulse oscillators by means of a high-dynamic-range autocorrelation measurement. Opt. Lett. 20, 1889–1891 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.20.001889ADSCrossRef

Bruce, G.D., O’Donnell, L., Chen, M., Dholakia, K.: Overcoming the speckle correlation limit to achieve a fiber wavemeter with attometer resolution. Opt. Lett. 44, 1367–1370 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.001367ADSCrossRef

Bruce, G.D., O’Donnell, L., Chen, M., Facchin, M., Dholakia, K.: Femtometer-resolved simultaneous measurement of multiple laser wavelengths in a speckle wavemeter. Opt. Lett. 45, 1926–1929 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.388960ADSCrossRef

Burkov, A.: Machine Learning Engineering. True Positive Inc. (2020). ISBN: 978-1-999-579579

Cai, Y., Feng, B., Fan, K.: Construction of a compact laser wavemeter with compensation of laser beam drift. Proc. SPIE 11053, 1105319 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509514CrossRef

Chakrabarti, M., Jakobsen, M., Hanson, S.: Speckle-based spectrometer. Opt. Lett. 40, 3264–3267 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.40.003264ADSCrossRef

Charrett, T., Bandari, Y., Michel, F., Ding, J., Williams, S., Tatam, R.: A non-contact laser speckle sensor for the measurement of robotic tool speed. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 53, 187–196 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2018.04.007CrossRef

Chen, J., Liu, B., Zhang, H.: Review of fiber Bragg grating sensor technology. Front. Optoelectron. China 4(2), 204–212 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-011-0130-4CrossRef

Chen, J., Zhang, J., Luo, Z., Zhang, J., Li, L., Su, Y., Gao, X., Li, Y., Tang, W., Cao, C., Liu, Q., Wang, L., Li, H.: Superelastic, sensitive, and low hysteresis flexible strain sensor based on wave-patterned liquid metal for human activity monitoring. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 22200–22211 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c04709CrossRef

Chow, J.H., McClelland, D.E., Gray, M.B., Littler, I.C.M.: Demonstration of a passive subpicostrain fiber strain sensor. Opt. Lett. 30(15), 1923–1925 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.30.001923ADSCrossRef

Constantinoiu, I., Viespe, C.: Development of Pd/TiO₂ porous layers by pulsed laser deposition for surface acoustic wave H2 gas sensor. Nanomaterials 10, 760 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040760CrossRef

Dobosz, M., Kożuchowski, M.: Overview of the laser-wavelength measurement methods. Opt. Lasers Eng. 98, 107–117 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2017.06.006CrossRef

Du, J., Nan, Z.: Research on the intelligent model of progress in physical education training based on motion sensor. Microprocess. Microsyst. 82, 103903 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2021.103903CrossRef

Duchemin, C., Thomas, F., Martin, B., Morino, E., Puget, R., Oliveres, R., Bonneville, C., Gonthiez, T., Valognes, N.: Development of an integrated sub-picometric SWIFTS-based wavelength meter. Proc. SPIE 10110, 1011016 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2249860CrossRef

Facchin, M., Dholakia, K., Bruce, G.: Wavelength sensitivity of the speckle patterns produced by an integrating sphere. J. Phys. Photonics 3, 035005 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac107aADSCrossRef

Fang, Z., Chin, K., Qu, R., Cai, H., Chang, K.: Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Sensors. Wiley (2012). ISBN: 978-0-470-57540-6CrossRef

Fork, R.L., Beisser, F.A.: Real-time intensity autocorrelation interferometer. Appl. Opt. 17(22), 3534–3535 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.17.003534ADSCrossRef

Freude, W., Fritzsche, C., Grau, G., Shan-da, L.: Speckle interferometry for spectral analysis of laser sources and multimode optical waveguides. J. Light. Technol. LT-4(1), 64–72 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.1986.1074634ADSCrossRef

Fu, Y., Mechitov, K., Hoang, T., Kim, J.R., Lee, D.H., Spencer, B.F.: Development and full-scale validation of high-fidelity data acquisition on a next-generation wireless smart sensor platform. Adv. Struct. Eng. 22(16), 1–22 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219866093CrossRef

García-Márquez, J., Surrel, Y., Millerioux, Y.: Laser wavelength measurement with fibre lambda meter. Electron. Lett. 39(21), 1509–1511 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20030983ADSCrossRef

Genty, G., Salmela, L., Dudley, J.M., Brunner, D., Kokhanovskiy, A., Kobtsev, S., Turitsyn, S.K.: Machine learning and applications in ultrafast photonics. Nat. Photonics 15, 91–101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-00716-4ADSCrossRef

Giallorenzi, T., Bucaro, J., Dandridge, A., Sigel, G., Cole, J., Rashleigh, S., Priest, R.: Optical fiber sensor technology. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 18(4), 626–665 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1982.1071566ADSCrossRef

Gonzalez-Reyna, M.A., Alvarado-Mendez, E., Estudillo-Ayala, J.M., Vargas-Rodriguez, E., Sosa-Morales, M.E., Sierra-Hernandez, J.M., Jauregui-Vazquez, D., Rojas-Laguna, R.: Laser temperature sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(11), 1141–1144 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2015.2406572ADSCrossRef

Goodman, J.W.: Speckle Phenomena in Optics: Theory and Applications, 2nd edn. SPIE Press (2020). ISBN: 978-1-510-631489CrossRef

Grattan, L.S., Meggitt, B.T. (eds.): Optical Fiber Sensor Technology: Fundamentals. Springer (2013). ISBN: 978-0-792-37852-5

Grattan, K.T., Sun, T.: Fiber optic sensor technology: an overview. Sens. Actuators 82, 40–61 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(99)00368-4CrossRef

Gupta, R.K., Bruce, G.D., Powis, S.J., Dholakia, K.: Deep learning enabled laser speckle wavemeter with a high dynamic range. Laser Photonics Rev. 14(9), 2000120 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202000120ADSCrossRef

Han, N., West, G.N., Atabaki, A.H., Burghoff, D., Ram, R.J.: Compact and high-precision wavemeters using the Talbot effect and signal processing. Opt. Lett. 44, 4187–4190 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.004187ADSCrossRef

Hanson, S.G., Jakobsen, M.L., Chakrabarti, M.: The dynamic speckle-based wavemeter. Proc. SPIE 10834, 108342D (2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2319873CrossRef

Hao, X., Tong, Z., Zhang, W., Cao, Y.: A fiber laser temperature sensor based on SMF core-offset structure. Opt. Commun. 335, 78–81 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.08.065ADSCrossRef

Hirayama, T., Sheik-Bahae, M.: Real-time chirp diagnostic for ultrashort laser pulses. Opt. Lett. 27(10), 860–862 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.27.000860ADSCrossRef

Hornig, G.J., Harrison, T.R., Bu, L., Azmayesh-Fard, S., Decorby, R.G.: Wavemeter based on dispersion and speckle in a tapered hollow waveguide. OSA Contin. 2, 495–506 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.2.000495CrossRef

Hu, X., Dong, M., Zhu, Z., Gao, W., Rosales-Guzmán, C.: Does the structure of light influence the speckle size? Sci. Rep. 10, 199 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56964-0ADSCrossRef

Imasaka, T., Hamachi, A., Okuno, T., Imasaka, T.: A simple method for the evaluation of the pulse width of an ultraviolet femtosecond laser used in two-photon ionization mass spectrometry. Appl. Sci. 6, 136 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/app6050136CrossRef

Ishikawa, J., Ito, N., Tanaka, K.: Accurate wavelength meter for cw lasers. Appl. Opt. 25(5), 639–643 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.25.000639ADSCrossRef

Janiczek, R., Pisarek, J., Wojciechowski, A.: The speckle sensor of vibration. Proc. SPIE (2003). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.520773CrossRef

Jones, T.B., Otterstrom, N., Jackson, J., Archibald, J., Durfee, D.S.: Laser wavelength metrology with color sensor chips. Opt. Express 23(25), 32471–32480 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.032471ADSCrossRef

Kaufmann, G. (ed.): Advances in Speckle Metrology and Related Techniques. Wiley-VCH (2011). ISBN: 978-3-527-409570

Kersey, A.D.: A review of recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology. Opt. Fiber Technol. 2, 291–317 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1006/ofte.1996.0036ADSCrossRef

Kersey, A.D., Davis, M.A., Patrick, H.J., LeBlanc, M., Koo, K.P., Askins, C.G., Putnam, M.A., Friebele, E.J.: Fiber grating sensors. J. Lightwave Technol. 15(8), 1442–1463 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1109/50.618377ADSCrossRef

Khramov, I., Shaidullin, R., Ryabushkin, O.: Metal-coated fiber sensor for laser radiation power measurements. Opt. Eng. 58(7), 072012 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.58.7.072012ADSCrossRef

Kim, H.J., Shin, H.Y., Pyeon, C.H., Kim, S., Lee, B.: Fiber-optic humidity sensor system for the monitoring and detection of coolant leakage in nuclear power plants. Nucl. Eng. Technol. 52(8), 1689–1696 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2020.01.027CrossRef

Kitagawa, Y., Hayashi, A.: Fiber-optic sensor for distance and velocity measurements using speckle dynamics. Appl. Opt. 24(7), 955–959 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.000955ADSCrossRef

Kong, S.H., Wijngaards, D.D.L., Wolffenbuttel, R.F.: Infrared micro-spectrometer based on a diffraction grating. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 92(1–3), 88–95 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00544-1CrossRef

Kues, M., Reimer, C., Wetzel, B., Roztocki, P., Little, B.E., Chu, S.T., Hansson, T., Viktorov, E.A., Moss, D.J., Morandotti, R.: Passively mode-locked laser with an ultra-narrow spectral width. Nat. Photonics 11, 159–162 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.271ADSCrossRef

Lee, B.: Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors. Opt. Fiber Technol. 9, 57–79 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1068-5200(02)00527-8ADSCrossRef

Li, D., Jussila, H., Wang, Y., Hu, G., Albrow-Owen, T., Howe, R.C., Ren, Z., Bai, J., Hasan, T., Sun, Z.: Wavelength and pulse duration tunable ultrafast fber laser modelocked with carbon nanotubes. Sci. Rep. 8, 2738 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21108-3ADSCrossRef

Liu, X., Cui, Y.: Flexible pulse-controlled fiber laser. Sci. Rep. 5, 9399 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09399ADSCrossRef

Lotfi, F., Sang-Nourpour, N., Kheradmand, R.: High-sensitive plasmonic sensor based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Laser Technol. 137, 106809 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106809CrossRef

Mandelis, A., Christofides, C.: Physics, Chemistry and Technology of Solid State Gas Sensor Devices. Wiley-Interscience (1993). ISBN: 978-0-471-558859

Mandrosov, V.I.: Coherent Fields and Images in Remote Sensing. SPIE Press (2004). ISBN: 978-0-819-451903CrossRef

McLaughlin, J.L.: Focus-position sensing using laser speckle. Appl. Opt. 18(7), 1042–1045 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.001042ADSCrossRef

Metzger, N., Spesyvtsev, R., Bruce, G., Miller, B., Maker, G., Malcolm, G., Mazilu, M., Dholakia, K.: Harnessing speckle for a sub-femtometre resolved broadband wavemeter and laser stabilization. Nat. Commun. 8, 15610 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15610ADSCrossRef

Mihailovic, P., Petricevic, S., Stojkovic, Z., Radunovic, J.: Development of a portable fiber-optic current sensor for power systems monitoring. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(1), 24–30 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2003.821500CrossRef

Morris, M.B., Mcllrath, T.J., Snyder, J.J.: Fizeau wavemeter for pulsed laser wavelength measurement. Appl. Opt. 23(21), 3862–3868 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.003862ADSCrossRef

Moser, H., Pölz, W., Waclawek, J.P., Ofner, J., Lendl, B.: Implementation of a quantum cascade laser-based gas sensor prototype for sub-ppmv H2S measurements in a petrochemical process gas stream. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 409, 729–739 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9923-zCrossRef

Nguyen, A.Q., Dao, V.T., Shimonomura, K., Takehara, K., Etoh, T.G.: Toward the ultimate-high-speed image sensor: from 10 ns to 50 ps. Sensors 18, 2407 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082407ADSCrossRef

Ouedraogo, K., Topsua, S., Chassagne, L., Ruaux, P., Cagneau, B., Alayli, Y.: Compact and accurate concept of laser wavemeters based on ellipsometry. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 055102 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3585975ADSCrossRef

Owji, E., Mokhtari, H., Ostovari, F., Darazereshki, B., Shakiba, N.: 2D materials coated on etched optical fibers as humidity sensor. Sci. Rep. 11, 1771 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79563-wADSCrossRef

Pinot, P., Silvestri, Z.: New laser power sensor using diamagnetic levitation. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 085003 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4997961ADSCrossRef

Power, E., Pentland, J., Nees, J., Hauri, C.P., Merano, M., Lopez-Martens, R., Mourou, G.: All-reflective high fringe contrast autocorrelator for measurement of ultrabroadband optical pulses. Opt. Lett. 31, 3514–3516 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.31.003514ADSCrossRef

Pu, G., Yi, L., Zhang, L., Hu, W.: Genetic algorithm-based fast real-time automatic mode-locked fiber laser. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 32(1), 7–10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2019.2954806ADSCrossRef

Rajan, G. (ed.): Optical Fiber Sensors. Advanced Techniques and Applications. CRC Press (2020). ISBN: 978-0-367-65605-8

Redding, B., Alam, M., Seifert, M., Cao, H.: High-resolution and broadband all-fiber spectrometers. Optica 1, 175–180 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.1.000175ADSCrossRef

Richter, D., Lancaster, D.G., Tittel, F.K.: Development of an automated diode-laser-based multicomponent gas sensor. Appl. Opt. 39(24), 4444–4450 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.39.004444ADSCrossRef

Rose, B., Imam, H., Hanson, S.: Non-contact laser speckle sensor for measuring one- and two-dimensional angular displacement. J. Opt. 29, 115–120 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1088/0150-536X/29/3/003ADSCrossRef

Russell, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Pearson (2020). ISBN: 978-0-134-610993MATH

Schmid, P., Stephan, W.: Characterization of laser diodes by measuring the speckle contrast at the end of a multimode fiber. J. Opt. Commun. 5(1), 32–36 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-1984-0108CrossRef

Schubert, O., Riek, C., Junginger, F., Sell, A., Leitenstorfer, A., Huber, R.: Ultrashort pulse characterization with a terahertz streak camera. Opt. Lett. 36, 4458–4460 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.36.004458ADSCrossRef

Silipigni, L., Salvato, G., Fazio, B., Marco, G.D., Proverbio, E., Cutroneo, M., Torrisid, A., Torrisia, L.: Temperature sensor based on IR-laser reduced graphene oxide. J. Instrum. 15(4), C04006 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/04/C04006CrossRef

Sinha, S., Makkar, P.: Chapter 1: wireless sensor networks: concepts, components, and challenges. In: Security and Privacy Issues in IoT Devices and Sensor Networks, pp. 1–27. Academic Press (2021). ISBN: 978-0-128-21255-4

Smirnov, S., Kobtsev, S., Kukarin, S., Ivanenko, A.: Three key regimes of single pulse generation per round trip of all-normal-dispersion fiber lasers mode-locked with nonlinear polarization rotation. Opt. Express 20(24), 27447–27453 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.027447ADSCrossRef

Smirnov, S.V., Kobtsev, S.M., Turitsyn, S.K.: Wide variability of generation regimes in mode-locked fibre lasers. In: Boscolo, S., Finot, C. (eds.) Chapter 14 in book Shaping Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers. Wiley (2017). ISBN: 978-1-119-08812-7

Snyder, J.J.: Compact static wavelength meter for both pulsed and CW lasers. Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 8(8), 959–960 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1070/QE1978v008n08ABEH010622ADSCrossRef

Solomakha, D.A., Toropov, A.K.: Laser wavelength measurements (review). Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 7(8), 929–942 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1070/QE1977v007n08ABEH012671ADSCrossRef

Stetson, K.A.: Speckle metrology. In: Optical Metrology, NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences), vol. 131, pp. 499–512. Springer (1987). ISBN: 978-9-401-081153

Stoller, P., Panousis, E., Carstensen, J., Doiron, C., Färber, R.: Speckle measurements of density and temperature profiles in a model gas circuit breaker. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 48, 015501 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/1/015501ADSCrossRef

Tong, Y.C., Chan, L.Y., Tsang, H.K.: Fibre dispersion or pulse spectrum measurement using a sampling oscilloscope. Electron. Lett. 33(11), 983–984 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19970663ADSCrossRef

Trebino, R.: Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating: The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses. Springer (2012). ISBN: 978-1-4615-1181-6

Trebino, R., Guang, Z., Zhu, P., Rhodes, M.: The measurement of ultrashort laser pulses. In: 2018 2nd URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting (AT-RASC), Meloneras, pp. 1–3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.23919/URSI-AT-RASC.2018.8471619

Trebino, R., Jafari, R., Akturk, S.A., Bowlan, P., Guang, Z., Zhu, P., Escoto, E., Steinmeyer, G.: Highly reliable measurement of ultrashort laser pulses. J. Appl. Phys. 128, 171103 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022552ADSCrossRef

Valeske, B., Osman, A., Römer, F., Tschuncky, R.: Next generation NDE sensor systems as IoT elements of Industry 4.0. Res. Nondestruct. Eval. 31(5–6), 340–369 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2020.1841862ADSCrossRef

Walmsley, I.A., Dorrer, C.: Characterization of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses. Adv. Opt. Photonics 1, 308–437 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.1.000308ADSCrossRef

Wan, Y., Wang, S., Fan, X., Zhang, Z., He, Z.: High-resolution wavemeter using Rayleigh speckle obtained by optical time domain reflectometry. Opt. Lett. 45, 799–802 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.384248ADSCrossRef

Wan, Y., Fan, X., He, Z.: Review on speckle-based spectrum analyzer. Photonic Sens. 11, 187–202 (2021a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-021-0628-3ADSCrossRef

Wan, Y., Fan, X., Wang, S., Zhang, Z., Xu, B., He, Z.: Rayleigh speckle-based wavemeter with high dynamic range and fast reference speckle establishment process assisted by optical frequency combs. Opt. Lett. 46, 1241–1244 (2021b). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.419539ADSCrossRef

Wang, S., Liu, S., Ni, W., Wu, S., Lu, P.: Dual-wavelength highly-sensitive refractive index sensor. Opt. Express 25(13), 14389–14396 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.014389ADSCrossRef

Wang, Z., Yi, S., Chen, A., Zhou, M., Luk, T.S., James, A., Nogan, J., Ross, W., Joe, G., Shahsafi, A., Wang, K.X., Kats, M.A., Yu, Z.: Single-shot on-chip spectral sensors based on photonic crystal slabs. Nat. Commun. 10, 1020 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08994-5ADSCrossRef

Wang, T., Lia, Y., Xu, B., Mao, B., Qiu, Y., Meng, Y.: High-resolution wavemeter based on polarization modulation of fiber speckles. APL Photonics 5, 126101 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0028788ADSCrossRef

Wang, X., Chen, T., Meng, D., Wang, F.: A simple FBG Fabry-Perot sensor system with high sensitivity based on fiber laser beat frequency and Vernier effect. IEEE Sens. J. 21(1), 71–75 (2021a). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2974501ADSCrossRef

Wang, T., Li, Y., Gao, X., Tao, J., Wang, X., Liang, Q., Qiu, Y., Mao, Y., Meng, B.: A camera free fiber speckle wavemeter (2021b). arXiv:2102.11067. https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.11067

White, J.D., Scholten, R.E.: Compact diffraction grating laser wavemeter with sub-picometer accuracy and picowatt sensitivity using a webcam imaging sensor. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 113104 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4765744ADSCrossRef

Wollin, D.A., Ackerman, A., Yang, C., Chen, T., Simmons, W.N., Preminger, G.M., Lipkin, M.E.: Variable pulse duration from a new Ho:YAG laser: the effect on stone comminution, fiber tip degradation, and retropulsion in a dusting model. Urology 103, 47–51 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.01.007CrossRef

Xiang, C., Tran, M.A., Komljenovic, T., Hulme, J., Davenport, M., Baney, D., Szafraniec, B., Bowers, J.E.: Integrated chip-scale Si₃N₄ wavemeter with narrow free spectral range and high stability. Opt. Lett. 41, 3309–3312 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.41.003309ADSCrossRef

Xiong, W., Gertler, S., Yilmaz, H., Cao, H.: Multimode-fiber-based single-shot full-field measurement of optical pulses. Opt. Lett. 45, 2462–2465 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.388616ADSCrossRef

Xu, Z., Sun, Q., Li, B., Luo, Y., Lu, W., Liu, D., Shum, P.P., Zhang, L.: Highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on cascaded microfiber knots with Vernier effect. Opt. Express 23, 6662–6672 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.006662ADSCrossRef

Yamaguchi, I.: A laser-speckle strain gauge. J. Phys. E Sci. Instrum. 14, 1270–1273 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/14/11/012ADSCrossRef

Zapata-Farfan, J., Contreras-Martínez, R., Rosete-Aguilar, M., Garduño-Mejíaa, J., Castro-Marín, P., Rodríguez-Herrera, O.G., Bruce, N.C., Ordóñez-Pérez, M., Qureshi, N., Ascanio, G.: Low-energy/pulse response and high-resolution-CMOS camera for spatiotemporal femtosecond laser pulses characterization @ 1.55 μm. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90, 045116 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5071447ADSCrossRef

Zhang, L.: Ultra-narrow laser linewidth measurement based on distributed Rayleigh scattering speckle in optical fiber. Proc. SPIE 11555, 115550Q (2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2573922CrossRef

Zhang, Y., Hou, Y., Liu, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Guo, J., Liu, J., Zhang, L., Tan, Q.: A cost-effective relative humidity sensor based on side coupling induction technology. Sensors 17, 944 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17050944ADSCrossRef

Zhang, E., Lu, D., Zhang, S., Gui, X., Guan, H., Zhang, Z., Lin, Y., Ming, J., Hong, J., Dong, J., Wang, X., Qiu, W., Zhu, W., Yu, J., Lu, H., Chen, Z.: High-sensitivity fiber-optic humidity sensor based on microfiber overlaid with niobium disulfide. J. Mater. Sci. 55, 16576–16587 (2020a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05230-0ADSCrossRef

Zhang, Z., Wei, W., Sun, G., Zeng, X., Fan, W., Tang, L., Li, Y.: All-fiber short-pulse vortex laser with adjustable pulse width. Laser Phys. 30, 055102 (2020b). https://doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ab8641ADSCrossRef

Zhang, Z., Fan, X., Wang, S., Zhao, S., Wang, B., Wan, Y., He, Z.: A Novel wavemeter with 64 attometer spectral resolution based on Rayleigh speckle obtained from single-mode fiber. J. Lightwave Technol. 38, 4548–4554 (2020c). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2020.2986385ADSCrossRef

Zhao, S., Liu, Q., Chen, J., He, Z.: Resonant fiber-optic strain and temperature sensor achieving thermal-noise-limit resolution. Opt. Express 29, 1870–1878 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.415611ADSCrossRef

Title: Sensors for photonic devices
Author: S. Kobtsev
Publication date: 01-03-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Optical and Quantum Electronics / Issue 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0306-8919
Electronic ISSN: 1572-817X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03453-2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Other articles of this Issue 3/2022

The characterization of amorphous AZO-n/Si-p hetrojunction diode for solar cell application

Recent advances on all-optical photonic crystal analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

Spectral tuning in quantum rings by magnetic field: detection from NIR to FIR regime

Elastic and piezoelectric properties of ZnxCd1−xS crystals

Thermal response of electronic, optical, mechanical properties, phonon frequencies, and sound velocity of InPxAsySb1−x−y/InAs quaternary semiconductor system

Enhanced absorption in black phosphorene on adsorption of Li and K for use in energy conversion applications