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2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Thermodynamics

Authors : Michael Hilgers, Wilfried Achenbach

Published in: The Diesel Engine

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Thermodynamics describes the process by which one form of energy is converted into another. Heat as a form of energy is a central aspect of the subject. With reference to the internal combustion engine, the conversion of the chemical energy in the fuel to the thermal energy of combustion, and finally to mechanical energy is a thermodynamic process. The internal combustion engine is a thermodynamic machine.

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previous chapter The Exhaust System
Footnotes
1
The inverse process is only made possible by the introduction of additional energy (pumping) and is embodied by the heat pump.
 
2
There are several different formulations of the second law, but ultimately they all describe the same truth.
 
3
macroscopically, all processes are irreversible because of the effects of friction.
 
4
N = NA · n.
 
5
It may be helpful to review the units of the various heat capacities:
$$ \left[ {{\text{C}}_{V} } \right] = \frac{\text{J}}{\rm{K}} $$
(7.16)
$$ \left[ {{\text{C}}_{V}^{\text{\;\;molar}} } \right] = \frac{\text{J}}{{{\rm{K}} \cdot {\text{mol}}}} $$
(7.17)
$$ \left[ {{\text{c}}_{V} } \right] = \frac{\text{J}}{{{\text{K}} \cdot {\text{kg}}}} $$
(7.18)
The same applies correspondingly for Cp.
 
6
we assume that the specific heat constant cv is constant within the whole process: \( {\text{c}}_{\text{v}}{( 3\to 2)} + {\text{c}}_{\text{v}}{( 4\to 1)} \).
 
7
But even with blow-by of just 0.5%, the volume of gas forced into the crankcase is substantial. In an engine turning at 1200 rpm, this amounts to 72,000 revolutions per hour; and in a 4-stroke, 6-cylinder engine 216,000 ignition cycles in the engine. Assuming 2 l of gas per cylinder and gas loss of 0.5%, you arrive at 2160 l of blow-by-gas per hour. This is why the crankcase has to be vented.
 
Metadata
Title
Thermodynamics
Authors
Michael Hilgers
Wilfried Achenbach
Copyright Year
2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
The Diesel Engine

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-60856-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-60857-9

Copyright Year: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60857-9_7

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