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Published in:
2005 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
Settlement of the surface
Published in: Tunnelling and Tunnel Mechanics
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Apart from the assessment of stability, the determination of settlements at the surface is very important in tunnelling. However, in geotechnical engineering, deformations can be forecast with less accuracy than stability. This is mainly because the ground has a nonlinear stress-strain-relationship, so that one hardly knows the distribution of the stiffnesses. We consider here some rough estimations of the settlement of the ground surface due to the excavation of a tunnel. One should be aware of their limited accuracy.