Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Paleoanthropology in Greece: Recent Findings and Interpretations Read chapter Read first chapter

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. The Role of the Central Balkans in the Peopling of Europe: Paleoanthropological Evidence

Author : Mirjana Roksandic

Published in: Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The paucity of fossil human remains from the Central Balkans represents a very serious lacuna in our understanding of human evolution in the Pleistocene of Europe, which is—as a result—strongly influenced by the material from the better researched parts of the continent further to the west of the Balkans. The scant fossil record from the Central Balkans suffers from a lack of archaeological/geological context, and with the exception of the Balanica hominin (BH-1) has no associated chronological data. In this chapter, I present all of the purported Pleistocene specimens currently known from the area and discuss their possible affinities.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Paleoanthropology in Greece: Recent Findings and Interpretations
next chapter The Importance of Croatian Pleistocene Hominin Finds in the Study of Human Evolution
Literature
Alcázar de Velasco, A., Arsuaga Ferreras, J. L., Martínez, I., & Bonmatí, A. (2011). Revisión de la mandíbula humana de Bañolas, Gerona, España. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección geológica, 105(1–4), 99–108.
Arnold, L. J., Demuro, M., Parés, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L., Aranburu, A., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., et al. (2014). Luminescence dating and palaeomagnetic age constraint on hominins from Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca, Spain. Journal of Human Evolution, 67, 85–107.CrossRef
Arsuaga, J. L., Martínez, I., Arnold, L. J., Aranburu, A., Gracia-Téllez, A., Sharp, W. D., et al. (2014). Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos. Science, 344, 1358–1363.CrossRef
Ascenzi, A., Mallegni, F., Manzi, G., Segre, A. G., & Naldini, E. S. (2000). A re-appraisal of Ceprano calvaria affinities with Homo erectus, after the new reconstruction. Journal of Human Evolution, 39(4), 443–450.CrossRef
Asfaw, B., Gilbert, W. H., & Richards, G. D. (2008). Homo erectus cranial anatomy. In W. H. Gilbert & B. Asfaw (Eds.), Homo erectus: Pleistocene evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia (pp. 265–328). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Athreya, S. (2012). The frontal bone in the genus Homo: A survey of functional and phylogenetic sources of variation. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 90, 59–80.
Aytek, I. A., & Harvati, K. (2016). The human fossil record from Turkey. In K. Harvati & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context (pp. 79–91). Dordrecht: Springer.
Bailey, S. E. (2002). Neandertal dental morphology: Implications for modern human origins. Unpublished PhD, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ.
Bailey, S. E., & Lynch, J. M. (2005). Diagnostic differences in mandibular P4 shape between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 126(3), 268–277.CrossRef
Bar-Yosef, O., & Belfer-Cohen, A. (2013). Following Pleistocene road signs of human dispersals across Europe. Quaternary International, 285, 30–40.CrossRef
Bar-Yosef, O., & Callander, J. (1999). The woman from Tabun: Garrod’s doubts in historical perspective. Journal of Human Evolution, 37(6), 879–885.CrossRef
Belmaker, M., Tchernov, E., Condemi, S., & Bar-Yosef, O. (2002). New evidence for hominid presence in the Lower Pleistocene of the Southern Levant. Journal of Human Evolution, 43(1), 43–56.CrossRef
Bruzek, J. (2006). The assessment of sex. In E. Trinkaus & J. R. Svoboda (Eds.), Early modern human evolution in Central Europe: The people of Dolní Vestonce and Pavlov. New York: Oxford Univeristy Press.
Carrión, J. S., Rose, J., & Stringer, C. (2011). Early human evolution in the Western Palaearctic: Ecological scenarios. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(11-12), 1281–1295.CrossRef
Cartmill, M., & Smith, F. H. (2009). The human lineage. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Cleghorn, B. M., Christie, W. H., & Dong, C. C. (2007). The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular second premolar: A literature review. Journal of Endodontics, 33(9), 1031–1037.CrossRef
Coppens, Y., Tseveendorj, D., Demeter, F., Turbat, T., & Giscard, P. H. (2008). Discovery of an archaic Homo sapiens skullcap in Northeast Mongolia. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 7, 51–60.CrossRef
Cvijić, J. (1903). Novi rezultati o glacijalnoj eposi Balkanskoga poluostrva. Beograd: Srpska kraljevska akademija.
Cvijić, J. (1918). La Péninsule Balkanique: Géographie Humaine. Paris: Colin.
Dean, D., Hublin, J.-J., Holloway, R., & Ziegler, R. (1998). On the phylogenetic position of the pre-Neandertal specimen from Reilingen, Germany. Journal of Human Evolution, 34(5), 485–508.CrossRef
Dennell, R. W., Martinón-Torres, M., & Bermúdez de Castro, J. M. (2011). Hominin variability, climatic instability and population demography in Middle Pleistocene Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(11–12), 1511–1524.CrossRef
Doboş, A., & Iovita, R. (2016). The Lower Paleolithic of Romania revisited: New evidence from the site of Dealul Guran. In K. Harvati & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context (pp. 171–186). Dordrecht: Springer.
Eastwood, W. J. (2004). East Mediterranean vegetation and climate change. In H. I. Griffiths, B. Krystufek, & J. M. Reed (Eds.), Balkan biodiversity: Pattern and process in the European hotspot (pp. 25–48). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.CrossRef
Falconer, H., & Cautley, P. T. S. (1847). Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis: Proboscidea. London: Smith Elder.
Falguères, C., Bahain, J.-J., Tozzi, C., Boschian, G., Dolo, J.-M., Mercier, N., et al. (2008). ESR/U-series chronology of the Lower Palaeolithic palaeoanthropological site of Visogliano, Trieste, Italy. Quaternary Geochronology, 3(4), 390–398.CrossRef
Frayer, D. W., Jelínek, J., Oliva, M., & Wolpoff, M. H. (2006). Aurignacian male crania, jaws and teeth from the Mladeč Caves, Moravia, Czech Republic. In M. Teschler-Nicola (Ed.), Early modern humans at the Moravian Gate: The Mladeč Caves and their remains (pp. 185–272). Vienna: Springer.CrossRef
Gabunia, L., & Vekua, A. (1995). A Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Dmanisi, East Georgia, Caucasus. Nature, 373, 509–512.CrossRef
Gauta, I., Vazdar, M. A., & Vodanović, M. (2010). Human molar crown traits in Croatian medieval and contemporary populations. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 44, 3e16.
Gavela, B. (1951). Iskopavanja na paleolitskom lokalitetu Pećina pod Jerininim brdom u Gracu kod Kragujevca. Glasnik SANU, III(2).
Gorjanović-Kramberrger, D. (1906). Der Diluviale Menschvon Krapina in Kroatien. Wiesbaden: C. W. Kreidel’s Verlag.
Griffiths, H. I., Krystufek, B., & Reed, J. M. (Eds.). (2004). Balkan biodiversity: Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Grimaud-Herve, D., Widianto, H., Detroit, F., & Semah, F. (2012). Comparative morphological and morphometric description of the hominin calvaria from Bukuran (Sangiran, Central Java, Indonesia). Journal of Human Evolution, 63(5), 637–652.CrossRef
Harvati, K. (2016). Paleoanthropology in Greece: Recent finds and implications. In K. Havarti & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context (pp. 3–14). Dordrecht: Springer.
Harvati, K., Darlas, A., Bailey, S. E., Rein, T. R., El Zaatari, S., Fiorenza, L., et al. (2013). New Neanderthal remains from Mani peninsula, Southern Greece: The Kalamakia Middle Paleolithic cave site. Journal of Human Evolution, 64(6), 486–499.CrossRef
Harvati, K., Stringer, C., & Karkanas, P. (2011). Multivariate analysis and classification of the Apidima 2 cranium from Mani, Southern Greece. Journal of Human Evolution, 60(2), 246–250.
Harvati, K., Hublin, J.-J., & Gunz, P. (2010). Evolution of middle-late Pleistocene human cranio-facial form: A 3-D approach. Journal of Human Evolution, 59(5), 445–464.CrossRef
Harvati, K., Panagopoulou, E., & Runnels, C. (2009). The paleoanthropology of Greece. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 18(4), 131–143.
Hewitt, G. M. (2011). Mediterranean peninsulas: The evolution of hotspots. In F. E. Zachos & J. C. Habel (Eds.), Biodiversity hotspots distribution and protection of conservation priority areas (pp. 123–147). Berlin: Springer.
Hillson, S. (1996). Dental anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Howell, F. (1996). Thoughts on the study and interpretation of the human fossil record. In W. Meikle, F. Howell, & N. Jablonski (Eds.), Contemporary issues in human evolution (Vol. Mem 21, pp. 1–46). San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
Howell, F. (1999). Paleo-demes, species clades, and extinctions in the Pleistocene hominin record. Journal of Anthropological Research, 55, 191–243.CrossRef
Howells, W. W. (1989). Skull shapes and the map. Craniometric analyses in the dispersion of modern homo (Vol. 79). Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum.
Hublin, J.-J. (2013). The Middle Pleistocene record. On the origin of Neandertals, modern humans and others. In D. Begun (Ed.), A companion to paleoanthropology (pp. 517–537). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.CrossRef
Ivanova, S. (2016). A route through the Balkans and implications for the earliest settlement of Europe. In K. Harvati & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context (pp. 187–211). Dordrecht: Springer.
Janković, I., Ahern, J. C. M., Karavanić, I., & Smith, F. H. (2016). The importance of Croatian Pleistocene hominin finds in the study of human evolution. In K. Havarti & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context (pp. 35–50). Dordrecht: Springer.
Jovanović, D. P. (1892). Prilozi za Paleontropologiju srpskih zemalja. Starinar, IX, 24–33.
Kennedy, K. A. R. (2000). God-apes and fossil men: Paleoanthropology of South Asia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigen Press.CrossRef
Koufos, G. D. & D. S. Kostopoulos (2016). The Plio-Pleistocene Large Mammal Record of Greece: Implications for Early Human Dispersals into Europe. In K. Harvati & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context. Dordrecht: Springer.
Koufos, G. D., Kostopoulos, D. S., & Vlachou, T. D. (2005). Neogene/Quaternary mammalian migrations in Eastern Mediterranean. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135(2), 181–190.
Lordkipanidze, D., Ponce de León, M. S., Margvelashvili, A., Rak, Y., Rightmire, G. P., Vekua, A., et al. (2013). A complete skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the evolutionary biology of early Homo. Science, 342(6156), 326–331.CrossRef
Lordkipanidze, D., Vekua, A., Ferring, R., Rightmire, R. G., Zollikofer, C. P. E., Ponce de León, M. S., et al. (2006). A Fourth hominin skull from Dmanisi, Georgia. The Anatomical Record, 288, 1146–1157.CrossRef
Lubsen, K. D., & Corruccini, R. S. (2011). Morphometric analysis of the Herto cranium (BOU-VP-16/1): Where does it fit? Journal of Contemporary Anthropology, 2, 1–16.
Lycett, S. J. (2009). Understanding ancient hominin dispersals using artefactual data: A phylogeographic analysis of Acheulean handaxes. PLoS One, 4(10), e7404.CrossRef
Manzi, G. (2012). On the trail of the genus Homo between archaic and derived morphologies. Journal of Anthropological Science, 90, 99–116.
Manzi, G., Magri, D., & Palombo, M. R. (2011). Early-Middle Pleistocene environmental changes and human evolution in the Italian peninsula. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30, 1420–1438.CrossRef
Marković, S. B., Bokhorst, M. P., Vandenberghe, J., McCoy, W. D., Oches, E. A., Hambach, U., et al. (2008). Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences in the Vojvodina region, north Serbia. Journal of Quaternary Science, 23(1), 73–84.CrossRef
Martin, R., & Saller, K. (1957). Lehrbuch der Anthropologie (Vol. 1). Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
Martinez de Pinillos, M., Martinón-Torres, M., Skinner, M. M., Arsuaga, J. L., Gracia-Tellez, A., Martínez, I., et al. (2014). Trigonid crest expression in Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos lower molars: Internal and external morphological expression and evolutionary inferences. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 13(3), 205–221.CrossRef
Martinón-Torres, M., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Gomez-Robles, A., Prado-Simon, L., & Arsuaga, J. L. (2012). Morphological description and comparison of the dental remains from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos site (Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 62(1), 7–58.CrossRef
Martinón-Torres, M., de Castro, J. M. B., Gomez-Robles, A., Margvelashvili, A., Prado, L., Lordkipanidze, D., et al. (2008). Dental remains from Dmanisi (Republic of Georgia): Morphological analysis and comparative study. Journal of Human Evolution, 55(2), 249–273.CrossRef
Martinón-Torres, M., Martine de Pinillos, M., Skinner, M. M., Martin-Frances, L., Gracia-Tellez, A., Martínez, I., et al. (2014). Talonid crest expression at the enamel-dentine junction of hominin lower permanent and deciduous molars. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 13(3), 223–234.CrossRef
Mihailović, D. (2008). New data about the Middle Palaeolithic of Serbia. In A. Darlas & D. Mihailović (Eds.), The Palaeolithic of the Balkans (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1819) (pp. 93–100). Oxford: Archaeopress.
Mihailović, D., & Bogićević, K. (2016). Technological changes and population movements in the late Lower and early Middle Palaeolithic of the Central Balkans. In K. Havarti & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context (pp. 139–151). Dordrecht: Springer.
Mirazón Lahr, M., & Haydenblit, R. (1995). The human remains from the site of Et-Tin, Israel. Paléorient, 21, 97–111.
Mol, D., de Vos, J., & van der Plicht, J. (2007). The presence and extinction of Elephas antiquus Falconer and Cautley, 1847, in Europe. Quaternary International, 169–170, 149–153.CrossRef
Mounier, A., & Caparros, M. (2015). The phylogenetic status of Homo heidelbergensis—A cladistic study of Middle Pleistocene hominins. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d anthropologie de Paris. Published on-line August 2015. doi:10.​1007/​s13219-015-0127-4.
Mounier, A., Marchal, F., & Condemi, S. (2009). Is Homo heidelbergensis a distinct species? New insight on the Mauer mandible. Journal of Human Evolution, 56(3), 219–246.CrossRef
Murrill, R. I. (1981). Petralona man: A descriptive and comparative study, with new important information on Rhodesian man. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Muttoni, G., Scardia, G., & Kent, D. V. (2013). A critique of evidence for human occupation of Europe older than the Jaramillo subchron (∼1 Ma): Comment on Toro-Moyano et al. (2013). Journal of Human Evolution, 65, 746–749.CrossRef
Nomade, S., Muttoni, G., Guillou, H., Robin, E., & Scardia, G. (2011). First 40Ar/39Ar age of the Ceprano man (central Italy). Quaternary Geochronology, 6(5), 453–457.CrossRef
Quam, R., & Smith, F. H. (1998). A reassessment of the Tabun C2 mandible. In T. Akazawa, K. Aoki, & O. Bar-Yosef (Eds.), Neandertals and modern humans in Western Asia (pp. 405–421). New York: Kluwer Academic.
Radović, P., Lindal, J., & Roksandic, M. (2014). A re-examination of the human fossil specimen from Bački Petrovac (Serbia). HOMO Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 65(4), 281–295.CrossRef
Rightmire, G. P. (1990). The evolution of Homo erectus. Comparative anatomical studies of an extinct human species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Rightmire, G. P. (1996). The human cranium from Bodo, Ethiopia: Evidence for speciation in the Middle Pleistocene. Journal of Human Evolution, 31(1), 21–39.CrossRef
Rightmire, G. P. (1998). Human evolution in the Middle Pleistocene: The role of Homo heidelbergensis. Evolutionary Anthropology, 6(6), 218–227.CrossRef
Rightmire, G. P. (2008). Homo in the Middle Pleistocene: Hypodigms, variation, and species recognition. Evolutionary Anthropology, 17, 8–21.CrossRef
Rink, W. J., Mercier, N., Mihailović, D., Morley, M. W., Thompson, J. W., & Roksandic, M. (2013). New radiometric ages for the BH-1 hominin from Balanica (Serbia): Implications for understanding the role of the Balkans in Middle Pleistocene human evolution. PLoS One, 8(2), e54608.CrossRef
Roksandic, M. (2015). The role of Balkans in the peopling of Europe: New evidence from Serbia. In A. R. Sankhyan, (Ed.), Proceedings of the BH13 Panel: “Exploring Human Origins” 17th IUAES Congress Manchester 2013 (pp. 63–68). Oxford: Archaeopress.
Roksandic, M., & Dimitrijević, V. (2001). A human mandible from the loess in the vicinity of Belgrade (Yugoslavia). Human Evolution, 16(1), 27–36.CrossRef
Roksandic, M., Mihailović, D., Mercier, N., Dimitrijević, V., Morley, M. W., Rakočević, Z., et al. (2011). A human mandible (BH-1) from the Pleistocene deposits of Mala Balanica cave (Sicevo Gorge, Nis, Serbia). Journal of Human Evolution, 61(2), 186–196.CrossRef
Roksandic, M., Radović, P., Alex, B. A., Pavić, S., Paunović, M., & Marković, Z. (2014). Looking for hominins in Museum drawers—possible Upper Pleistocene specimens from Serbia: morphological descriptions and radiocarbon dating. In D. Mihailovic (Ed.), Palaeolithic and mesolithic research in the Central Balkans (pp. 7–20). Belgrade: Serbian Archaeological Society.
Rosas, A. (2001). Occurrence of Neanderthal features in mandibles from the Atapuerca-SH site. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 114(1), 74–91.CrossRef
Schwartz, J. H., & Tattersall, I. (2000). The human chin revisited: What is it and who has it? Journal of Human Evolution, 38(3), 367–409.CrossRef
Scott, G. R., & Turner, C. G. I. (1997). The anthropology of modern human teeth: Dental morphology and its variation in recent human populations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Sherwood, S. C., Windingstad, J. D., Barker, A. W., O’Shea, J. M., & Sherwood, W. C. (2013). Evidence for Holocene aeolian activity at the close of the Middle Bronze Age in the Eastern Carpathian Basin: Geoarchaeological results from the Mureş River Valley, Romania. Geoarchaeology, 28(2), 131–146.CrossRef
Simmons, T., Falsetti, A. B., & Smith, F. H. (1991). Frontal bone morphometrics of southwest Asian Pleistocene hominids. Journal of Human Evolution, 20(3), 249–269.CrossRef
Skinner, M. M., De Vries, D., Gunz, P., Hublin, J.-J., Kupczik, K., Klassen, R. P., & Roksandic, M. (2016). Morphological affinity of the Balanica mandible (BH-1): Molar enamel-dentine junction morphology, discrete dental traits, and enamel thickness. Journal of Human Evolution, 93, 63–81.
Sládek, V., Trinkaus, E., Sefcáková, A., Halouzka, R. (2002). Morphological affinities of the Sal’a 1 frontal bone. Journal of Human Evolution, 43(6):787–815.
Spassov, N. (2016). Southeastern Europe as a route for the earliest dispersal of Homo towards Europe: Ecological conditions and the timing of the first human occupation of Europe. In K. Harvati & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context (pp. 281–290). Dordrecht: Springer.
Stansfield, E., & Gunz, P. (2011). Skhodnya, Khvalynsk, Satanay, and Podkumokcalvaria: Possible Upper Palaeolithic hominins from European Russia. Journal of Human Evolution, 60(2), 129–144.CrossRef
Strait, D. S., Orr, C. M., Hodgkins, J., Spassov, N., Gurova, M., Miller, C., et al. (2016). The human fossil record of Bulgaria, and the formulation of biogeographic hypotheses. In K. Harvati & M. Roksandic (Eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia: Human evolution and its context. Dordrecht: Springer.
Stringer, C. (2012). The status of Homo heidelbergensis (Schoetensack 1908). Evolutionary Anthropology, 21(3), 101–107.CrossRef
Toro-Moyano, I., Martínez-Navarro, B., Agustí, J., Souday, C., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Martinón-Torres, M., et al. (2013). The oldest human fossil in Europe dated to ca. 1.4Ma at Orce (Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 65(1), 1–9.CrossRef
Tourloukis, V. (2010). The Early and Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of Greece: Current status and future prospects. Leiden: Leiden University Press.
Trinkaus, E. (1983). The Shanidar Neanderthals. New York: Academic.
Tzedakis, P. C. (2004). The Balkan as prime glacial refugial territory of European temperate trees. In H. I. Griffiths, B. Krystufek, & J. M. Reed (Eds.), Balkan biodiversity: Pattern and process in the European hotspot (pp. 49–69). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.CrossRef
Uchida, Y., Goto, M., Danjo, A., Yamashita, Y., & Kuraoka, A. (2012). Anatomic measurement of the depth and location of the sublingual fossa. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 12, 1571–1576.CrossRef
Van Kolfschoten, T., & Markova, A. K. (2005). Response of the European mammalian fauna to the mid Pleistocene transition. In M. J. Head & P. L. Gibbard (Eds.), Early-Middle Pleistocene transitions: The land-ocean evidence (pp. 251–262). London: Geological Society, Special Publications, 247.
Vandermeersch, B. (1981). L’Homme fossile de Qafzeh. Paris: C.N.R.S.
Wagner, G. A., Krbetschek, M., Degering, D., Bahain, J. J., Shao, Q., Falguères, C., et al. (2010). Radiometric dating of the type-site for Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer, Germany. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 107(46), 19726–19730.CrossRef
Weidenreich, F. (1943). The skull of Sinanthropus pekinensis: A comparative study on a primitive hominid skull (Vol. 10). Pehpei, Chungking: Geological Survey of China.
Wu, X., & Athreya, S. (2013). A description of the geological context, discrete traits, and linear morphometrics of the Middle Pleistocene hominin from Dali, Shaanxi Province, China. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 150, 141–157.CrossRef
Živanović, S. (1966). Prethodno saopštenje o nalazu dva ostatka lobanja praistorijskog čoveka iz Vojvodine. Starinar, XV-XVI, 187–190.
Živanović, S. (1975). Lobanja iz Bačkog Petrovca. Starinar, XXIV-XXV, 155–156.
Žujović, J. (1893). Geologija Srbije (Vol. 1). Beograd.
Metadata
Title
The Role of the Central Balkans in the Peopling of Europe: Paleoanthropological Evidence
Author
Mirjana Roksandic
Copyright Year
2016
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia

Print ISBN: 978-94-024-0873-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-024-0874-4

Copyright Year: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0874-4_2