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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. The Objectives of Sustainable Development of Water and Sanitation in Latin America

Authors : Teofilo Carlos N. Monteiro, Hildegarde Venero, Rosa M. Alcayhuman, Rodrigo Coelho de Carvalho

Published in: Safe Water and Sanitation for a Healthier World

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter aims to analyze the possibilities and scenarios for the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals of Water and Sanitation in Latin America. To this end, an analysis is made of the transition from the MDGs to the SDGs, and the challenge that the new qualitative principles impose in the water and sanitation indicators of the Sustainable Development goals represents for closing the gaps. Along these same lines, the first results obtained for some Latin American countries of the estimation of indicators 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3a are presented, as well as the information gaps derived from this exercise, accompanied by a proposal to generate/obtain information to have good quality indicators. Additionally, successful experiences of elimination of open defecation are analyzed as part of the sanitation ladder. As well as the inequities in the access to these services are discussed as part of the problem that revolves around the fulfillment of the SDGs, this being in turn one of the main causes of the breach of human rights to water and sanitation.

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This division of Latin America and the Caribbean in “subregional blocks” is the same proposed by JMP (WHO/UNICEF, 2017).

“Sewerage” is used here as an equivalent to “sewage systems.”

There are no JMP estimates available regarding the access to safely managed sanitation services in rural areas for 2017.

The variable “wealth” is a measure of socioeconomic status introduced in the late 1990s DHS editions, also used in the MICS and by JMP itself, in an adapted manner. It is a composite measure regarding the living standard of households (household services and possessions, such as televisions, bicycles and construction materials). As the wealth index originally includes variables related to drinking water and sanitation facilities, JMP uses a “restricted” version of the wealth index to disregard these variables and avoid tautologies (for more details, see Martel, 2016).

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The inequality factor was used in PAHO (2020) and QUEIROZ et al. (2020) to adjust levels of access to WASH services based on the degree of inequalities—the greater the inequalities between different population subgroups, the greater the decrease in the access index. This new methodology, a novelty in the WASH sector, was inspired by the Human Opportunity Index methodology (Barros, 2009), originally created to measure inequality in opportunities to access basic services. For more details on this methodology, see PAHO, 2019 and Queiroz et al. (2020).

A high level of per capita consumption was adopted (monthly consumption of 5m³) to generate a safety margin for the evaluation and due to the fact that water consumption is quite high in several regions of Latin America and the Caribbean.

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Title: The Objectives of Sustainable Development of Water and Sanitation in Latin America
Authors: Teofilo Carlos N. Monteiro
Hildegarde Venero
Rosa M. Alcayhuman
Rodrigo Coelho de Carvalho
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Safe Water and Sanitation for a Healthier World
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94019-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-94020-1

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94020-1_2