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2020 | Book

Tectonics of the Indian Subcontinent: An Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Tectonics of the Indian Subcontinent

Authors: Prof. A.K. Jain, Prof. D.M. Banerjee, Prof. Dr. Vivek S. Kale

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Society of Earth Scientists Series

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This books documents the salient characters of the tectonic evolution of the Indian subcontinent. It showcases the well investigated subcontinent of Gondwana. The book is linked to an updated geological and tectonic map of this region on 1:12,000,000 in scale. The Indian subcontinent displays almost uninterrupted and unique the geological history since about Eo-Archean (~3800 Ma) to recent, with the development of many Proterozoic deformed and metamorphosed fold belts around Archean nuclei, and enormously thick undeformed platform deposits. After their stabilization during late Proterozoic, the subcontinent underwent Paleozoic rifting and deposition of coal-bearing thick sequences, followed by enormously-thick outpouring of Deccan volcanics as a consequence of huge mantle plume. The youngest event in its evolution is the Cenozoic Himalayan Orogenic Mountains, spanning the area between Nanga Parbat and Namcha Barwah; a part of which extends both in Pakistan and Myanmar.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Tectonics of the Indian Subcontinent: An Introduction
Abstract
Geology and Tectonics of the Indian Sub-continent constitute a significant component of the Indian Plate straddling the equator as a part of the Gondwanaland that broke into fragments at ~100 Ma and started moving northwards.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 2. Indian Cratons
Abstract
The Precambrian Peninsular India is comprised of a few ancient cratonic nuclei that were formed during prolonged geological history during Archean to Paleoproterozoic and are classified into two blocks: The North Indian Block (NIB) and the South Indian block (SIB) (Naqvi and Rogers 1987). The former comprises of the Bundelkhand and Aravalli Cratons and the latter is made up of the Dharwar, Bastar and Singhbhum cratons; these are all surrounded by younger Proterozoic Fold Belts. A prominent ENE–WSW trending Central India Tectonic Zone (CITZ) separates these blocks whose fabric extends eastward through Chhotanagpur Plateau, while the isolated Meghalaya makes the sixth craton (Sharma 2009).
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 3. Tectonics of Sri Lanka
Abstract
Sri Lanka, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is located on southern tip of the Indian subcontinent, and is made up many offshore islands, with Mannar Island as the largest island.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 4. Proterozoic Mobile Belts
Abstract
The Indian Subcontinent is comprised of the Archean-Proterozoic cratons, the Aravalli Craton, the Bundelkhand Craton, the Mehghalaya Craton, the Bastar Craton, the Singhbhum Craton and the Dharwar Craton.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 5. Proterozoic ‘Purana’ Basins
Abstract
The Banded Gneiss Complex attached to the Aravalli Craton in the west with coeval Bundelkhand Craton in the center, the Singhbhum and the Meghalaya Cratons in the east, and the Bastar and Dharwar cratons in the south constitute the Precambrian nuclei of the Peninsular India.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 6. Tectonics of the Himalaya
Abstract
This chapter provides summarized geological and geophysical account of the youngest and highest mountain belt to elucidate the role of the continental lithospheric subduction of the Indian Plate in the evolution of the Himalaya during the Cenozoic.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 7. Trans-Himalayan and Karakoram Ranges
Abstract
The Himalayan Mountains are bordered on the northwest by the Ladakh, Karakoram, Pamir and the Hindu Kush ranges, while the Tibetan Plateau in the central part controls its overall shape. A 50–60 km wide tectonic valley, the Indus–Tsangpo Suture Zone, separates these geographical units as a garland throughout the Himalayan ranges from extreme west to the east. These mountain ranges of the Trans-Himalayan and Karakoram Mountains are essentially drained by the Indus, Shyok, Nubra Rivers and their tributaries in the west, and Tsangpo-Brahmaputra drainage system in the east.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 8. Deccan Volcanic Province
Abstract
The earliest description of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) characterized by the step-like profile of the hill-slopes may be traced to Sykes (1833; cf., Pascoe in Manual of the geology of India and Burma. Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp 483–1343, 1956) who coined the name derived from (Sanskrit word) “Dakshin” meaning south and (Swedish word) “Trappa” meaning stairway).
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 9. Tectonics of Western Margin of India
Abstract
Many texts books on the Indian geology have described the physiography and tectonics of the western margin of the Indian Peninsula (Pascoe in Manual of the Geology of India and Burma. Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 483–1343, 1956; Wadia in Geology of India. Macmillan, London, pp. 460, 1978; Krishnan in Geology of India and Burma. CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, pp. 53, 1982). However, spectacular character of these Sahyadri mountains was highlighted by Gunnell and Radhakrishna (Mem Geol Soc of India 47(1–2):1054, 2001) when it was pointed out these are no way less in their dimensions than the Himadri (=Himalayan) mountain chain due to their evolution during Cenozoic tectonics.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Chapter 10. Geology and Tectonics of Bangladesh
Abstract
Bangladesh is in the northeastern parts of the Indian Subcontinent between the Indian Shield to the west and the Indo-Myanmar Ranges to the east and shares the geology of the Bengal Basin.
A. K. Jain, D. M. Banerjee, Vivek S. Kale
Metadata
Title
Tectonics of the Indian Subcontinent
Authors
Prof. A.K. Jain
Prof. D.M. Banerjee
Prof. Dr. Vivek S. Kale
Copyright Year
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-42845-7
Print ISBN
978-3-030-42844-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42845-7