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Energy for Development: A Key to Long-Term Sustainability Read chapter Read first chapter

2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Technology and Innovation

Author : John H. Gibbons

Published in: Energy for Development

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

The twentieth century has witnessed an extraordinary progression of technologies for both energy sources and energy use. This chapter reviews three ‘enablers of change’ both of supply and demand for energy. The first is ­technological invention and innovation, including basic research, exploration and mining technologies, oil and gas discovery and coal mining. The second enabler is the learning curve, an empirical function depicting declining costs of products with accumulating experience, for example, for renewable energy. The third enabler is the declining marginal costs of production as production units become bigger, but saturation can be observed as the negative externalities of large-scale production overwhelm the capacity of the natural environmental system to absorb unwanted emissions. This is particularly worrying in the case of global climate change and its implications.

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previous chapter Externalities in the Global Energy System
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Metadata
Title
Technology and Innovation
Author
John H. Gibbons
Copyright Year
2012
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Energy for Development

Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4161-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-4162-1

Copyright Year: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4162-1_11