Technological Sustainability and Business Competitive Advantage

This paper aims to explore the best available technological innovations that make organizations in private and public sectors create sustainable competitive advantage. More recent technological applications are discussed making the link between such applications and benefits that can come out of such applications. Findings revealed that using a disruptive technology such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), financial technology (FinTech), and blockchain has improved firms’ performance and standard of living. Furthermore, transformation of Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 would make the world even better with the notion that technology should complement human rather than replace him at work. Digital economy and renewable energy system have made the production more environmentally friendly. Technological development improves ways firms conduct their business, increases internal efficiency, and makes quality output for better customer satisfaction. It also improves standard of living of people in the society with improved services in areas such as education, healthcare, and transportation. Few studies have focused on the linkage of triple dimensions which are technology, competitive advantage, and sustainable development.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven to be crucial for competing in today’s global economy. This study investigated the role of AI in marketing and other business decision-making by reviewing the literature on the incorporation of AI in these business areas. The study covered the marketing functions that were impacted by AI, which include promotion, marketing information management, customer service management, marketing decision-making, marketing operations, pricing and product place management, financing and securing transaction, and transportation. In this context, it was found that marketing decision-making is likely to be improved if supported by intelligent systems, such as AI. However, these systems can only offer options constrained by the information that was made available to them and by their capacity of producing knowledge from this data. It was also found that AI has already shown its ability to secure adequate cash and budget for marketing efforts, as well as facilitate the checkout and payment process. Moreover, the study investigated research findings regarding AI support for strategic decision-making and its impact on organizational structure, as well as some of the challenges and concerns that AI poses. Other findings suggest that leaders should guide their workforce in the implementation of AI and should themselves have thorough technological literacy and competence. There was sufficient evidence to suggest that the incorporation of AI into business functions has significantly enhanced performance, particularly, in marketing and that the latter will have a promising future pairing with AI.

The prolonged pandemic has put a burden on the world’s healthcare systems, public services, and economy. With lockdowns and working from home, it has additionally put us to the test in every way possible. With increasing cases and innovation in healthcare industry, COVID-19 testing, building health, and remote device maintenance, IoT technology opens up new possibilities and can help us develop a new normal. The potential acceptance of this type of new technology is a very challenging issue and has been studied by many authors. Further, many authors have looked into the difficult topic of how these new technologies might be accepted in the future. In order to identify influential writers and their points of view, a thorough literature review was done in the field of technological acceptance. This current research considered technology acceptance model (TAM) and diffusion of technology (DoI) model to measure the user’s acceptance of IoT for healthcare.

The evolution of technology is drastically changing the conventional wisdom and the competitive environment of companies, but this does not mean that there is a logical necessity for advanced financial technology to benefit only fintech companies and platformers. Whether or not financial technology (fintech) would have a destructive influence on the incumbent financial institutions is a highly controversial issue. This paper examines the changes in the competitive environment that fintech would bring to the Indian megabank groups (HDFC Bank, SBI, and ICICI Bank) with the deliberations of the group in mind. The study found that capital and business alliances with fintech companies are more prominent than the development of their financial technology and the concept of real options seems to be adapted. Similarly, with the speed at which fintech is evolving, including the government’s response, the success or failure of such a strategy would become apparent sooner rather than later. The study concludes that the megabank digital plans and capital and business relationships with fintech businesses, among other things, appear to be more significant than the development of their financial technology, and the notion of real options appears to be adapted.

The purpose of this study is to look into how different aspects of digital marketing affect both sales success and the viability of an enterprise. For data analysis in this work, Structural Equation Modelling is used along with quantitative approaches, and employed convenient sampling strategy to choose samples. Online questionnaires were distributed to 142 MSMEs in the Hyderabad region, and the returned questionnaires were examined. Data research demonstrates that the impact of digital marketing on sales performance and company sustainability was favorable and significant. Digital marketing can be carried out through a wide variety of platforms, including social media, the Web, and search engine optimization (SEO). The results show that social media is one of the digital platforms that MSMEs use the most regularly. And the outcomes of an increase in the volume of sales generated by SMEs are discussed.

The Internet has become the veins that stimulate the economies, business, as well as educational and industrial processes. The Internet of Things (IoT) as an extension of the Internet and one of its emerging technologies is one of the promising technologies that infiltrated all aspects of our life especially education, whose platforms had to be digitized and made online earlier than anticipated due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The higher education represented by the students at the Omani universities in this research has dearth of studies that focus on the student’s intention to use this technology. Therefore, the main objectives are to investigate the role of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and relationship with intention to use the IoT in the academic and nonacademic tasks as perceived by university students. Also, relationship between ease of use and perceived usefulness is measured. PLS-SEM SmartPLS was used to analyze the relationships. Findings reveal a positive significant relationship between ease of use and behavior intention. Also, ease of use emerged as a positive and significant factor in controlling perceived usefulness toward the intention to use the IoT. However, perceived usefulness showed non-significant relationship with behavior intention.

This paper studied the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing while taking the privacy and security problems into consideration. AI has been implemented in many fields to use human intelligent machines to perform our daily activities including education, traffic, public security, social governance, healthcare, finance, and building smart societies. The success of AI in many industries encouraged marketers to use it in marketing. AI is used to improve marketing in websites and social media applications and to build models that can formulate marketing strategies and human intelligent decision-making. Several studies proved the success of implementing AI in marketing. However, there are also risks and issues related to it. The main problem associated with AI in marketing is the privacy of the data collected from the customers, which forced some organizations to prevent implementing AI in their marketing strategy to save their reputation. On the other hand, other organizations relied on AI to improve their marketing and gain a competitive advantage in the market. Several solutions are suggested to prevent or mitigate data privacy and security problems. Based on the findings of this paper, companies should keep the customers data local while advertising, isolate the sensitive and confidential data from the cloud or use edge technology as a replacement for cloud storing, ensure that all software interacting with AI are secure, use authentication methods, and limit the access for customers’ confidential data for certain employees only.

This research aims to study the impact on operational costs in companies after emerging technologies (ERP Systems) are implemented. This research also assesses whether such technologies affect the accounting function operational costs in companies after deployment. More specifically, the impact of ERP systems on the operational costs of accounting functions is evaluated by assessing their impact on personnel costs, financial cycles, productivity, procurement costs, and information and communication technology costs.

A questionnaire survey was distributed to the respective users of the ERP systems in order to obtain the required data, and a total of 95 responses were collected. In this research, the researcher ran five regression modules to measure the impact of ERP on personnel costs, financial cycles, productivity, procurement costs, and information and communication technology costs. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the ERP and the operational costs variables. The regression results reveal that procurement variables account for the highest factor affected by the implementation of ERP with a value of 0.455, followed by productivity with a value of 0.447. The lowest factor affected by the implementation of the ERP is information and communication technology with a value of 0.315. The adoption of ERP systems in companies improves the operational costs of running accounting activities.

It is no secret that artificial intelligence has become incredibly popular in today’s world. However, as different researchers offer different explanations of what artificial intelligence is, the term and its associated concepts remain ambiguous. The literature devoted to explaining artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications was reviewed, focusing on how AI forms are used to understand the basic principles of AI creation and operation and develop a deeper knowledge of the construct. With this purpose in mind, the main AI approaches and AI families and their applications in today’s most developing industries were discussed. The findings show that there is no universal way of describing AI and that AI can best be understood by looking into its applications. It was found that most AI applications deploy the AI machine learning (ML) system, and some applications use deep machine learning and neural network techniques to analyze live and historical information. The findings further show that these neural networks are complex algorithms that require initial human training and supervision to link things together. Nevertheless, they can continuously build up new information from sensors, correlate data, and analyze problems in a hierarchical way that mimics the human brain. Moreover, it was also revealed that the euphoria over AI applications needs to be tempered as they can have unintended negative consequences for businesses and cause individual harm if not implemented with care. Biased AI applications risk compliance and governance breaches and damage to the corporate brand. To mitigate the risks, a growing number of organizations have been working on ethical AI principles and frameworks to ensure responsible AI use.

This study aimed to investigate the extent to which financial technology (Fintech) is adopted in Palestine from the perspective of bank customers. The researcher meant to analyze various, significant dimensions such the barriers, advantages, components, and risks of adopting the Fintech. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach using a questionnaire as a main tool for the study. The study population consisted of bank clients or customers; and a sample of 500 customers of the most important Palestinian banks was selected randomly. The study concluded that the level of total adoption of financial technology in Palestine is medium; the main findings of the study also showed a high relative significance of both the barriers and risks of using Fintech, especially with regard to the preference of traditional banking operations or transactions over the use of electronic services due to the absence of clear laws and legislations that aim to protect banking transactions and dealings using electronic services. Furthermore, the study results showed that the relative importance of the advantages and components of Fintech has decreased despite the reduction in transaction costs by exempting electronic banking services from any commissions and/or fees. With regard to the demographic variables, the researcher found that there were no differences in the adoption of financial technology (Fintech) in Palestine that could be attributed to participants’ gender, age, or the bank they work for, while there were differences attributed to the variables of the city in which the bank is located and educational level of the study participants. The study concluded with several recommendations; the most important of which was the need for banks and bank administrations to enhance their customers’ confidence in electronic banking services by providing an adequate technical infrastructure for the adoption and use of financial technology in Palestine.

In terms of changing, modifying, and enhancing processes, products, and business models, artificial intelligence has tremendous promise. But many businesses are unable to take advantage of these opportunities because they are unable to successfully apply artificial intelligence technology in their environments. However, even though past research has identified critical success elements to consider when implementing artificial intelligence initiatives, academia has yet to develop a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The study begins by reviewing current research on success variables associated with the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and then presents a structured summary of 36 characteristics that have previously been explored by prior scientists. The technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework is used to inform our findings, which include the identification of 12 elements linked to the technical dimensions, 13 factors related to the organizational dimensions, and 11 factors connected to environmental aspects. We hope that our findings will assist researchers and practitioners in better including those elements in theory building and in more effectively implementing AI initiatives.

Financial technology has long been employed to the financial and banking sectors until the rise of financial technology innovation called Fintech. Referring to the evolution of Fintech till now, Fintech affects the bank’s activities from the past, present, and future. Technological innovation is the provision of an ideal combination of inputs and outputs, which themselves are the result of a combination of high technology and capital equipment. Financial technology (Fintech) has emerged as an essential means to improve the financial inclusion of unbanked individuals in developing countries. This paper investigates Fintech’s impact on financial inclusion in MENA countries. To do so, this study utilizes panel data models, using Global Financial Inclusion database and the World Bank database, and covering eleven MENA countries for the years 2011, 2014, and 2017, with the years in question chosen based on data availability. The dependent variable is financial inclusion (FI), and the independent variable is Fintech (FIN). Other factors identified in the relevant literature were used in our model (education (EDU) and population growth (POP)). Our study finds that Fintech has a significant and positive impact on financial inclusion. Results reveal that financial inclusion ensures access to a wide array of financial services throughout society in our selected sample of MENA countries.

Impulse buying behaviors have received a lot of research attention over the years, starting with investigating customer experiences in brick-and-mortar stores in the 1950s and not ending with gauging customer impulse buying tendencies on the digital shopping platforms of today. Indeed, marketers and scholars are interested in understanding more about the customers’ motivations to engage in impulse buying behaviors, as they are tied to desirable marketing outcomes, including increased sales and profits.

This paper presents an overview of impulse buying in a modern, digital world, based on a study of the literature. It, first, defines the concept and highlights its different types. Following this, it contrasts offline impulse buying behaviors with impulse buying in e-commerce and social media platforms and discusses the factors that influence impulse buying in customers. Finally, the authors provide relevant recommendations for future research in the field of impulse buying behaviors.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Bahrain took many actions to ensure social distancing. Turning to digital communication was a significant step taken by many organizations, public and private, to keep everyone safe, along with continuous achievement and development. A case study was conducted with the Bahrain Tender Board on e-tendering system users, including employees of the Bahrain Tender Board, purchasing authorities, suppliers, and contractors. This study investigated the causes of the increase in the tender’s value in Bahrain during the pandemic while shifting to the e-tendering system. These factors included safety and security, cost, ease of use, and accessibility. To collect data, a survey was distributed to a sample of e-tendering system users, and 127 responses were received. A five-level Likert scale was used in the questionnaire, and the data were analyzed with SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The findings from the study demonstrated that the mentioned factors had an impact on the e-tendering process, and digitalization resulted in a reduction in suppliers’ participation and increased the value of tenders in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The researcher provided recommendations, such as focusing on digitalization, coping with technology that is improving day by day, and new innovations and ideas. Furthermore, some digital communication factors should be handled with utmost care, such as the safety and security of users and accessibility. The study showed that these factors were highly effective for successful project management.

Artificial intelligence is now identified as a vital business potential in the world’s rapidly changing economy. Artificial intelligence, in particular, has a significant influence in a country’s economic growth. According to numerous industry studies, there are considerable benefits to implementing AI in the workplace by many forms. The Kingdom of Bahrain has encouraged organizations to adapt artificial intelligent field after it recognized the advantages of artificial intelligence in improving business processes. This research uses a quantitative technique approach to find out what are the AI technologies that are currently being used in Bahrain, specifically in the manufacturing sector and identifying the factors that influence the company decision-makers to adapt the artificial intelligence. It will also explore empirical studies in the adoption of artificial intelligence. A survey was distributed among the top managers and technical staff in the Kingdom of Bahrain’s manufacturing organization. A sampling strategy based on continence was utilized. This research examined at the components that affect artificial intelligence adoption. A systematic survey of 977 manufacturing organizations was conducted. Moreover, to significantly identify the influence of factors affecting the adoption of artificial intelligence, hypotheses were developed and validated using statistical testing. Mathematical models such as SPSS would be used to examine the data. The quantitative results of the study have shown the factors that consider as barriers to adopt artificial intelligence in the manufacturing organization in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The research aims to examine the adoption status of artificial intelligence in manufacturing organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain, investigate the factors that impact artificial intelligence, and provide suggestions to assist the organization to take the initiative and adopt artificial intelligence.

This study aimed to determine the impact of teaching AI concepts and tools in improving creative thinking skills among talented 9th graders, for this purpose the study used a quasi-experimental approach with the design of one experimental group (pre- post) test and conducted on (25) students in the ninth grade, spread among three areas (western Gaza, eastern Gaza and east of Khan Younis). A creative thinking skills exam was used to gather data and it revealed a significant difference at level (α = 0.01) between student pre – post Test, with an impact size of (ƞ² = 0.85). While there was no significant difference between female and male students results in the post application of Creative Thinking skills Test. In light of its results, the study recommends teaching the concepts of artificial intelligence and its tools to talented students and examining its educational impact on other variables.

The new era of international business is dominated by digital global connectivity, which also serves to address growing levels of uncertainty. The process of digitization is fraught with numerous dangers, and despite its importance to business on a global scale, it has received little attention, either theoretical or empirical. In this background, this paper specifically addresses three questions on digital risks in international business and related areas in India, Austria, and the United Arab Emirates: (1) Identify the key determinants to predict digital risks based on their feature importance, (2) design artificial intelligence quantitative and qualitative models to address the risk features, and (3) suggest strategies for MNCs to effectively handle the business risks as a value-added proposition. Secondary data from World Bank sources covering World Development Indicators on trade, exports, imports, ICT breadth, and depth for three countries (India, Austria, and the United Emirates) and four regional blocks such as BRICS, GCC, EU, and the QUAD regions are used to identify features important for input-output analysis using artificial intelligence tools. Preliminary results using random forest tree (machine learning tool) confirmed the superiority of AI models over traditional models for identifying features of importance for effectively addressing digital risk in international business management and related areas. The research helps the three countries to take appropriate steps to meet 2030 targets related to SDG-8 (growth and economic development) and SDG-9 (ICT) captured by political and financial crises besides pandemic events and macroeconomic variables in general.

Augmented reality apps bring a novel trend in online shopping by providing a physical experience of virtual objects. The current study described how augmented reality apps could influence consumers’ purchase intention. We empirically explore consumers’ knowledge and perception based on utilitarian values, hedonic values, and satisfaction. However, several retail stores, such as Nike, Ray-Ban, IKEA, Timberland, etc., facilitate their online customers to experience their virtual products in the physical environment. However, these stores provide maximum information about the products through visual signs developed with augmented reality applications. In this regard, the visual of products through augmented reality applications empowers the consumers to make their shopping experience easy; thus, such application encounters the consumers’ utilitarian, hedonic, and satisfaction level while shopping online via augmented reality applications. Augmented reality apps dynamically enhance consumer buying intention and promote a valuable perception of brands. Further, it is concluded that the critical role of augmented reality apps plays a dynamic role in developing high potential implementation in the retail sector. Finally, augmented reality apps are bringing the modern shopping culture worldwide.

Today, the concept of technology and innovation management in healthcare is prevalent in the literature. Managers who interpret technology from a management perspective, interpret it as a significant factor in determining the starting point for an analogous investigation. However, if we consider that technology and innovation management is essential to business success and competitive advantage, one may wonder why the evaluation of technology and innovation management in healthcare organizations is still considered problematic. What makes this singular focus so elusive to define and measure? We consider the significance of technology and innovation management in a business context, and we debate a metaphysical perspective that is contrary to prevailing knowledge, but is associated with healthcare. To identify suggestions for helpful recommendations that advocate current routines and systems, we reflect on epistemic states and draw on descriptions of conditional doxastic maps that are natural extensions of parallelism between agents who believe propositions (managers) and the formal system that generates the proposition (NHS). We propose a proposition that differentiates “technology and innovation management”; this proposition is based on the comparison of knowledge that is epistemically different from a innovation decision. We believe that perspectives that are recognized, rather than implied, have a definable knowledge point of view that can be described as a specific form of technology within innovation management, which can help healthcare organizations save money and increase efficiency, productivity and patient satisfaction.

According to national estimates for overweight and obesity in Bahrain, one in every three boys and roughly the same percentage of girls are overweight. Overweight or obese children appear to have a greater risk of becoming overweight or obese adults, increasing their risk of at least 12 different types of cancer. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between food E-advertising and children’s obesity in Bahrain and the role of rules in mitigating this relationship. A quantitative research approach was applied to collect data from 398 respondents using a close-ended questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software; this software aids in the conversion of results received into information that clarifies the study questions and analyzes the hypothesis. The data analysis proves the significance and validity of the theoretical model and hypotheses. This study contributes to establishing the impact of food E-advertising on children’s obesity and the impact of rules and regulations on moderating the impact of food E-advertising on children’s obesity. Overall, the findings of this study revealed that food E-advertising impacts children’s obesity in the Kingdom of Bahrain and that implementing rules and regulations to control food E-advertising will mitigate this impact.

In today’s world, technology is advancing rapidly, leading to an increase in automation and machine-based labor. We are now living in an era of industrial revolution where machines have begun to replace humans in the workforce. This has led to a debate over the potential effects of machines replacing humans in society. In this paper, we will explore the obvious foreseen effects of machines replacing humans in society and argue that a balance must be achieved between humans and machines. By examining an experimental example of a hybrid intelligence system that merges artificial intelligence with human intelligence, this paper will demonstrate how this balance can be achieved. Additionally, the research paper discusses the potential implications of this balance for our society. Finally, I will propose possible solutions for maintaining this balance. In the following paragraphs, I will show the effects of machines replacing humans, how to achieve a balance between humans and machines, and the implications of this balance.

The study adopted a quantitative design that was conducted by creating a survey that was circulated to the faculty of the colleges of business in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The selective sample included 232 business faculties. The survey comprised four parts, mainly the demographic part and the measurement of the three variables: the Learning Management Systems analysis, the assessment of students’ factor analysis, and the interaction with students’ factor analysis. The survey finding of this research emphasizes the significance of the factors that impact the quality of business education.

Business schools faced various challenges and uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic, and digital transformation was a rescue for different activities in higher education sector including business schools. However, business schools need to consider revamping its strategies to be sustainable. This paper argues that there is a need to establish digital sustainability framework for business education which is beyond taking decisions at uncertainty. This paper also clarifies the difference between digital transformation and digital sustainability and proposes an original framework with relevant factors related to “digital sustainability” that could be applied in business education. The outcome of this research will support scholars and business schools’ leaders specifically those seeking international accreditation to maintain sustainable performance led by digital sustainability.

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a massive shift towards the adoption and use of e-learning systems. e-Learning has many benefits for both the students and the lecturers, but there are still some drawbacks to such technology. One of the main cons of using e-learning tools is the assurance that the students absorbed the knowledge delivered to them by their teachers. This research aims to provide the solution to cover such a gap. This paper provides a model for the feedback system based on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). This system aims to develop cooperative education in the CSCL environment and to develop an effective educational environment. Alongside studying the effect of feedback among students during their conversations, it enhances the cooperation between them as well as it affects the students’ attention and focuses in their conversations. This research targeted 20 students who use the Moodle e-learning system. They were randomly divided into five educational groups and the participants were given different topics to be discussed. The chat tool with the Moodle system has been modified by adding the option to request feedback from students from their peers in the same group during their discussions. Their conversations have been recorded for analysis for further details about the level of their understanding of the given topics. The analysis results indicate increased effectiveness of conversations for students that use feedback systems during their discussion. Their views are reviewed immediately by each other to exchange opinions to identify the best communication methods in the future. Furthermore, the research found there is a high concentration by students during the conversations. The reason behind their high focus is that an immediate feedback system keeps the student alert, asking them about their understanding of the topic discussed at any unexpected point.

As everyone enjoys food, whether it be as a result of a favourite grandma’s recipe from their youth, spending time in the kitchen at home or an addiction that has made them famous on social media, it is often about making a product in your own home kitchen. Running a food truck business and creating a community garden are also examples that fall under the umbrella. The possibilities are endless and the opportunities for creativity are great. The world we live in today is digital; thus, technology is unavoidable. According to a Statista survey, 59.5 per cent of people worldwide utilised the Internet daily as of January 2021. Mobile is the sixth finger of the human body, and 4.32 billion people, or 92.6% of those online, used it (Statista, 2021). Most people enjoy placing meal orders online. The majority of restaurants operated and survived the COVID pandemic by providing online delivery to their customers, demonstrating that they had already switched to a cloud kitchen strategy. The cloud kitchens are the most recent development in the online food delivery industry. The present study involved to study the technology-driven cloud kitchen and intention to become foodpreneur among the students who are the pillars of the world. The findings of the study indicated that people are more likely to become foodpreneurs and intend to adopt the technology-driven cloud kitchen business model as it is apt to attract more customers due to its cost-effectiveness, low investment and suitability for pandemic situations.

The purpose of this research is to appraise and understand the possibilities of blockchain technology in the development of the present system with significant social and environmental implications. The research study carried out this goal by analyzing prior studies’ noteworthy and pioneering situations from a socio-technical standpoint. The findings reveal that the number of blockchain applications outside of the financial arena is growing and that the technology’s features enable it to provide distributed, transparent, and secure solutions to a wide range of economic, social, and environmental issues.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of smart technologies on small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sustainability, and to examine the mediation effect of the SME sustainability strategy in the relationship between smart technologies and the sustainable performance of SMEs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. According to scholars, the sustainability concept includes “environmental sustainability,” “social sustainability,” and “profitability” factors. The research concludes that smart technology has a positive effect on profitability while stabilizing the environment and social wellbeing performance. In addition, the SME sustainability strategy is critical for utilizing smart manufacturing in 4.0 technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence. Also, the research found that the institution and division of innovation theories contribute as the lens of the study. Literature review gaps summarized that in Bahrain, there is a lack of research and statistical reports related to utilizing technology in SMEs. Although the scholars of governmental support in terms of supporting SME growth was limited to depending on and on conducting full information in order to gain a deep insight into the strategic moves of SMEs.

This paper aims to introduce a new artifact in the cloud computing (CC) discipline that directs and supports management in organizations in choosing the right approach to embrace CC. This artifact is a business process architecture (BPA) that presents and simplifies the field and generates a bird’s-eye view for its users. It also solves technological preparedness, complexity, and compatibility problems that companies meet while transforming into CC. The artifact contains the core elements of CC and identifies its main processes. A qualitative approach is adopted for data collection and analysis using semi-structured interviews with experts in addition to the literature review of CC resources. The Riva BPA is nominated as an object-based BPA method to build this artifact. Riva’s primary fundamental step is finding the essential business entities (EBEs) of the domain they have agreed on, cloud computing. These EBEs are the cornerstones that present the CC discipline and are utilized to continue the development of a CC business process architecture (CCBPA). EBEs are translated into Riva units of work (UOWs) and their dependent 1st and 2nd cut process architectures. The final CCBPA has been evaluated by validating its main elements by experts in the cloud computing domain. Eventually, the new CCBPA shows advantages in understanding the CC discipline and presenting an approach for organizations to prepare and plan the host of cloud technology in their business, in addition to its support of integration between cloud computing and other related disciplines.

Bahrain depends on fossil fuels as its main energy source, as over 99% of the energy consumed comes from fossil fuels. The main objective of this research is to use cost–benefit analysis to determine the feasibility of using solar energy in Bahrain. The methodology used is a quantitative design with a predictive model. Based on the simulation, a 200-MW power plant can produce around 375.9 GWh per year with a performance ratio of 81.74%. The solar power plant can have a positive impact on the environment, as it would save 5,008,139.7 tons of carbon dioxide emissions during the lifetime of the project (25 years). Moreover, the power plant is feasible, as the cost–benefit analysis provides a ratio of 1.28. Generating around €57 million, the net present value of the project is positive, and the total cash flow is around €188 million. The results indicate that a solar power plant in Bahrain would be profitable and can help decrease carbon dioxide emissions. This project may be a gateway to building more power plants in Bahrain, as it has large areas of desert to accommodate power plants.

Several countries want to fully use renewable energy because it is a clean and limitless source compared to fossil fuels, which are a limited but efficient energy source. However, could renewable energy be a good replacement for fossil fuels? This research discusses the different technologies used in renewable energy, specifically solar energy and wind energy. The paper will use a qualitative method to research and collect information on the technologies from previous studies. Each technology’s historical background, technical mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages, and latest developments will be presented. The research concludes that previous studies on renewable technologies are insufficient in the long run because of the increased demand. The study also advises finding alternative solutions or using diverse technologies to reduce the setbacks but with the same energy output.