1 Introduction
2 Experimental section
2.1 Samples preparation
2.2 Analytical procedures
2.3 Adsorption studies
2.3.1 H2S and NO2 adsorption
2.3.2 Iodine adsorption
3 Results and discussion
3.1 Elemental composition of the activated carbons
Sample | Ash | Cdaf1
| Hdaf
| Ndaf
| Sdaf
| Odaf2
| Yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HPA7-15 | 29.1 | 83.4 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 12.6 | 71.0 |
HPA7-30 | 25.6 | 84.8 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 72.3 |
HPA8-15 | 27.6 | 86.1 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 11.1 | 70.3 |
HPA8-30 | 27.2 | 86.0 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 10.9 | 68.1 |
HDA7-15 | 23.6 | 81.7 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 13.4 | 21.6 |
HDA7-30 | 21.8 | 79.1 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 17.1 | 23.1 |
HDA8-15 | 26.1 | 82.2 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 13.5 | 18.0 |
HDA8-30 | 23.7 | 86.7 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 10.4 | 20.2 |
3.2 Textural parameters of activated carbons
Sample | Total surface area (m2/g) | Micropore area (m2/g) | Total pore volume (cm3/g) | Micropore volume (cm3/g) | Vmic/Vt
| Average pore diameter (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HPA7-15 | 368 | 338 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.76 | 2.76 |
HPA7-30 | 354 | 325 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.72 | 2.80 |
HPA8-15 | 363 | 339 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.79 | 2.65 |
HPA8-30 | 360 | 336 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.83 | 2.61 |
HDA7-15 | 319 | 293 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 2.78 |
HDA7-30 | 291 | 268 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.75 | 2.76 |
HDA8-15 | 365 | 343 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.77 | 2.87 |
HDA8-30 | 356 | 326 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.72 | 2.75 |
3.3 Acid–base properties of the activated carbons
Sample | PH | Acidic groups (mmol/g) | Basic groups (mmol/g) | Total content (mmol/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
HPA7-15 | 10.5 | 0.10 | 2.64 | 2.74 |
HPA7-30 | 9.7 | 0.03 | 3.24 | 3.27 |
HPA8-15 | 10.4 | 0.00 | 2.51 | 2.51 |
HPA8-30 | 9.2 | 0.00 | 3.32 | 3.32 |
HDA7-15 | 10.3 | 0.22 | 2.02 | 2.24 |
HDA7-30 | 10.0 | 0.15 | 2.07 | 2.22 |
HDA8-15 | 10.1 | 0.12 | 2.41 | 2.53 |
HDA8-30 | 10.5 | 0.00 | 2.34 | 2.34 |
3.4 Sorption abilities of the activated carbons toward nitrogen dioxide
Sample | NO2 breakthrough capacities (mg/g) | |
---|---|---|
Dry conditions | Wet conditions | |
HPA7-15 | 37.3 | 34.0 |
HPA7-30 | 40.4 | 34.5 |
HPA8-15 | 44.9 | 37.5 |
HPA8-30 | 46.0 | 44.7 |
HDA7-15 | 32.0 | 52.6 |
HDA7-30 | 29.2 | 41.6 |
HDA8-15 | 31.0 | 55.1 |
HDA8-30 | 36.7 | 28.9 |
3.5 Sorption abilities of activated carbons toward H2S
Sample | H2S breakthrough capacities (mg/g) | |
---|---|---|
Dry conditions | Wet conditions | |
HPA7-15 | 11.0 | 39.0 |
HPA7-30 | 5.9 | 24.0 |
HPA8-15 | 6.0 | 32.3 |
HPA8-30 | 8.4 | 25.0 |
HDA7-15 | 10.9 | 12.5 |
HDA7-30 | 5.2 | 12.3 |
HDA8-15 | 8.3 | 26.1 |
HDA8-30 | 9.7 | 25.7 |