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Legal Framework for Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure Read chapter Read first chapter

2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Sustainable Air Conditioing with District Cooling System (DCS)

Authors : Reji Kumar Pillai, Reena Suri, Suddhasatta Kundu, Shuvam Sarkar Roy, Balasubramanyam Karnam, Akshay Kumar, Parul Sribatham

Published in: ISUW 2021

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

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Abstract

The summer temperature been on the rise constantly all across India during the past 3 decades. Soon the maximum summer temperature will exceed 50 °C in Northern India making it extremely difficult for people without access to cooling. India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP) targets incremental improvements in efficiency of equipment to reduce cooling demand by 25–30% by 2037–38 which is likely to be defeated by sheer increase in the number of air conditioners. Radical approaches are required to address the cooling challenge. District Cooling System (DCS) is an alternative route to address the space cooling challenge effectively. This paper highlights the DCS technology, the technical and commercial benefits it can offer and business models for effective DCS implementation.

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Footnotes
2
Per Motilal Oswaal Report of April 2018, out of 65.13 million urban households, only 6.28 million own ACs where as in Delhi out of 2.34 million households, 688,888 of them had ACs. Total market size for room ACs in 2019 was estimated at 6.7 million units. https://​www.​motilaloswal.​com/​site/​rreports/​6365963850516212​78.​pdf.
 
3
2019 Chilling Prospects: Tackling Sustainable Cooling for All by SE4ALL and Kigali Cooling Efficiency Program.
 
4
Montreal Protocol of 1987 mandated progressive elimination of CFC and HCFC refrigerants which was causing ozone layer depletion. The alternate refrigerants used now are HFCs. R134a is the most popular HFC refrigerant today. HFCs have much higher global warming potential than CO2–1430 times higher! Hence the Kigali Amendments to the Montreal Protocol in 2016 laid out a roadmap for progressive reduction of HFCs by 80% by 2050. In India it has to start from 2028 onwards. Cost of R134a has already started going up owing to production curtailments in some countries. Alternatives to HFC are HFO and Ammonia. HFO is fast emerging as a viable option.
 
5
Cooling capacity is measured in Ton of Refrigerated (TR) or Refrigeration Ton (RT) which is equivalent to 12,000 BTUs per hour. TR is the unit measure for the amount of heat removed and is defined as the heat absorbed by one ton of ice causing it to melt completely by the end of one day (24 h).
 
6
GIFT City has electricity distribution license and is connected to the Gujarat’s transmission grid. GIFT City has long-term PPA with a power generation company and they buy daily from the power exchange as well.
 
Metadata
Title
Sustainable Air Conditioing with District Cooling System (DCS)
Authors
Reji Kumar Pillai
Reena Suri
Suddhasatta Kundu
Shuvam Sarkar Roy
Balasubramanyam Karnam
Akshay Kumar
Parul Sribatham
Copyright Year
2022
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Book
ISUW 2021

Print ISBN: 978-981-16-8726-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-16-8727-3

Copyright Year: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8727-3_49