2. Techniques and Methods of Identification

In this chapter, techniques and method of chemical analysis are discussed, with the focus on their potential for use in identification procedures. It is demonstrated that analytical techniques providing more information, in particular molecular spectrometry, are preferred for identification. Other techniques are just briefly considered, with for the exception of chromatography, whose combination with spectrometric techniques sharply increases possibilities and trueness of identification. As a whole, mass spectrometry is superior to other spectral techniques in such features as sensitivity, selectivity, generation possibility of molecular mass/formula, and combinability with chromatography. Different types of mass spectrometric instruments are outlined, with many performances tabulated. Experimental conditions for identification of volatile, non-volatile, and high-molecule compounds are discussed. Next, classification of chemical methodologies is given where screening and confirmatory methods are noted. Related procedures, sample treatment, and quantitative determination are also considered as ones affecting qualitative analysis.