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The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

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22-11-2021 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Static and dynamic flexural behaviour of printed polylactic acid with thermal annealing: parametric optimisation and empirical modelling

Authors: Niranjan Chikkanna, Shankar Krishnapillai, Velmurugan Ramachandran

Published in: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology | Issue 1-2/2022

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Abstract

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a widely used extrusion-based additive manufacturing process due to its low operating cost and available material options. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-based compostable polymer extensively used as a feedstock material in FFF. The application of PLA in engineering and medical applications is limited due to the low thermal stability associated with the polymer. The present work aims to study the effect of thermal annealing on FFF-printed PLA in static and dynamic flexural loading. Response surface methodology (RSM) is chosen as a design of experiment method to study the effect of annealing time and temperature on flexural properties of printed PLA. Annealing is found to be advantageous in increasing the dynamic flexural properties. Improved glass transition temperature, stiffness, thermal stability, and crystallinity are also evident with annealing. However, annealing is found to be detrimental in improving static flexural properties. Considering the desirability function (DF) approach, annealing time and temperature are optimised for measured static and dynamic flexural properties. Samples are further investigated in scanning electron microscope for failure mode and differential scanning calorimetry for crystalline behaviour of annealed PLA. Empirical models are proposed for predicting the flexural behaviour of printed PLA. The current study has shown that the FFF-printed PLA can be tailored to specific application requirements due to its stable characteristics for thermal loading with thermal annealing.

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Title: Static and dynamic flexural behaviour of printed polylactic acid with thermal annealing: parametric optimisation and empirical modelling
Authors: Niranjan Chikkanna
Shankar Krishnapillai
Velmurugan Ramachandran
Publication date: 22-11-2021
Publisher: Springer London
Published in: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology / Issue 1-2/2022
Print ISSN: 0268-3768
Electronic ISSN: 1433-3015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08127-7

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