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Agri-Food Law: Term, Development, Structures, System and Framework Read chapter Read first chapter

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Soil Protection Law

Authors : Klaus-Christian Fritzsche, Lena Jahrmarkt, Yumei Li

Published in: Handbook of Agri-Food Law in China, Germany, European Union

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Soil is a precious natural resource, its quality is essential for achieving food security, nutrition and health, climate change adaptation and mitigation, ecosystem services, poverty reduction and livelihood security, sustainable development, etc. However multi-use soils have not actually been properly assessed as valuable resources for a long time, deducing that humanity is under threat from soil degradation and environmental pollution. Healthy soils are the foundation of food production, and also necessary for food security and sustainable development. “If humanity’s overarching need for food security and nutrition, climate change mitigation and sustainable development is to be met, soil resources have to be given the global attention they deserve,” said Achouri.

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previous chapter Water Resources Law
next chapter Climate Change Law
Footnotes
1
Healthy soils are the foundation of food production, see http://​www.​fao.​org/​news/​story/​zh/​item/​284239/​icode. Accessed 13 February 2017.
 
8
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification. http://​www.​npc.​gov.​cn/​wxzl/​gongbao/​1996-12/​30/​content_​1481396.​htm. Accessed 7 February 2017.
 
9
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutant. http://​www.​npc.​gov.​cn/​wxzl/​gongbao/​2004-08/​04/​content_​5332195.​htm. Accessed 7 February 2017.
 
10
On this discussion cf. Sanden (2010), p. 225; also Schrader (2009), p. 747; see also Ginzky (2008), p. 188; Ginzky (2010), p. 1.
 
11
On this discussion cf. Möckel (2014), p. 14; as well as Ginzky (2008), p. 188.
 
12
Using the term of “latercomer”, the BBodSchG compared to the Water Resources Act and to the Federal Immission Control Act is described by Vierhaus (1998), p. 1262; cf. as well Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 350.
 
13
Cf. Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 689.
 
14
BT-Drs. VI/2710 of 14.10.1971.
 
15
BT-Drs. 10/2977 of 07.03.1985.
 
16
Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 350; as states Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 689.
 
17
Gesetz zum Schutz vor schädlichen Bodenveränderungen und zur Sanierung von Altlasten (Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz—BBodSchG) of 17 March 1998 (BGBl. I S. 502), last changes by Article 5 (30) of the Law of 24 February 2012 (BGBl. I S. 212); concerning the development of the draft law until its coming into force cf. the overview of Kobes (1998), p. 786.
 
18
Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 350; concerning the relation of the BBodSchG to Soil Protection Acts on a state level cf. Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 776 ff.
 
19
See the estimation of Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 689.
 
20
Using the term of an “overall conception” and rejecting an “integrative approach” cf. Erbguth and Schlacke (2012), p. 353; talking about a “mosaic of regulations” Hoppe et al. (2000), p. 654.
 
21
Bundes-Bodenschutz- und Altlastenverordnung of 12 July 1999 (BGBl. I S. 1554), last changes by Article 5 (31) of the Law of 24 February 2012 (BGBl. I S. 212).
 
22
Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 353.
 
23
See Frenz (2000), § 3 recital 5; Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 693.
 
24
Compare the arguments of Frenz (2000), § 3 recital 5; Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 693.
 
25
Cf. Frenz (2000), § 3 recital 3.
 
26
Using this term, cf. instead of many Frenz (2000), § 3 recital 1.
 
27
Concerning the term of “operational objectives” see Hoppe et al. (2000), p. 659; for the term “principle” cf. Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 359.
 
28
See Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 358.
 
29
On this Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 358.
 
30
That way Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 358.
 
31
Cf. Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 367.
 
32
On this issue Frenz (2000), § 21 recital 8.
 
33
The two-part approach of the forecast is stressed by Frenz (2000), § 21 recital 9.
 
34
See Frenz (2000), § 21 recital 8.
 
35
Cf. Landel et al. (2000), § 21 recital 7 f.
 
36
See Frenz (2000), § 21 recital 10; also Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 737; until now, no research has been done upon the question to what extent the federate states have actually used the instrument of planning of soil protection, cf. Möckel et al. (2014), p. 120. https://​www.​umweltbundesamt.​de/​sites/​default/​files/​medien/​378/​publikationen/​texte_​42_​2014_​rechtliche_​und_​andere_​instrumente.​pdf. Accessed 19 June 2017.
 
37
Cf. Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 367.
 
38
This way Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 368.
 
39
See Frenz (2000), § 9 recital 6.
 
40
Cf. Frenz (2000), § 9 recital 15.
 
41
See on this question Frenz (2000), § 9 recital 17 f.
 
42
Frenz (2000), § 9 recital 20.
 
43
The term of the responsible person in the Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz is manifold and thus shall be scrutinised later on.
 
44
Cf. Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 725.
 
45
Such Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 371.
 
46
See Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 372; cf. also Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 716.
 
47
Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 373.
 
48
On this Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 717.
 
49
Cf. Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 373; using the same classification Klöpfer (2004), p. 1072.
 
50
Defining the extent of remediation in this way Klöpfer (2004), p. 1073.
 
51
Klöpfer (2004), p. 1073.
 
52
Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 377; cf. on complex remediation cases as well Scherer-Leydecker (2012), p. 729 ff.
 
53
On the duty of precaution of § 7 BBodSchG, taking especially into consideration the privileged status of agriculture see Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 792 f.
 
54
Concerning the order of desealing areas see Hoppe et al. (2000), p. 679 ff.
 
55
Cf. on this Erbguth and Stollmann (2001), recital 111.
 
56
Cf. Senftleben (2008), p. 64.
 
57
Cf. on the exemptions of the farmer from the duty of precaution as stated in § 7 and 17 section 1 and 2 BBodSchG Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 792 ff.
 
58
Cf. on the principle of the code of good practice in the law of soil protection also Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 796 ff.
 
59
This is a result of the classification as an instrument of indirect behaviour control, cf. Erbguth and Schlacke (2014), p. 380; see also Möckel et al. (2014), p. 119. https://​www.​umweltbundesamt.​de/​sites/​default/​files/​medien/​378/​publikationen/​texte_​42_​2014_​rechtliche_​und_​andere_​instrumente.​pdf. Accessed 19 June 2017.
 
60
For the following list see also the explanations of Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 796 ff.
 
62
Concerning the basic principles of these recommendations of action see Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 797 ff.
 
63
Cf. on propositions for a reform of the code of good practice Möckel (2014), p. 14; Möckel et al. (2014), p. 367 ff. https://​www.​umweltbundesamt.​de/​sites/​default/​files/​medien/​378/​publikationen/​texte_​42_​2014_​rechtliche_​und_​andere_​instrumente.​pdf. Accessed 19 June 2017.
 
64
On the three-step regulatory approach of § 17 section 3 BBodSchG see the analysis of Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 811 ff.
 
65
The list of the remaining cases of application is stated as such by Neumann (2012), ch 21, p. 812.
 
66
Up to date, there is no reliable data to which extent the farmers actually abide to the code of good practice and thus it cannot be assessed if the code may cause an improvement in soil protection, cf. sceptical Möckel et al. (2014), p. 144 ff. https://​www.​umweltbundesamt.​de/​sites/​default/​files/​medien/​378/​publikationen/​texte_​42_​2014_​rechtliche_​und_​andere_​instrumente.​pdf. Accessed 19 June 2017.
 
67
On the complementary orders of remediation of contaminated sites cf. Hoppe et al. (2000), p. 691.
 
69
Concerning the propositions and the negotiations cf. Charalampidou (2011), p. 593; Wurstler (2009), p. 234; Heuser (2007), p. 113.
 
70
King (2008), p. 1 ff.
 
71
China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) (2010), p. 377.
 
72
It is the first time for china to classify the cultivated land, in which cultivated land was assessed as 15 grades, while the best quality of 1st grade and the worst quality of 15th grade. 1st–4th, 5th–8th, 9–12th, 13th–15th were classified as excellent-quality land, high-quality land, middle-quality land and low-quality land respectively.
 
76
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution of 1984, art 37 (2), “To use industrial waste water or urban sewage to irrigation, it requires preventing soil, groundwater and agriculture products from being polluted” see http://​www.​china.​org.​cn/​english/​environment/​34325.​htm. Accessed 14 February 2017.
 
78
For example, the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China.
 
79
For example, the Land Administration Law, Forestry Law and Environmental Protection Law.
 
80
For instance, the Regulations for the Implementation of the Land Administration Law.
 
81
Such as Measures on the Management of National Sealed Conservation Areas of Desertified Land.
 
82
GB/T28407-2012.
 
83
GB/T28405-2012.
 
84
GB/T28406-2012.
 
85
Law enforcement inspection team of Standing Committee of the Chinese People’s Congress (2012).
 
86
The Ministry of Water Resources (2015).
 
87
Ministry of Agriculture (2015).
 
88
National Anti-desertification Plan (2011–2020), approved by the State Council in January 2013, promulgated by Forestry Administration, the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Land Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Water and Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and other seven departments officially.
 
89
Wang and Zeng (2015).
 
90
Yang (2010).
 
91
Qing (2015).
 
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Metadata
Title
Soil Protection Law
Authors
Klaus-Christian Fritzsche
Lena Jahrmarkt
Yumei Li
Copyright Year
2018
Book
Handbook of Agri-Food Law in China, Germany, European Union

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67665-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-67666-1

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67666-1_7

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