Skip to main content
Top

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

15. Switching Characteristics of Gallium Nitride Transistors: System-Level Issues

Authors : Fred Lee, Qiang Li, Xiucheng Huang, Zhengyang Liu

Published in: Power GaN Devices

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The use of gallium nitride devices is gathering momentum, with a number of recent market introductions for a wide range of applications such as point-of-load (POL) converters, off-line switching power supplies, battery chargers, and motor drives. GaN devices have a much lower gate charge and lower output capacitance than silicon MOSFETs and, therefore, are capable of operating at a switching frequency 10 times greater. This can significantly impact the power density of power converters, their form factor, and even current design and manufacturing practices. To realize the benefits of GaN devices resulting from significantly higher operating frequencies, a number of issues have to be addressed, such as converter topology, magnetics, control, packaging, and thermal management. This chapter studies the switching characteristics of high-voltage GaN devices including some specific issues related to the cascode GaN. An evaluation is presented of the cascode GaN based on a buck converter in hard-switching and soft-switching modes, which shows the necessity of soft switching for cascode GaN devices at high frequencies. High dv/dt- and di/dt-related gate drive issues associated with the higher switching speed of GaN devices are addressed, and many important design considerations are presented. Additionally, this chapter illustrates the utilization of GaN in a wide range of emerging applications.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Huang X, Liu Z, Li Q, Lee FC (2014) Evaluation and application of 600 V GaN HEMT in cascode structure. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(5):2453–2461CrossRef Huang X, Liu Z, Li Q, Lee FC (2014) Evaluation and application of 600 V GaN HEMT in cascode structure. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(5):2453–2461CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Huang X, Li Q, Liu Z, Lee FC (2014) Analytical loss model of high voltage GaN HEMT in cascode configuration. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(5):2208–2219CrossRef Huang X, Li Q, Liu Z, Lee FC (2014) Analytical loss model of high voltage GaN HEMT in cascode configuration. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(5):2208–2219CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Ren Y, Xu M, Zhou J, Lee FC (2006) Analytical loss model of power MOSFET. IEEE Trans Power Electron 21(2):310–319CrossRef Ren Y, Xu M, Zhou J, Lee FC (2006) Analytical loss model of power MOSFET. IEEE Trans Power Electron 21(2):310–319CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Yang B, Zhang J (2005) Effect and utilization of common source inductance in synchronous rectification. In Proceedings of IEEE APEC, pp 1407–1411 Yang B, Zhang J (2005) Effect and utilization of common source inductance in synchronous rectification. In Proceedings of IEEE APEC, pp 1407–1411
5.
go back to reference Jauregui D, Wang B, Chen R (2011) Power loss calculation with common source inductance consideration for synchronous buck converters. TI application note. Available online www.ti.com Jauregui D, Wang B, Chen R (2011) Power loss calculation with common source inductance consideration for synchronous buck converters. TI application note. Available online www.​ti.​com
6.
go back to reference Liu Z, Huang X, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Package parasitic inductance extraction and simulation model development for the high-voltage cascode GaN HEMT. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(4):1977–1985 Liu Z, Huang X, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Package parasitic inductance extraction and simulation model development for the high-voltage cascode GaN HEMT. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(4):1977–1985
7.
go back to reference Liu Z, Huang X, Zhang W, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Evaluation of high-voltage cascode GaN HEMT in different packages. In: Proceedings of IEEE APEC, pp 168–173 Liu Z, Huang X, Zhang W, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Evaluation of high-voltage cascode GaN HEMT in different packages. In: Proceedings of IEEE APEC, pp 168–173
8.
go back to reference Zhang W, Huang X, Liu Z, Lee FC, She S, Du W, Li Q. A new package of high-voltage cascode gallium nitride device for megahertz operation. IEEE Trans Power Electron (early access) Zhang W, Huang X, Liu Z, Lee FC, She S, Du W, Li Q. A new package of high-voltage cascode gallium nitride device for megahertz operation. IEEE Trans Power Electron (early access)
9.
go back to reference She S, Zhang W, Huang X, Du W, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q. Thermal analysis and improvement of cascode GaN HEMT in stack-die structure. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 5709–5715 She S, Zhang W, Huang X, Du W, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q. Thermal analysis and improvement of cascode GaN HEMT in stack-die structure. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 5709–5715
10.
go back to reference She S, Zhang W, Liu Z, Lee FC, Huang X, Du W, Li Q (2015) Thermal analysis and improvement of cascode GaN device package for totem-pole bridgeless PFC rectifier. Appl Therm Eng She S, Zhang W, Liu Z, Lee FC, Huang X, Du W, Li Q (2015) Thermal analysis and improvement of cascode GaN device package for totem-pole bridgeless PFC rectifier. Appl Therm Eng
11.
go back to reference Huang X, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q (2015) Characterization and enhancement of high-voltage cascode GaN devices. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 62(2):270–277CrossRef Huang X, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q (2015) Characterization and enhancement of high-voltage cascode GaN devices. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 62(2):270–277CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Huang X, Du W, Lee FC, Li Q, Liu Z. Avoiding Si MOSFET avalanche and achieving zero-voltage-switching for cascode GaN devices. IEEE Trans Power Electron (early access) Huang X, Du W, Lee FC, Li Q, Liu Z. Avoiding Si MOSFET avalanche and achieving zero-voltage-switching for cascode GaN devices. IEEE Trans Power Electron (early access)
13.
go back to reference Zhang W, Huang X, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Gate drive design considerations for high voltage cascode GaN HEMT. In: Proceedings of IEEE APEC, pp 1484–1489 Zhang W, Huang X, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Gate drive design considerations for high voltage cascode GaN HEMT. In: Proceedings of IEEE APEC, pp 1484–1489
14.
go back to reference Li Q, Lee FC (2009) High inductance density low-profile inductor structure for integrated point-of-load converter. In: 2009 IEEE applied power electronics conference and exposition (APEC), Washington, District of Columbia, 15–19 Feb 2009, pp 1011–1017 Li Q, Lee FC (2009) High inductance density low-profile inductor structure for integrated point-of-load converter. In: 2009 IEEE applied power electronics conference and exposition (APEC), Washington, District of Columbia, 15–19 Feb 2009, pp 1011–1017
15.
go back to reference Li Q, Dong Y, Lee FC, Gilham D (2013) High-density low profile coupled inductor design for integrated point-of-load converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(1):547–554CrossRef Li Q, Dong Y, Lee FC, Gilham D (2013) High-density low profile coupled inductor design for integrated point-of-load converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(1):547–554CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Reusch D, Lee FC, Gilham D, Su Y (2012) Optimization of a high density gallium nitride based non-isolated point of load module. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 2914–2920 Reusch D, Lee FC, Gilham D, Su Y (2012) Optimization of a high density gallium nitride based non-isolated point of load module. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 2914–2920
17.
go back to reference Ji S, Reusch D, Lee FC (2013) High frequency high power density 3D integrated gallium-nitride-based point of load module design. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(9):4216–4226CrossRef Ji S, Reusch D, Lee FC (2013) High frequency high power density 3D integrated gallium-nitride-based point of load module design. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(9):4216–4226CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Su Y, Li Q, Lee FC (2013) Design and evaluation of a high-frequency LTCC inductor substrate for a three-dimensional integrated DC/DC converter. Special issue: “power supply on chip. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(9):4354–4364 Su Y, Li Q, Lee FC (2013) Design and evaluation of a high-frequency LTCC inductor substrate for a three-dimensional integrated DC/DC converter. Special issue: “power supply on chip. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(9):4354–4364
19.
go back to reference Ren Y, Xu M, Sun J, Lee FC (2005) A family of high power density unregulated bus converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 20(5):1045–1054CrossRef Ren Y, Xu M, Sun J, Lee FC (2005) A family of high power density unregulated bus converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 20(5):1045–1054CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Reusch D, Lee FC (2012) High frequency isolated bus converter with gallium nitride transistors and integrated transformer. In: 2012 IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE), pp 3895, 3902 Reusch D, Lee FC (2012) High frequency isolated bus converter with gallium nitride transistors and integrated transformer. In: 2012 IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE), pp 3895, 3902
21.
go back to reference Huang D, Ji A, Lee FC (2014) LLC resonant converter with matrix transformer. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(8):4339–4347CrossRef Huang D, Ji A, Lee FC (2014) LLC resonant converter with matrix transformer. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(8):4339–4347CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Su B, Zhang J, Lu Z (2011) Totem-pole boost bridgeless PFC rectifier with simple zero-current detection and full-range ZVS operating at the boundary of DCM/CCM. IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(2):427–435 Su B, Zhang J, Lu Z (2011) Totem-pole boost bridgeless PFC rectifier with simple zero-current detection and full-range ZVS operating at the boundary of DCM/CCM. IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(2):427–435
23.
go back to reference Marxgut C, Krismer F, Bortis D, Kolar JW (2014) Ultraflat interleaved triangular current mode (TCM) single-phase PFC rectifier. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(2):873–882CrossRef Marxgut C, Krismer F, Bortis D, Kolar JW (2014) Ultraflat interleaved triangular current mode (TCM) single-phase PFC rectifier. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(2):873–882CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Zhou L, Wu Y-F, Mishra U (2013) True bridgeless totem-pole PFC based on GaN HEMTs. PCIM Europe 2013, pp 1017–1022 Zhou L, Wu Y-F, Mishra U (2013) True bridgeless totem-pole PFC based on GaN HEMTs. PCIM Europe 2013, pp 1017–1022
25.
go back to reference Liu Z, Huang X, Mu M, Yang Y, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Design and evaluation of GaN-based dual-phase interleaved MHz critical mode PFC converter. In Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 611–616 Liu Z, Huang X, Mu M, Yang Y, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Design and evaluation of GaN-based dual-phase interleaved MHz critical mode PFC converter. In Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 611–616
26.
go back to reference Yang Y, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Analysis and filter design of differential mode EMI noise for GaN-based interleaved MHz critical mode PFC converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 4784–4789 Yang Y, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q (2014) Analysis and filter design of differential mode EMI noise for GaN-based interleaved MHz critical mode PFC converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 4784–4789
27.
go back to reference Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q, Yang Y (2015) Design of GaN-based MHz totem-pole PFC rectifier. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q, Yang Y (2015) Design of GaN-based MHz totem-pole PFC rectifier. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE
28.
go back to reference Mu M, Lee FC (2014) Comparison and optimization of high frequency inductors for critical model GaN converter operating at 1 MHz. In: 2014 international power electronics and application conference and exposition (PEAC), pp 1363–1368 Mu M, Lee FC (2014) Comparison and optimization of high frequency inductors for critical model GaN converter operating at 1 MHz. In: 2014 international power electronics and application conference and exposition (PEAC), pp 1363–1368
29.
go back to reference Yang Y, Mu M, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q (2015) Common mode EMI reduction technique for interleaved MHz critical mode PFC converter with coupled inductor. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE Yang Y, Mu M, Liu Z, Lee FC, Li Q (2015) Common mode EMI reduction technique for interleaved MHz critical mode PFC converter with coupled inductor. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE
30.
go back to reference Yang Y, Huang D, Lee FC, Li Q (2013) Transformer shielding technique for common mode noise reduction in isolated converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 4149–4153 Yang Y, Huang D, Lee FC, Li Q (2013) Transformer shielding technique for common mode noise reduction in isolated converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE ECCE, pp 4149–4153
Metadata
Title
Switching Characteristics of Gallium Nitride Transistors: System-Level Issues
Authors
Fred Lee
Qiang Li
Xiucheng Huang
Zhengyang Liu
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43199-4_15