1. Sustainability and Vulnerability: Well-Being in the Geo-, Eco- and Socio-environment

The process for realizing sustainability must be carefully considered. Equity, vulnerability and well-being are important factors. Concepts in sustainability and vulnerability are complementary and closely related; mitigating the vulnerability of the human-environment system can increase its resilience or sustainability. First, sustainable development necessarily requires the integration of social, economic and environmental goals. Integration begins with the recognition that the environment and society are closely linked. There are three layers of environment that are relevant, that is, the Geo-environment, the Eco-environment and the Socio-environment. Second, well-being consists of multiple factors and is defined as hierarchical in this study. Third, sustainability is considered from the perspective of the fundamental theory of welfare economics. Fourth, a social-environmental analysis in Bangladesh is shown regarding vulnerability. Finally, the results of the social-environmental analysis demonstrate that it is necessary to take the diverse character of the social environment in different areas into account.