The Benefit Concept—How People Can Benefit from Urban Nature

“Urban ecosystem services” refers to benefits for city residents provided by urban nature. They are based on ecological functions that offer a direct or indirect benefit for human well-being. They are components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed or used by urban residents. The concept of urban ecosystem services aims to analyse, measure and assess the usefulness of urban nature for city residents and provides a foundation for urban development and planning. Studies list the most important services in more detail under the following: (1) urban nature supports good living conditions; (2) urban nature improves health; (3) experiencing and learning about nature in the city; (4) urban nature provides services; (5) urban nature is a location factor. The chapter explains which urban ecosystems provide which ecosystem services and how these can be measured, assessed, monitored and planned. Urban biodiversity is not merely the result of natural processes, but also that of conscious and unconscious shaping by humans. This means a paradigm shift regarding the traditional ideas of nature conservation that focus on preserving pristine habitats and exclusively on indigenous species. Urban biodiversity is often the only biodiversity that many people directly experience. Experiencing urban biodiversity will be the key to halt the loss of global biodiversity.