Skip to main content
Top

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. The Context: Wildlife and Wildlife Crime in South Africa from a Green Criminology Perspective

Author : Claude-Hélène Mayer

Published in: Combating Wildlife Crime in South Africa

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter is concerned with the theoretical frame of green criminology and the context of the research. It provides an outline and brief overview of wildlife and wildlife crime from a South African perspective, revising context-specific characteristics and challenges. It further discusses law enforcement on wildlife crime with regard to the continental and national context of this study. The chapter ends with a short summary.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
Previously disadvantaged groups include members of African, Indian and Coloured descent, women and individuals with disability.
 
2
See South African Development Community (2015) and CITES (2015) for complete member/stakeholder lists.
 
Literature
go back to reference Ashley, C., & Wolmer, W. (2003). Transforming or tinkering?: New forms of engagement between communities and the private sector in tourism and forestry in Southern Africa (Sustainable Livelihoods in Southern Africa Programme). Sussex: University of Sussex. Ashley, C., & Wolmer, W. (2003). Transforming or tinkering?: New forms of engagement between communities and the private sector in tourism and forestry in Southern Africa (Sustainable Livelihoods in Southern Africa Programme). Sussex: University of Sussex.
go back to reference Ayling, J. (2013). What sustains wildlife crime? Rhino horn trading and the resilience of criminal networks. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 16, 57–80.CrossRef Ayling, J. (2013). What sustains wildlife crime? Rhino horn trading and the resilience of criminal networks. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 16, 57–80.CrossRef
go back to reference Beirne, P., & South, N. (2007). Issues in green criminology: Confronting harms against environments, humanity and other animals. Devon: Willam Publishing. Beirne, P., & South, N. (2007). Issues in green criminology: Confronting harms against environments, humanity and other animals. Devon: Willam Publishing.
go back to reference Bennett, E. L. (2015a). Another inconvenient truth: The failure of enforcement systems to save charismatic species. In G. Wuerthner, E. Crist, & T. Butler (Eds.), Protecting the wild: Parks and Wilderness (pp. 189–193). Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics.CrossRef Bennett, E. L. (2015a). Another inconvenient truth: The failure of enforcement systems to save charismatic species. In G. Wuerthner, E. Crist, & T. Butler (Eds.), Protecting the wild: Parks and Wilderness (pp. 189–193). Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics.CrossRef
go back to reference Bennett, E. L. (2015b). Legal ivory trade in a corrupt wold and its impact on African elephant populations. Conservation Biology, 29(1), 54–60.CrossRef Bennett, E. L. (2015b). Legal ivory trade in a corrupt wold and its impact on African elephant populations. Conservation Biology, 29(1), 54–60.CrossRef
go back to reference Benton, T. (1998). Rights and justice on a shared planet: More rights or new relations? Theories in Criminology, 2(2), 149–175.CrossRef Benton, T. (1998). Rights and justice on a shared planet: More rights or new relations? Theories in Criminology, 2(2), 149–175.CrossRef
go back to reference Biggs, D., Courchamp, F., Martin, R., & Possingham, H. P. (2013). Conservation. Legal trade of Africa’s rhino horns. Science, 339, 1038–1039.CrossRef Biggs, D., Courchamp, F., Martin, R., & Possingham, H. P. (2013). Conservation. Legal trade of Africa’s rhino horns. Science, 339, 1038–1039.CrossRef
go back to reference Brisman, A. (2014). Of theory and meaning in green criminology. International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 3(2), 21–34.CrossRef Brisman, A. (2014). Of theory and meaning in green criminology. International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 3(2), 21–34.CrossRef
go back to reference Brisman, A., & South, N. (2013). A green cultural criminology: An exploratory outline. Crime Media Culture, 9(2), 115–135.CrossRef Brisman, A., & South, N. (2013). A green cultural criminology: An exploratory outline. Crime Media Culture, 9(2), 115–135.CrossRef
go back to reference Brisman, A., & South, N. (2014). Green cultural criminology: Constructions of environmental harm, consumerism and resistance to ecocide. Oxford: Routledge. Brisman, A., & South, N. (2014). Green cultural criminology: Constructions of environmental harm, consumerism and resistance to ecocide. Oxford: Routledge.
go back to reference Brisman, A., South, N., & White, R. (2016). Environmental crime and social conflict. Contemporary and emerging issues (Green criminology series). London: Routledge.CrossRef Brisman, A., South, N., & White, R. (2016). Environmental crime and social conflict. Contemporary and emerging issues (Green criminology series). London: Routledge.CrossRef
go back to reference Brockington, D., Duffy, R., & Igoe, J. (2008). Nature unbound: Conservation, capitalism and the future of protected areas. London: Routledge. Brockington, D., Duffy, R., & Igoe, J. (2008). Nature unbound: Conservation, capitalism and the future of protected areas. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Challender, D. W. S. (2011). Asian pangolins: Increasing affluence driving hunting pressure. TRAFFIC Bulletin, 23, 92–93. Challender, D. W. S. (2011). Asian pangolins: Increasing affluence driving hunting pressure. TRAFFIC Bulletin, 23, 92–93.
go back to reference Challender, D. W. S., & MacMillan, D. C. (2014). Poaching is more than an enforcement problem. Conservation Letters, 7(5), 484–494.CrossRef Challender, D. W. S., & MacMillan, D. C. (2014). Poaching is more than an enforcement problem. Conservation Letters, 7(5), 484–494.CrossRef
go back to reference Cloete, P. C., Van Der Merwe, P., & Saayman, M. (2015). Game ranch profitability in South Africa (2nd ed.). Pretoria: Caxton. Cloete, P. C., Van Der Merwe, P., & Saayman, M. (2015). Game ranch profitability in South Africa (2nd ed.). Pretoria: Caxton.
go back to reference Courouble, M., Hursh, F., & Milliken, T. (2003). More ivory than elephants: Domestic markets in three West African countries (Traffic Online Report Series, No. 8, Traffic East/Southern Africa). Cambridge, UK: Traffic International. Courouble, M., Hursh, F., & Milliken, T. (2003). More ivory than elephants: Domestic markets in three West African countries (Traffic Online Report Series, No. 8, Traffic East/Southern Africa). Cambridge, UK: Traffic International.
go back to reference Dalton, D. L., & Kotze, A. (2010). DNA barcoding as a tool for species identification in three forensic wildlife cases in South Africa. Forensic Science International, 207(1–3), 51–54. Dalton, D. L., & Kotze, A. (2010). DNA barcoding as a tool for species identification in three forensic wildlife cases in South Africa. Forensic Science International, 207(1–3), 51–54.
go back to reference Damm, G. (2005). Hunting in South Africa: Facts, risks and opportunities. African Indaba, 3, 1–14. Damm, G. (2005). Hunting in South Africa: Facts, risks and opportunities. African Indaba, 3, 1–14.
go back to reference Eliason, S. L. (2008). Wildlife crime: Conservation officer’s perceptions of elusive poachers. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 111–128.CrossRef Eliason, S. L. (2008). Wildlife crime: Conservation officer’s perceptions of elusive poachers. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 111–128.CrossRef
go back to reference Ferreira, S., Botha, J., & Emmett, M. (2012). Anthropogenic influences on conservation values of white rhinoceros. PLoS ONE, 7, 1–14. Ferreira, S., Botha, J., & Emmett, M. (2012). Anthropogenic influences on conservation values of white rhinoceros. PLoS ONE, 7, 1–14.
go back to reference Flynn, M., & Hall, M. (2016). The case for a victimology of nonhuman animal harms. Contemporary Justice Review, 20(3), 299–318.CrossRef Flynn, M., & Hall, M. (2016). The case for a victimology of nonhuman animal harms. Contemporary Justice Review, 20(3), 299–318.CrossRef
go back to reference Griffiths, M. (2017). The cultural impact of wildlife crime in South Africa. South African Crime Quarterly, 60, 45–50. Griffiths, M. (2017). The cultural impact of wildlife crime in South Africa. South African Crime Quarterly, 60, 45–50.
go back to reference Guerette, R. T., & Bowers, K. J. (2009). Assessing the extent of crime displacement and diffusion of benefits: A review of situational crime prevention evaluations. Criminology, 47(4), 1331–1368.CrossRef Guerette, R. T., & Bowers, K. J. (2009). Assessing the extent of crime displacement and diffusion of benefits: A review of situational crime prevention evaluations. Criminology, 47(4), 1331–1368.CrossRef
go back to reference Harvey, R. (2016). Risks and fallacies associated with promoting a legalised trade in ivory. Politikon, 43(2), 215–229.CrossRef Harvey, R. (2016). Risks and fallacies associated with promoting a legalised trade in ivory. Politikon, 43(2), 215–229.CrossRef
go back to reference Henson, D. W., Malpas, R. C., & D’Udine, F. A. C. (2016). Wildlife law enforcement in Sub-Saharan African protected areas. A review of best practices. Cambridge, UK: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.CrossRef Henson, D. W., Malpas, R. C., & D’Udine, F. A. C. (2016). Wildlife law enforcement in Sub-Saharan African protected areas. A review of best practices. Cambridge, UK: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.CrossRef
go back to reference Herbig, J. (2010). The illegal reptile trade as a form of conservation crime: A South African criminological investigation. In R. White (Ed.), Global environmental harm. Criminological perspectives. London: Routledge. Herbig, J. (2010). The illegal reptile trade as a form of conservation crime: A South African criminological investigation. In R. White (Ed.), Global environmental harm. Criminological perspectives. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Hübschle, A. (2016a). Security coordination in an illegal market: the transnational trade in rhinoceros horn. Politikon, 43(2), 193–214.CrossRef Hübschle, A. (2016a). Security coordination in an illegal market: the transnational trade in rhinoceros horn. Politikon, 43(2), 193–214.CrossRef
go back to reference Hübschle, A. (2016b). A game of horns: Transnational flows of Rhino horn. Köln: International Max Planck Research School. Hübschle, A. (2016b). A game of horns: Transnational flows of Rhino horn. Köln: International Max Planck Research School.
go back to reference Jones, B., & Weaver, C. (2008). CBNRM in Namibia: growth, trends, lessons and constraints. In evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation in southern Africa. In H. Suich, B. Child, & A. Spenceley (Eds.), Evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation: Parks and game ranches to transfrontier conservation areas (pp. 223–242). London, UK: Earthscan. Jones, B., & Weaver, C. (2008). CBNRM in Namibia: growth, trends, lessons and constraints. In evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation in southern Africa. In H. Suich, B. Child, & A. Spenceley (Eds.), Evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation: Parks and game ranches to transfrontier conservation areas (pp. 223–242). London, UK: Earthscan.
go back to reference Kepe, T., Wynberg, R., & Ellis, W. (2005). Land reform and biodiversity conservation in South Africa: complementary or in conflict? International Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management, 1, 3–16.CrossRef Kepe, T., Wynberg, R., & Ellis, W. (2005). Land reform and biodiversity conservation in South Africa: complementary or in conflict? International Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management, 1, 3–16.CrossRef
go back to reference Lambrechts, D., & Goga, K. (2016). Money and marginalisation: the lost war against Abalone poaching in South Africa. Politikon, 43(2), 231–249.CrossRef Lambrechts, D., & Goga, K. (2016). Money and marginalisation: the lost war against Abalone poaching in South Africa. Politikon, 43(2), 231–249.CrossRef
go back to reference Lemieuy, A. M., & Clarke, R. V. (2009). The international ban on ivory sales and its effects on elephant poaching in Africa. British Journal of Criminology, 49, 451–471.CrossRef Lemieuy, A. M., & Clarke, R. V. (2009). The international ban on ivory sales and its effects on elephant poaching in Africa. British Journal of Criminology, 49, 451–471.CrossRef
go back to reference Lindsey, P. A., & Taylor, W. A. (2012). A study on the dehorning of African rhinoceroses as a tool to reduce the risk of poaching. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs. Lindsey, P. A., & Taylor, W. A. (2012). A study on the dehorning of African rhinoceroses as a tool to reduce the risk of poaching. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs.
go back to reference Lindsey, P. A., Balme, G., Becker, M., Begg, C., Bento, C., Bocchino, C., et al. (2013). The bushmeat trade in African savannas: Impacts, drivers, and possible solutions. BiologicalConservation, 160, 80–96. Lindsey, P. A., Balme, G., Becker, M., Begg, C., Bento, C., Bocchino, C., et al. (2013). The bushmeat trade in African savannas: Impacts, drivers, and possible solutions. BiologicalConservation, 160, 80–96.
go back to reference Lynch, M. J., & Stretesky, P. B. (2014). Exploring green criminology: Toward a green criminology revolution. Farnham: Ashgate. Lynch, M. J., & Stretesky, P. B. (2014). Exploring green criminology: Toward a green criminology revolution. Farnham: Ashgate.
go back to reference Martin, R. B. (2012). A legal trade in rhino horn: Hobson’s choice. Johannesburg, South Africa: Rhino Survival Trust. Martin, R. B. (2012). A legal trade in rhino horn: Hobson’s choice. Johannesburg, South Africa: Rhino Survival Trust.
go back to reference Michel, A. L., Bengis, R. G., Hofmeyr, M., de Klerk, L. M., Cross, P. C., Jolles, A. E., et al. 463 (2006). Wildlife tuberculosis in South African conservation areas: Implications and challenges. 464. Veterinary Microbiology, 112(2–4), 91–100.CrossRef Michel, A. L., Bengis, R. G., Hofmeyr, M., de Klerk, L. M., Cross, P. C., Jolles, A. E., et al. 463 (2006). Wildlife tuberculosis in South African conservation areas: Implications and challenges. 464. Veterinary Microbiology, 112(2–4), 91–100.CrossRef
go back to reference Moreto, W. D. (2016). Occupational stress among law enforcement rangers: Insights from Uganda. Oryx, 50(4), 646–654.CrossRef Moreto, W. D. (2016). Occupational stress among law enforcement rangers: Insights from Uganda. Oryx, 50(4), 646–654.CrossRef
go back to reference Newmark, W. D., & Hough, J. L. (2000). Conserving wildlife in Africa: Integrating conservation and development projects and beyond: Because multiple factors hinder integrated conservation and development projects in Africa from achieving their objectives, alternative and complementary approaches for promoting wildlife conservation must be actively explored. BioScience, 50(7), 585–592.CrossRef Newmark, W. D., & Hough, J. L. (2000). Conserving wildlife in Africa: Integrating conservation and development projects and beyond: Because multiple factors hinder integrated conservation and development projects in Africa from achieving their objectives, alternative and complementary approaches for promoting wildlife conservation must be actively explored. BioScience, 50(7), 585–592.CrossRef
go back to reference Nurse, A. (2015). Policing wildlife: Perspectives on the enforcement of wildlife legislation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef Nurse, A. (2015). Policing wildlife: Perspectives on the enforcement of wildlife legislation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
go back to reference Nurse, A. (2017). Green criminology: Shining a critical lens on environmental harm. Palgrave Communications, 3(10), 1–4. Nurse, A. (2017). Green criminology: Shining a critical lens on environmental harm. Palgrave Communications, 3(10), 1–4.
go back to reference Ramutsindela, M. (2016). Wildlife crime and state security in South(ern) Africa: An overview of developments. Politikon, 43(2), 159–171.CrossRef Ramutsindela, M. (2016). Wildlife crime and state security in South(ern) Africa: An overview of developments. Politikon, 43(2), 159–171.CrossRef
go back to reference Reilly, B. K., Sutherland, E. A., & Harley, V. (2003). The nature and extent of wildlife ranching in Gauteng province, South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 32(2), 141–144. Reilly, B. K., Sutherland, E. A., & Harley, V. (2003). The nature and extent of wildlife ranching in Gauteng province, South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 32(2), 141–144.
go back to reference Shaw, A., Miller, K.K. & Wescott, G.C. (2016). Wildlife gardening and connectedness to nature: engaging the unengaged, Environmental Vlaues, 22(4), 483–502.CrossRef Shaw, A., Miller, K.K. & Wescott, G.C. (2016). Wildlife gardening and connectedness to nature: engaging the unengaged, Environmental Vlaues, 22(4), 483–502.CrossRef
go back to reference Snijders, D. (2012). Wild property and its boundaries—on wildlife policy and rural consequences in South Africa. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(2), 503–520.CrossRef Snijders, D. (2012). Wild property and its boundaries—on wildlife policy and rural consequences in South Africa. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(2), 503–520.CrossRef
go back to reference South, N. (2010). The ecocidal tendencies of late modernity: Transnational crime, social exclusions, victims and rights. In R. White (Ed.), Global environmental harm: Criminological perspective (pp. 228–247). Devon: William Publishing. South, N. (2010). The ecocidal tendencies of late modernity: Transnational crime, social exclusions, victims and rights. In R. White (Ed.), Global environmental harm: Criminological perspective (pp. 228–247). Devon: William Publishing.
go back to reference South, N., & Wyatt, T. (2011). Comparing illicit trades in wildlife and drugs: an exploratory study. Deviant Behaviour, 32(6), 538–361.CrossRef South, N., & Wyatt, T. (2011). Comparing illicit trades in wildlife and drugs: an exploratory study. Deviant Behaviour, 32(6), 538–361.CrossRef
go back to reference Stiles, D. (2004). The ivory trade and elephant conservation. Environmental Conservation, 31, 309–321.CrossRef Stiles, D. (2004). The ivory trade and elephant conservation. Environmental Conservation, 31, 309–321.CrossRef
go back to reference Tapela, B. N., & Omara-Ojungu, P. H. (1999). Towards bridging the gap between wildlife conservation and rural development in post-apartheid South Africa: The case of the Makulele community and the Kruger National Park. South African Geographical Journal, 81(3), 148–155.CrossRef Tapela, B. N., & Omara-Ojungu, P. H. (1999). Towards bridging the gap between wildlife conservation and rural development in post-apartheid South Africa: The case of the Makulele community and the Kruger National Park. South African Geographical Journal, 81(3), 148–155.CrossRef
go back to reference The National Agricultural Marketing Council. (2006). Report on the investigation to identify problems for sustainable growth and development in South African wildlife ranching. Pretoria: NAMC. The National Agricultural Marketing Council. (2006). Report on the investigation to identify problems for sustainable growth and development in South African wildlife ranching. Pretoria: NAMC.
go back to reference van Uhm, D. P. (2016). The illegal wildlife trade: Inside the world of poachers, smugglers ad traders. Rotterdam: Springer. van Uhm, D. P. (2016). The illegal wildlife trade: Inside the world of poachers, smugglers ad traders. Rotterdam: Springer.
go back to reference van Uhm, D. P. (2018). The social construction of the value of wildlife: A green cultural criminological perspective. Theoretical Criminology, 22(3), 384–401.CrossRef van Uhm, D. P. (2018). The social construction of the value of wildlife: A green cultural criminological perspective. Theoretical Criminology, 22(3), 384–401.CrossRef
go back to reference von Essen, E., & Allen, M. (2017). Interspecies violence and crimes of dissent: Communication ethics and legitimacy in message crimes involving wildlife. Critical Criminology, 25(2), 261–274.CrossRef von Essen, E., & Allen, M. (2017). Interspecies violence and crimes of dissent: Communication ethics and legitimacy in message crimes involving wildlife. Critical Criminology, 25(2), 261–274.CrossRef
go back to reference Warchol, G. (2004). The transnational illegal wildlife trade. Criminal Justice Studies, 17(1), 57–73.CrossRef Warchol, G. (2004). The transnational illegal wildlife trade. Criminal Justice Studies, 17(1), 57–73.CrossRef
go back to reference Warchol, G., & Johnson, B. (2011). Wildlife crime in the game reserves in South Africa: A research note. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 33(1), 143–154.CrossRef Warchol, G., & Johnson, B. (2011). Wildlife crime in the game reserves in South Africa: A research note. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 33(1), 143–154.CrossRef
go back to reference Wittemyer, G., Northrup, J. M., Blanc, J., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Omondi, P., & Burnham, K. P. (2014). Illegal killing for ivory drives global decline in African elephants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 13117–13121.CrossRef Wittemyer, G., Northrup, J. M., Blanc, J., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Omondi, P., & Burnham, K. P. (2014). Illegal killing for ivory drives global decline in African elephants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 13117–13121.CrossRef
go back to reference Wong, R. (2016). The organization of the illegal tiger parts trade in China. British Journal of Criminology, 56(5), 995–1013.CrossRef Wong, R. (2016). The organization of the illegal tiger parts trade in China. British Journal of Criminology, 56(5), 995–1013.CrossRef
go back to reference Wyatt, T. (2009). Exploring the organization of Russia far East’s illegal wildlife trade: Two case studies of the illegal fur and illegal falcon trades. Global Crime, 10(1–2), 144–154.CrossRef Wyatt, T. (2009). Exploring the organization of Russia far East’s illegal wildlife trade: Two case studies of the illegal fur and illegal falcon trades. Global Crime, 10(1–2), 144–154.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The Context: Wildlife and Wildlife Crime in South Africa from a Green Criminology Perspective
Author
Claude-Hélène Mayer
Copyright Year
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05891-3_2