Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 1/2024

03-12-2023 | REVIEW

Sustainable next-generation single-component geopolymer binders: a review of mechano-chemical behaviour and life-cycle cost analysis

Authors: S. K. Singh, Aishwarya Badkul, Biswajit Pal

Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management | Issue 1/2024

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Geopolymer is relatively newer binder developed as an alternative to conventional cementitious binders. It lowers CO2 emissions, consumes less energy, and effectively utilises industrial wastes. The alkali activator solution, used in traditional two-part geopolymer to initiate the polymerisation reactions, is highly viscous and corrosive, which limits the effective utilisation of geopolymer concrete in construction. Consequently, a single-component “just add water” geopolymer system was developed to address the issues of cast in situ applications of two-part geopolymer concrete. This paper discusses the diverse examinations of the various source materials and alkali activators employed over the years in synthesising single-component geopolymer (SCG) along with their detailed chemical analysis. In addition to the different constituent types, the effect of various curing conditions, e.g., ambient or elevated temperatures, admixtures were also presented on the properties (physical, mechanical, and durability) of SCG-based paste/mortar/concrete. Such detailed analysis of the chemical composition and engineering properties of various SCG mixes would help the researcher and material designer to choose a suitable mix proportion based on the targeted performance. Further, based on an in-depth analysis of the various bindings phases (e.g., CSH and CASH) formed in SCG, the schematic representation of the reaction mechanism was highlighted. This paper also highlighted the life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and current challenges in the production of SCG. Therefore, the present review article would serve as a source of information for the scientific community to understand the current research trend in the development of SCG binder, its design and consequent prediction of various engineering properties made with different constituent materials and would serve as a source of information for further research and development which is one step towards the goals of net zero emissions by 2050 through a sustainable approach.

Graphical abstract

previous article From waste to wealth: exploring modern composting innovations and compost valorization
next article Treatment and recycling of spent lithium-based batteries: a review

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
Singh SK, Tiwari N, Badkul A (2021) Low energy sustainable cementitious binders for eco-friendly construction: a review. In: International e-conference on sustainable development in concrete technology. DYPCE, Pune, pp 283–291
2.
Sharma M, Bishnoi S, Martirena F, Scrivener K (2021) Limestone calcined clay cement and concrete: a state-of-the-art review. Cem Concr Res 149:106564
3.
Burciaga-Díaz O, Escalante-García JI (2017) Comparative performance of alkali activated slag/metakaolin cement pastes exposed to high temperatures. Cem Concr Compos 84:157–166
4.
Global Cement Production (1995–2021) © Statista 2021
5.
Environment UN, Scrivener KL, John VM, Gartner EM (2018) Eco-efficient cements: potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO2 cement-based materials industry. Cem Concr Res 114:2–26
6.
Schöler A, Lothenbach B, Winnefeld F, Zajac M (2015) Hydration of quaternary Portland cement blends containing blast-furnace slag, siliceous fly ash and limestone powder. Cem Concr Compos 55:374–382
7.
Díaz YC, Berriel SS, Heierli U et al (2017) Limestone calcined clay cement as a low-carbon solution to meet expanding cement demand in emerging economies. Dev Eng 2:82–91
8.
Fayomi GU, Mini SE, Fayomi OSI, Ayoola AA (2019) Perspectives on environmental CO2 emission and energy factor in Cement Industry. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 331:012035
9.
Schneider M, Romer M, Tschudin M, Bolio H (2011) Sustainable cement production—present and future. Cem Concr Res 41:642–650
10.
Wojtacha-Rychter K, Kucharski P, Smolinski A (2021) Conventional and alternative sources of thermal energy in the production of cement—an impact on CO2 emission. Energies (Basel) 14:1539
11.
Nie S, Zhou J, Yang F et al (2022) Analysis of theoretical carbon dioxide emissions from cement production: methodology and application. J Clean Prod 334:130270
12.
Gartner E, Hirao H (2015) A review of alternative approaches to the reduction of CO2 emissions associated with the manufacture of the binder phase in concrete. Cem Concr Res 78:126–142
13.
Singh SK, Vashistha P (2021) Development of newer composite cement through mechano-chemical activation of steel slag. Constr Build Mater 268:121147
14.
Zhang Y, Xiao R, Jiang X et al (2020) Effect of particle size and curing temperature on mechanical and microstructural properties of waste glass-slag-based and waste glass-fly ash-based geopolymers. J Clean Prod 273:122970
15.
Badkul A, Paswan R, Singh SK, Tegar JP (2022) A comprehensive study on the performance of alkali activated fly ash/GGBFS geopolymer concrete pavement. Road Mater Pavement Des 23:1815–1835
16.
Davidovits J (1993) Geopolymer cements to minimize carbon dioxide greenhouse warming. Ceram Trans 37:165–182
17.
Provis JL, Lukey GC, van Deventer JSJ (2005) Do geopolymers actually contain nanocrystalline zeolites? A reexamination of existing results. Chem Mater 17:3075–3085
18.
Davidovits J (1991) Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials. J Therm Anal Calorim 37:1633–1656
19.
Provis JL, van Deventer JSJ (2009) Geopolymers: structures, processing, properties and industrial applications. Elsevier, Cambridge
20.
Mehta A, Siddique R (2016) An overview of geopolymers derived from industrial by-products. Constr Build Mater 127:183–198
21.
Davidovits J (1989) Geopolymers and geopolymeric materials. J Therm Anal 35:429–441
22.
Nath P, Sarker PK (2014) Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition. Constr Build Mater 66:163–171
23.
Krivenko P, Garcia-Lodeiro I, Kavalerova E et al (2014) A review on alkaline activation: new analytical perspectives. Mater Construcc 64:e022
24.
Aredes FGM, Campos TMB, Machado JPB et al (2015) Effect of cure temperature on the formation of metakaolinite-based geopolymer. Ceram Int 41:7302–7311
25.
Part WK, Ramli M, Cheah CB (2015) An overview on the influence of various factors on the properties of geopolymer concrete derived from industrial by-products. Constr Build Mater 77:370–395
26.
Bellum RR, Venkatesh C, Madduru SRC (2021) Influence of red mud on performance enhancement of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Innov Infrastruct Solut 6:215
27.
Bakri AM, Kamarudin H, Binhussain M et al (2013) Comparison of geopolymer fly ash and ordinary Portland cement to the strength of concrete. Adv Sci Lett 19:3592–3595
28.
Bakharev T (2005) Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack. Cem Concr Res 35:658–670
29.
Albitar M, Ali MSM, Visintin P, Drechsler M (2017) Durability evaluation of geopolymer and conventional concretes. Constr Build Mater 136:374–385
30.
Aiken TA, Kwasny J, Sha W, Soutsos MN (2018) Effect of slag content and activator dosage on the resistance of fly ash geopolymer binders to sulfuric acid attack. Cem Concr Res 111:23–40
31.
Kong DLY, Sanjayan JG (2010) Effect of elevated temperatures on geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete. Cem Concr Res 40:334–339
32.
Sarker PK, Kelly S, Yao Z (2014) Effect of fire exposure on cracking, spalling and residual strength of fly ash geopolymer concrete. Mater Des 63:584–592
33.
Sarker PK, Mcbeath S (2015) Fire endurance of steel reinforced fly ash geopolymer concrete elements. Constr Build Mater 90:91–98
34.
Duxson P, Fernández-Jiménez A, Provis JL et al (2007) Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art. J Mater Sci 42:2917–2933
35.
Sagoe-Crentsil K, Brown T, Taylor A (2013) Drying shrinkage and creep performance of geopolymer concrete. J Sustain Cem Based Mater 2:35–42
36.
Aswani E, Karthi L (2017) A literature review on fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete. Int J Sci Eng Res 8:408
37.
Shi C, Shi Z, Hu X et al (2015) A review on alkali-aggregate reactions in alkali-activated mortars/concretes made with alkali-reactive aggregates. Mater Struct 48:621–628
38.
Nematollahi B, Sanjayan J, Chai JXH, Lu TM (2014) Properties of fresh and hardened glass fiber reinforced fly ash based geopolymer concrete. In: Key engineering materials. Trans Tech Publ, pp 629–633
39.
Provis JL (2014) Geopolymers and other alkali activated materials: why, how, and what? Mater Struct 47:11–25
40.
Duxson P, Provis JL (2008) Designing precursors for geopolymer cements. J Am Ceram Soc 91:3864–3869
41.
Abdel-Gawwad HA, Abo-El-Enein SA (2016) A novel method to produce dry geopolymer cement powder. HBRC J 12:13–24
42.
Ye N, Yang J, Liang S et al (2016) Synthesis and strength optimization of one-part geopolymer based on red mud. Constr Build Mater 111:317–325
43.
Palomo Á, Fernández-Jiménez A, López Hombrados C, Lleyda JL (2007) Railway sleepers made of alkali activated fly ash concrete. Rev Ing Constr 22:75–80
44.
van Deventer JSJ, Provis JL, Duxson P (2012) Technical and commercial progress in the adoption of geopolymer cement. Miner Eng 29:89–104
45.
Ahmad MR, Chen B, Shah SFA (2020) Influence of different admixtures on the mechanical and durability properties of one-part alkali-activated mortars. Constr Build Mater 265:120320
46.
Abdollahnejad Z, Luukkonen T, Mastali M et al (2019) Development of one-part alkali-activated ceramic/slag binders containing recycled ceramic aggregates. J Mater Civ Eng 31:04018386
47.
Shah SFA, Chen B, Oderji SY et al (2020) Improvement of early strength of fly ash-slag based one-part alkali activated mortar. Constr Build Mater 246:118533
48.
Ming LY, En OW, Yong HC et al (2021) Characteristic of one-part geopolymer as building materials. Sustainable waste utilization in bricks, concrete, and cementitious materials: characteristics, properties, performance, and applications. Springer, Singapore, pp 97–118
49.
Adesanya E, Ohenoja K, di Maria A et al (2020) Alternative alkali-activator from steel-making waste for one-part alkali-activated slag. J Clean Prod 274:123020
50.
51.
Bong SH, Nematollahi B, Arunothayan AR et al (2020) Effect of wollastonite micro-fiber addition on properties of 3D-printable ‘just-add-water’ geopolymers. In: Second RILEM international conference on concrete and digital fabrication: digital concrete 2020. Springer, pp 23–31
52.
Bong SH, Xia M, Nematollahi B, Shi C (2021) Ambient temperature cured ‘just-add-water’geopolymer for 3D concrete printing applications. Cem Concr Compos 121:104060
53.
Muthukrishnan S, Ramakrishnan S, Sanjayan J (2021) Effect of alkali reactions on the rheology of one-part 3D printable geopolymer concrete. Cem Concr Compos 116:103899
54.
Panda B, Singh GVPB, Unluer C, Tan MJ (2019) Synthesis and characterization of one-part geopolymers for extrusion based 3D concrete printing. J Clean Prod 220:610–619
55.
Glasby T, Day J, Genrich R, Aldred J (2015) EFC geopolymer concrete aircraft pavements at Brisbane West Wellcamp Airport. Concrete 2015:1–9
56.
Rao F, Liu Q (2015) Geopolymerization and its potential application in mine tailings consolidation: a review. Miner Process Extr Metall Rev 36:399–409
57.
Zhuang XY, Chen L, Komarneni S et al (2016) Fly ash-based geopolymer: clean production, properties and applications. J Clean Prod 125:253–267
58.
Shehata N, Mohamed OA, Sayed ET et al (2022) Geopolymer concrete as green building materials: recent applications, sustainable development and circular economy potentials. Sci Total Environ 836:155577
59.
Alhawat M, Ashour A, Yildirim G et al (2022) Properties of geopolymers sourced from construction and demolition waste: a review. J Build Eng 50:104104
60.
Luukkonen T, Abdollahnejad Z, Yliniemi J et al (2018) One-part alkali-activated materials: a review. Cem Concr Res 103:21–34
61.
Elzeadani M, Bompa DV, Elghazouli AY (2022) One part alkali activated materials: a state-of-the-art review. J Build Eng 57:104871
62.
Yang K-H, Song J-K, Ashour AF, Lee E-T (2008) Properties of cementless mortars activated by sodium silicate. Constr Build Mater 22:1981–1989
63.
Yang K-H, Song J-K (2009) Workability loss and compressive strength development of cementless mortars activated by combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. J Mater Civ Eng 21:119–127
64.
Wang K, Du L, Lv X et al (2017) Preparation of drying powder inorganic polymer cement based on alkali-activated slag technology. Powder Technol 312:204–209
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
Hajimohammadi A, Ngo T, Mendis P et al (2017) Pore characteristics in one-part mix geopolymers foamed by H2O2: The impact of mix design. Mater Des 130:381–391
77.
Sturm P, Gluth GJG, Brouwers HJH, Kühne H-C (2016) Synthesizing one-part geopolymers from rice husk ash. Constr Build Mater 124:961–966
78.
79.
80.
81.
Ahmari S, Zhang L (2012) Production of eco-friendly bricks from copper mine tailings through geopolymerization. Constr Build Mater 29:323–331
82.
Liu Q, Li X, Cui M et al (2021) Preparation of eco-friendly one-part geopolymers from gold mine tailings by alkaline hydrothermal activation. J Clean Prod 298:126806
83.
Almalkawi AT, Hamadna S, Soroushian P (2017) One-part alkali activated cement based volcanic pumice. Constr Build Mater 152:367–374
84.
85.
86.
Cyriaque Kaze R, Naghizadeh A, Tchadjie L et al (2022) Lateritic soils based geopolymer materials: a review. Constr Build Mater 344:128157
87.
Mukhtiar F, Kumar R, Kumar A et al (2022) Effect of marble powder on fly ash based one part geopolymer mortar. Int Res J Mod Eng Technol Sci 4(6):567–572
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
Dong M, Elchalakani M, Karrech A (2020) Development of high strength one-part geopolymer mortar using sodium metasilicate. Constr Build Mater 236:117611
93.
94.
95.
Wang Y-S, Alrefaei Y, Dai J-G (2021) Roles of hybrid activators in improving the early-age properties of one-part geopolymer pastes. Constr Build Mater 306:124880
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
Wang S-D, Scrivener KL, Pratt PL (1994) Factors affecting the strength of alkali-activated slag. Cem Concr Res 24:1033–1043
102.
Singh B, Ishwarya G, Gupta M, Bhattacharyya SK (2015) Geopolymer concrete: a review of some recent developments. Constr Build Mater 85:78–90
103.
Singh B, Rahman MR, Paswan R, Bhattacharyya SK (2016) Effect of activator concentration on the strength, ITZ and drying shrinkage of fly ash/slag geopolymer concrete. Constr Build Mater 118:171–179
104.
Pei M, Wang D, Hu X, Xu D (2000) Synthesis of sodium sulfanilate-phenol-formaldehyde condensate and its application as a superplasticizer in concrete. Cem Concr Res 30:1841–1845
105.
Papayianni I, Tsohos G, Oikonomou N, Mavria P (2005) Influence of superplasticizer type and mix design parameters on the performance of them in concrete mixtures. Cem Concr Compos 27:217–222
106.
Houst YF, Bowen P, Perche F et al (2008) Design and function of novel superplasticizers for more durable high performance concrete (superplast project). Cem Concr Res 38:1197–1209
107.
Laskar AI, Bhattacharjee R (2013) Effect of plasticizer and superplasticizer on rheology of fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete. ACI Mater J 110(5):513–518
108.
Mithanthaya IR, Marathe S, Rao NBS, Bhat V (2017) Influence of superplasticizer on the properties of geopolymer concrete using industrial wastes. Mater Today Proc 4:9803–9806
109.
Gupta N, Gupta A, Saxena KK et al (2021) Mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete composite at varying superplasticizer dosage. Mater Today Proc 44:12–16
110.
111.
Criado M, Palomo A, Fernández-Jiménez A, Banfill PFG (2009) Alkali activated fly ash: effect of admixtures on paste rheology. Rheol Acta 48:447–455
112.
Nematollahi B, Sanjayan J (2014) Effect of different superplasticizers and activator combinations on workability and strength of fly ash based geopolymer. Mater Des 57:667–672
113.
Alrefaei Y, Wang Y-S, Dai J-G, Xu Q-F (2020) Effect of superplasticizers on properties of one-part Ca(OH)2/Na2SO4 activated geopolymer pastes. Constr Build Mater 241:117990
114.
Luukkonen T, Abdollahnejad Z, Ohenoja K et al (2019) Suitability of commercial superplasticizers for one-part alkali-activated blast-furnace slag mortar. J Sustain Cem Based Mater 8:244–257
115.
Oderji SY, Chen B, Shakya C et al (2019) Influence of superplasticizers and retarders on the workability and strength of one-part alkali-activated fly ash/slag binders cured at room temperature. Constr Build Mater 229:116891
116.
Askarian M, Tao Z, Adam G, Samali B (2018) Mechanical properties of ambient cured one-part hybrid OPC-geopolymer concrete. Constr Build Mater 186:330–337
117.
Peng MX, Wang ZH, Shen SH, Xiao QG (2015) Synthesis, characterization and mechanisms of one-part geopolymeric cement by calcining low-quality kaolin with alkali. Mater Struct 48:699–708
118.
Almalkawi AT, Balchandra A, Soroushian P (2019) Potential of using industrial wastes for production of geopolymer binder as green construction materials. Constr Build Mater 220:516–524
119.
Ke X, Bernal SA, Ye N et al (2015) One-part geopolymers based on thermally treated red mud/NaOH blends. J Am Ceram Soc 98:5–11
120.
Luo Y, Bao S, Zhang Y (2020) Preparation of one-part geopolymeric precursors using vanadium tailing by thermal activation. J Am Ceram Soc 103:779–783
121.
Liew Y-M, Heah C-Y, Li L et al (2017) Formation of one-part-mixing geopolymers and geopolymer ceramics from geopolymer powder. Constr Build Mater 156:9–18
122.
123.
124.
Perera DS, Uchida O, Vance ER, Finnie KS (2007) Influence of curing schedule on the integrity of geopolymers. J Mater Sci 42:3099–3106
125.
Najafi Kani E, Allahverdi A (2009) Effects of curing time and temperature on strength development of inorganic polymeric binder based on natural pozzolan. J Mater Sci 44:3088–3097
126.
Rovnaník P (2010) Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard structure of metakaolin-based geopolymer. Constr Build Mater 24:1176–1183
127.
128.
Palomo A, Grutzeck MW, Blanco MT (1999) Alkali-activated fly ashes: a cement for the future. Cem Concr Res 29:1323–1329
129.
Provis JL, van Deventer JSJ (2007) Geopolymerisation kinetics. 2. Reaction kinetic modelling. Chem Eng Sci 62:2318–2329
130.
Puertas F, Martínez-Ramírez S, Alonso S, Vázquez T (2000) Alkali-activated fly ash/slag cements: strength behaviour and hydration products. Cem Concr Res 30:1625–1631
131.
Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw DMJ, Rangan BV (2004) On the development of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Mater J 101:467–472
132.
Jayajothi P, Kumutha R, Vijai K (2014) Properties of fly ash and GGBS based geopolymeric binder. Chem Sci Rev Lett 2:470–479
133.
Alzaza A, Ohenoja K, Illikainen M (2021) Enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of subzero-cured one-part alkali-activated blast furnace slag mortar by using submicron metallurgical residue as an additive. Cem Concr Compos 122:104128
134.
Chindaprasirt P, de Silva P, Sagoe-Crentsil K, Hanjitsuwan S (2012) Effect of SiO2 and Al2O3 on the setting and hardening of high calcium fly ash-based geopolymer systems. J Mater Sci 47:4876–4883
135.
Kumar S, Kumar R, Mehrotra SP (2010) Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on the reaction, structure and properties of fly ash based geopolymer. J Mater Sci 45:607–615
136.
Puligilla S, Mondal P (2013) Role of slag in microstructural development and hardening of fly ash-slag geopolymer. Cem Concr Res 43:70–80
137.
138.
Blum A, Lasaga A (1988) Role of surface speciation in the low-temperature dissolution of minerals. Nature 331:431–433
139.
Bickmore BR, Nagy KL, Gray AK, Brinkerhoff AR (2006) The effect of Al(OH)4− on the dissolution rate of quartz. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:290–305
140.
Dove PM (1994) The dissolution kinetics of quartz in sodium chloride solutions at 25 degrees to 300 degrees C. Am J Sci 294:665–712
141.
Matalkah F, Xu L, Wu W, Soroushian P (2017) Mechanochemical synthesis of one-part alkali aluminosilicate hydraulic cement. Mater Struct 50:1–12
142.
van Jaarsveld JGS, van Deventer JSJ, Lukey GC (2003) The characterisation of source materials in fly ash-based geopolymers. Mater Lett 57:1272–1280
143.
García-Lodeiro I, Palomo A, Fernández-Jiménez A, Macphee DE (2011) Compatibility studies between NASH and CASH gels. Study in the ternary diagram Na2O–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O. Cem Concr Res 41:923–931
144.
García-Lodeiro I, Fernández-Jiménez A, Palomo A (2013) Variation in hybrid cements over time. alkaline activation of fly ash–portland cement blends. Cem Concr Res 52:112–122
145.
Wan Q, Rao F, Song S et al (2017) Combination formation in the reinforcement of metakaolin geopolymers with quartz sand. Cem Concr Compos 80:115–122
146.
Luo Q, Wang Y, Hong S et al (2021) Properties and microstructure of lithium-slag-based geopolymer by one-part mixing method. Constr Build Mater 273:121723
147.
Hajimohammadi A, van Deventer JSJ (2017) Solid reactant-based geopolymers from rice hull ash and sodium aluminate. Waste Biomass Valorization 8:2131–2140
148.
Palomo A, Fernández-Jiménez A, Kovalchuk G et al (2007) OPC-fly ash cementitious systems: study of gel binders produced during alkaline hydration. J Mater Sci 42:2958–2966
149.
Askarian M, Tao Z, Samali B et al (2019) Mix composition and characterisation of one-part geopolymers with different activators. Constr Build Mater 225:526–537
150.
Peng MX, Wang ZH, Xiao QG et al (2017) Effects of alkali on one-part alkali-activated cement synthesized by calcining bentonite with dolomite and Na2CO3. Appl Clay Sci 139:64–71
151.
Suwan T, Fan M (2017) Effect of manufacturing process on the mechanisms and mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer in ambient curing temperature. Mater Manuf Processes 32:461–467
152.
Nematollahi B, Sanjayan J, Qiu J, Yang E-H (2017) High ductile behavior of a polyethylene fiber-reinforced one-part geopolymer composite: a micromechanics-based investigation. Arch Civ Mech Eng 17:555–563
153.
Zhang H-Y, Liu J-C, Wu B (2021) Mechanical properties and reaction mechanism of one-part geopolymer mortars. Constr Build Mater 273:121973
154.
Nematollahi B, Sanjayan J, Shaikh FUA (2015) Synthesis of heat and ambient cured one-part geopolymer mixes with different grades of sodium silicate. Ceram Int 41:5696–5704
155.
Mohammed BS, Haruna S, Wahab MMA et al (2019) Mechanical and microstructural properties of high calcium fly ash one-part geopolymer cement made with granular activator. Heliyon 5:e02255
156.
Bong SH, Nematollahi B, Xia M et al (2020) Properties of one-part geopolymer incorporating wollastonite as partial replacement of geopolymer precursor or sand. Mater Lett 263:127236
157.
Yip CK, Lukey GC, Provis JL, van Deventer JSJ (2008) Effect of calcium silicate sources on geopolymerisation. Cem Concr Res 38:554–564
158.
Satria J, Sugiarto A, Hardjito D (2017) Effect of variability of fly ash obtained from the same source on the characteristics of geopolymer. In: MATEC web of conferences. EDP Sciences, p 01026
159.
Adesanya E, Ohenoja K, Luukkonen T et al (2018) One-part geopolymer cement from slag and pretreated paper sludge. J Clean Prod 185:168–175
160.
Samarakoon MH, Ranjith PG, Duan WH, de Silva VRS (2020) Properties of one-part fly ash/slag-based binders activated by thermally-treated waste glass/NaOH blends: a comparative study. Cem Concr Compos 112:103679
161.
Rasuli MI, Tajunnisa Y, Yamamura A, Shigeishi M (2022) A consideration on the one-part mixing method of alkali-activated material: problems of sodium silicate solubility and quick setting. Heliyon 8:e08783
162.
Gawwad HAA, Abd El-Aleem S, Ouda AS (2016) Preparation and characterization of one-part non-Portland cement. Ceram Int 42:220–228
163.
EN NF (2012) 197-1. Cement—part 1: composition. specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. European Committee For Standardisation, London
164.
Pham T-T, Nguyen N-L, Nguyen T-T et al (2022) Mix proportion and mechanical properties of one-part alkali-activated geopolymer concrete. SSRN 4168577
165.
166.
Guo S, Ma C, Long G, Xie Y (2019) Cleaner one-part geopolymer prepared by introducing fly ash sinking spherical beads: properties and geopolymerization mechanism. J Clean Prod 219:686–697
167.
168.
Law DW, Adam AA, Molyneaux TK et al (2015) Long term durability properties of class F fly ash geopolymer concrete. Mater Struct 48:721–731
169.
Okoye FN, Prakash S, Singh NB (2017) Durability of fly ash based geopolymer concrete in the presence of silica fume. J Clean Prod 149:1062–1067
170.
Ma C, Long G, Shi Y, Xie Y (2018) Preparation of cleaner one-part geopolymer by investigating different types of commercial sodium metasilicate in China. J Clean Prod 201:636–647
171.
Wan-En O, Yun-Ming L, Li-Ngee H et al (2020) The effect of sodium carbonate on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based one-part geopolymer. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 864(1):012197
172.
Vu TH, Gowripalan N, de Silva P et al (2020) Assessing carbonation in one-part fly ash/slag geopolymer mortar: change in pore characteristics using the state-of-the-art technique neutron tomography. Cem Concr Compos 114:103759
173.
Sturm P, Gluth GJG, Jäger C et al (2018) Sulfuric acid resistance of one-part alkali-activated mortars. Cem Concr Res 109:54–63
174.
Xu L-Y, Qian L-P, Huang B-T, Dai J-G (2021) Development of artificial one-part geopolymer lightweight aggregates by crushing technique. J Clean Prod 315:128200
175.
Ahmad MR, Chen B, Haque MA, Oderji SY (2020) Multiproperty characterization of cleaner and energy-efficient vegetal concrete based on one-part geopolymer binder. J Clean Prod 253:119916
176.
177.
Marinković SB (2013) Life cycle assessment (LCA) aspects of concrete. Eco-efficient concrete. Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier, Cambridge, pp 45–80
178.
Crawford R (2011) Life cycle assessment in the built environment. Taylor & Francis, Routledge, London
179.
Hong T, Ji C, Park H (2012) Integrated model for assessing the cost and CO2 emission (IMACC) for sustainable structural design in ready-mix concrete. J Environ Manag 103:1–8
180.
Ouellet-Plamondon C, Habert G (2015) Life cycle assessment (LCA) of alkali-activated cements and concretes. Handbook of alkali-activated cements, mortars and concretes. Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier, Cambridge, pp 663–686
181.
Petrillo A, de Felice F, Jannelli E et al (2016) Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis model for a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system. Renew Energy 95:337–355
182.
Adesina A (2021) Performance and sustainability overview of sodium carbonate activated slag materials cured at ambient temperature. Resour Environ Sustain 3:100016
183.
Migunthanna J, Rajeev P, Sanjayan J (2021) Investigation of waste clay brick as partial replacement of geopolymer binders for rigid pavement application. Constr Build Mater 305:124787
184.
Nematollahi B, Sanjayan J, Qiu J, Yang E-H (2017) Micromechanics-based investigation of a sustainable ambient temperature cured one-part strain hardening geopolymer composite. Constr Build Mater 131:552–563
185.
Heath A, Paine K, McManus M (2014) Minimising the global warming potential of clay based geopolymers. J Clean Prod 78:75–83
186.
Samarakoon MH, Ranjith PG, Duan WH et al (2021) Extensive use of waste glass in one-part alkali-activated materials: towards sustainable construction practices. Waste Manag 130:1–11
187.
Singh S, Pal B, Badkul A (2023) A report on cost viability of single component geopolymer concrete in construction, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India
188.
Matalkah F, Salem T, Shaafaey M, Soroushian P (2019) Drying shrinkage of alkali activated binders cured at room temperature. Constr Build Mater 201:563–570
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
Yang T, Zhang Z, Zhu H et al (2019) Effects of calcined dolomite addition on reaction kinetics of one-part sodium carbonate-activated slag cements. Constr Build Mater 211:329–336
194.
Alrefaei Y, Dai J-G (2018) Tensile behavior and microstructure of hybrid fiber ambient cured one-part engineered geopolymer composites. Constr Build Mater 184:419–431
195.
196.
197.
Shah SFA, Chen B, Ahmad MR, Haque MA (2021) Development of cleaner one-part geopolymer from lithium slag. J Clean Prod 291:125241
198.
Farhan NA, Sheikh MN, Hadi MNS (2019) Investigation of engineering properties of normal and high strength fly ash based geopolymer and alkali-activated slag concrete compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete. Constr Build Mater 196:26–42
199.
Xia M, Nematollahi B, Sanjayan J (2019) Printability, accuracy and strength of geopolymer made using powder-based 3D printing for construction applications. Autom Constr 101:179–189
200.
Hajimohammadi A, van Deventer JSJ (2017) Characterisation of one-part geopolymer binders made from fly ash. Waste Biomass Valorization 8:225–233
201.
Haruna S, Mohammed BS, Wahab MMA (2020) Effect of GGBS slag on setting time and compressive strength of one-part geopolymer binders. J Infrastruct Facil Asset Manag 2(2):149–160
202.
Mobili A, Tittarelli F, Rahier H (2020) One-part alkali-activated pastes and mortars prepared with metakaolin and biomass ash. Appl Sci 10:5610
203.
Abdollahnejad Z, Miraldo S, Pacheco-Torgal F, Aguiar JB (2017) Cost-efficient one-part alkali-activated mortars with low global warming potential for floor heating systems applications. Eur J Environ Civ Eng 21:412–429
204.
Lemougna PN, Adediran A, Yliniemi J et al (2020) Thermal stability of one-part metakaolin geopolymer composites containing high volume of spodumene tailings and glass wool. Cem Concr Compos 114:103792
205.
Sturm P, Greiser S, Gluth GJG et al (2015) Degree of reaction and phase content of silica-based one-part geopolymers investigated using chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. J Mater Sci 50:6768–6778
206.
Kovtun M, Kearsley EP, Shekhovtsova J (2015) Dry powder alkali-activated slag cements. Adv Cem Res 27:447–456
207.
Hajimohammadi A, Provis JL, van Deventer JSJ (2008) One-part geopolymer mixes from geothermal silica and sodium aluminate. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:9396–9405
208.
Hajimohammadi A, Ngo T, Provis JL et al (2019) High strength/density ratio in a syntactic foam made from one-part mix geopolymer and cenospheres. Compos B Eng 173:106908
209.
Feng D, Provis JL, van Deventer JSJ (2012) Thermal activation of albite for the synthesis of one-part mix geopolymers. J Am Ceram Soc 95:565–572
210.
Abdel-Gawwad HA, Khalil KA (2018) Application of thermal treatment on cement kiln dust and feldspar to create one-part geopolymer cement. Constr Build Mater 187:231–237
211.
Hassan HS, Abdel-Gawwad HA, Vásquez-García SR et al (2019) Cleaner production of one-part white geopolymer cement using pre-treated wood biomass ash and diatomite. J Clean Prod 209:1420–1428
212.
Li L, Lu J-X, Zhang B, Poon C-S (2020) Rheology behavior of one-part alkali activated slag/glass powder (AASG) pastes. Constr Build Mater 258:120381
213.
Ouyang S, Chen W, Zhang Z et al (2020) Experimental study of one-part geopolymer using different alkali sources. J Phys Conf Ser 1605:012155
214.
Choo H, Lim S, Lee W, Lee C (2016) Compressive strength of one-part alkali activated fly ash using red mud as alkali supplier. Constr Build Mater 125:21–28
215.
Gowripalan N, Vu T, de Silva P et al (2019) Influence of curing and retarder on early-age properties of powder geopolymer concrete. Concr Aust 45:41–46
216.
Metadata
Title
Sustainable next-generation single-component geopolymer binders: a review of mechano-chemical behaviour and life-cycle cost analysis
Authors
S. K. Singh
Aishwarya Badkul
Biswajit Pal
Publication date
03-12-2023
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1438-4957
Electronic ISSN: 1611-8227
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-023-01852-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 1/2024 Go to the issue

REVIEW

Recent trends in mechanochemical processing of fly ash aluminosilicate materials (geopolymers): advancement, challenges, and opportunities

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

High-temperature corrosion mechanism analysis of 310S alloy in typical MSWI flue gas environment at 460–580 °C

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Phosphate sludge valorization as new alternative precursor for carbonated hydroxyapatite nanostructures: synthesis and characterization

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Valorization of brewer's spent grains to produce nutrient biodegradable plant pot

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Palm oil mill effluent-derived biochar-filled high-density polyethylene composites: processability and physico-mechanical properties evaluation

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Development and its application of an advanced shaft furnace gasification technology for municipal solid waste in a commercial scale plant