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Published in:
Introduction to Automated Driving Read chapter Read first chapter

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

17. The New Role of Road Testing for the Safety Validation of Automated Vehicles

Authors : Walther Wachenfeld, Hermann Winner

Published in: Automated Driving

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

There is a difference between developing a vehicle that is driving itself as safely as today’s cars are driven and assessing this vehicle in terms of safety. The current approach to prove this safety is mainly and ultimately based on road testing.
This chapter first explains why proving safety of automated vehicles for their first introduction will be economically challenging when using road tests. The argumentation is based on a theory using a statistical approach. In the second part of the chapter, further conclusions are drawn from these findings, and a new universal theory on the introduction of automated systems motivated by an extended statistical point of view is proposed.

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previous chapter Functional Safety of Automated Driving Systems: Does ISO 26262 Meet the Challenges?
next chapter Validation of Highly Automated Safe and Secure Systems
Footnotes
1
The value (5 %, 1 %, 0.1 % etc.) that is taken needs further considerations but is just one variable in that theory. For this chapter, we intentionally use 1 % and thus a different value as used in [3]. We don’t want to be misunderstood that one or the other is the “right” value for that.
 
2
Please be aware that \( P\left(k>a\right)={\displaystyle \sum_{a+1}^{\infty}\frac{\lambda^k}{k!}{e}^{-\lambda }} \) is the cumulative distribution function. The same counts for \( P\left(k<a\right)={\displaystyle \sum_0^{a-1}\frac{\lambda^k}{k!}{e}^{-\lambda }} \).
 
3
$$ k=0.18\cdot {i}^2-41.16\cdot i+1202. $$
 
4
There exists more theory to define this limit but at this point we use a variable to keep it simple.
 
5
This is what we would like to encourage at that point. Please give positive and negative feedback on this introduction strategy to overcome the hindrances for introduction of higher automated systems.
 
Literature
1.
SAE International Standard J3016: Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms related to On-Road Motor Vehicle Automated Driving Systems, SAE International (2014)
2.
W. Wachenfeld et al., Use Cases for Autonomous Driving, in Autonomous Driving: Technical, Legal and Social Aspects, ed. by M. Maurer, J.C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, H. Winner (Springer, Berlin, 2016)
3.
W. Wachenfeld, H. Winner, The Release of Autonomous Vehicles, in Autonomous Driving: Technical, Legal and Social Aspects, ed. by M. Maurer, J.C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, H. Winner (Springer, Berlin, 2016), pp. 425–449
4.
W. Wachenfeld, H. Winner, Do Autonomous Vehicles Learn? in Autonomous Driving: Technical, Legal and Social Aspects, ed. by M. Maurer, J.C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, H. Winner (Springer, Berlin, 2016), pp. 451–471
5.
S. Geyer, M. Baltzer, B. Franz, S. Hakuli, M. Kauer, M. Kienle, S. Meier, T. Weißgerber, K. Bengler, R. Bruder, Concept and development of a unified ontology for generating test and use-case catalogues for assisted and automated vehicle guidance. IET Intell. Transp. Syst. 8(3), 183–189 (2013)CrossRef
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German Federal Statistics Agency (DESTATIS): Verkehrsunfälle 2013
7.
H.-P. Schöner, Challenges and Approaches for Testing of Highly Automated Vehicles, in CESA 3.0—Congress on Automotive Electronic Systems, Paris, 4 Dec 2014
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A. Nicholson, Y.-D. Wong, Are accidents poisson distributed? A statistical test. Accid. Anal. Prev. 25(1), 91–97 (1993)CrossRef
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M. Gründl, Fehler und Fehlverhalten als Ursache von Verkehrsunfällen und Konsequenzen für das Unfallvermeidungspotenzial und die Gestaltung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen (2005)
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P. Glauner, A. Blumenstock, M. Haueis, Effiziente Felderprobung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen, in 8. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme, ed. by UNI DAS e.V., pp. 5–14, Walting (2012)
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F. Schuldt, T. Menzel, M. Maurer, Eine Methode für die Zuordnung von Testfällen für automatisierte Fahrfunktionen auf X-in-the-Loop Simulationen im modularen virtuellen Testbaukasten, in 10. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme, ed. by UNI DAS e.V., Walting (2015)
13.
W. Wachenfeld, H. Winner, Virtual Assessment of Automation in Field Operation. A New Runtime Validation Method, in 10. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme, ed. by UNI DAS e.V., Walting (2015)
14.
H. Winner, Einrichtung zum Bereitstellen von Signalen in einem Kraftfahrzeug, Patent DE 101(02), 771 (2001)
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B. Hoye, D. Lambert, G. Sutton, Autonomous Driving Comparison and Evaluation, US Patent 20,150,175,168 (2015)
16.
17.
Metadata
Title
The New Role of Road Testing for the Safety Validation of Automated Vehicles
Authors
Walther Wachenfeld
Hermann Winner
Copyright Year
2017
Book
Automated Driving

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31893-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-31895-0

Copyright Year: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31895-0_17

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