Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Fundamentals of Engineering Surfaces Read chapter Read first chapter

2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Tribology of Metal Matrix Composites

Authors : Pradeep K. Rohatgi, Meysam Tabandeh-Khorshid, Emad Omrani, Michael R. Lovell, Pradeep L. Menezes

Published in: Tribology for Scientists and Engineers

Publisher: Springer New York

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are an important class of engineering materials that are increasingly replacing a number of conventional materials in the automotive, aerospace, marine, and sports industries due to their lightweight and superior mechanical properties. In MMCs, nonmetallic materials are embedded into the metals or the alloys as reinforcements to obtain a novel material with attractive engineering properties, such as improved ultimate tensile strength, ductility, toughness, and tribological behavior. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to summarize the tribological performance of various MMCs as a function of several relevant parameters. These parameters include material parameters (size, shape, volume fraction, and type of the reinforcements), mechanical parameters (normal load and sliding speed), and physical parameters (temperature and the environment). In general, it was shown that the wear resistance and friction coefficient of MMCs are improved by increasing the volume fraction of the reinforcements. As the normal load and sliding speed increase, the wear rate of the composites increases and the friction coefficient of the composites decreases. The wear rate and friction coefficient decrease with increasing temperature up to a critical temperature, and thereafter both wear rate and friction coefficient increase with increasing temperature. The nano-composites showed best friction and wear performance when compared to micro-composites.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Tribology of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites
next chapter Coatings Tribology
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Nosonovsky M, Rohatgi PK (2012) Biomimetics in materials science. Springer, New York
2.
Wei Y et al (2011) Characterizations of DLC/MAO composite coatings on AZ80 Magnesium alloy. Acta Metall Sin 47:1535–1540
3.
Ted Guo ML, Tsao C-YA (2000) Tribological behavior of self-lubricating aluminium/SiC/graphite hybrid composites synthesized by the semi-solid powder-densification method. Compos Sci Technol 60(1):65–87
4.
Wu Y et al (1997) A study of the optimization mechanism of solid lubricant concentration in Ni/MoS2 self-lubricating composite. Wear 205:64–70
5.
Kozma M (2003) Friction and wear of aluminum matrix composites. In: 3rd national tribology conference, Galati, Romania
6.
Jinfeng L et al (2009) Effect of graphite particle reinforcement on dry sliding wear of SiC/Gr/Al composites. Rare Metal Mater Eng 38(11):1894–1898
7.
Riahi AR, Alpas AT (2001) The role of tribo-layers on the sliding wear behavior of graphitic aluminum matrix composites. Wear 251(1–12):1396–1407
8.
Sannino AP, Rack HJ (1995) Dry sliding wear of discontinuously reinforced aluminum composites: review and discussion. Wear 189:1–19
9.
Choi HJ, Lee SM, Bae DH (2010) Wear characteristics of aluminum-based composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Wear 270:12–18
10.
Naplocha K, Granat K (2008) Dry sliding wear of Al/Saffil/C hybrid metal matrix composites. Wear 265:1734–1740
11.
Akhlaghi F, Pelaseyyed SA (2004) Characterization of aluminum/graphite particulate composites synthesized using a novel method termed “in-situ powder metallurgy”. Mater Sci Eng A 385:258–266
12.
Kim I-Y, Lee Y-Z (2011) Tribological behavior of aluminum-CNT coated metal composite under dry and water lubricated conditions. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11:335–338
13.
Toptan F, Kerti I, Rocha LA (2012) Reciprocal dry sliding wear behavior of B4C reinforced aluminum alloy matrix composites. Wear 290–291:74–85
14.
Natarajan N, Vijayaranangan S, Rajendran I (2006) Wear behaviour of A356/25SiCp aluminium matrix composites sliding against automobile friction material. Wear 261:812–822
15.
Shafiei-Zarghani A, Kashani-Bozorg SF, Zarei-Hanzaki A (2009) Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al/Al2O3 surface nano-composite layer produced by friction stir processing. Mater Sci Eng A 500:84–91
16.
Ghasemi-Kahrizsangi A, Kashani-Bozorg SF (2012) Microstructure and mechanical properties of steel/TiC nano-composite surface layer produced by friction stir processing. Surf Coat Technol 209:15–22
17.
Sharma SC (2001) The sliding wear behavior of Al6061–garnet particulate composites. Wear 249:1036–1045
18.
Hemath Kumar G et al. (2010) The abrasive wear behaviour of Al-SiCp composites for automotive parts In: Frontiers in automobile and mechanical engineering 2010. Chennai, India
19.
Li JL, Xiong DS (2008) Tribological properties of nickel-based self-lubricating composite at elevated temperature and counterface material selection. Wear 265:533–539
20.
Ramesh CS et al (2013) Tribological characteristics of innovative Al6061–carbon fiber rod metal matrix composites. Mater Design 50:597–605
21.
Tu JP, Yang YZ (2000) Tribological behaviour of Al18B4O33-whisker-reinforced hypoeutectic Al–Si–Mg-matrix composites under dry sliding conditions. Compos Sci Technol 60(9):1801–1809
22.
Bindumadhavan PN, Wah HK, Prabhakar O (2001) Dual particle size (DPS) composites: effect on wear and mechanical properties of particulate metal matrix composites. Wear 248(1–2):112–120
23.
Alpas AT, Zhang J (1994) Effect of microstructure (particulate size and volume fraction) and counterface material on the sliding wear resistance of particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Metall Mater Trans A 25(5):969–983
24.
Gul F, Acilar M (2004) Effect of the reinforcement volumefraction on the dry sliding wear behaviour of Al–10Si/SiCp composites produced by vacuum infiltration technique. Compos Sci Technol 64(13–14):1959–1970
25.
Prasad SV, Asthana R (2004) Aluminum metal–matrix composites for automotive applications: tribological considerations. Tribol Lett 17(3):445
26.
Kumar KR et al (2012) Effect of particle size on mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of aluminium/fly ash composites. Sci Eng Compos Mater 19(3):247–253
27.
Purohit R, Hemathkumar G, Sgar R (2002) Fabrication and wear testing of Aluminum based metal matrix composite automotive parts. In: National seminar on emerging trends in manufacturing, Varanasi, India
28.
Hemath Kumar G et al. (2003) Abrasive friction and wear behaviour of Al-SiCp composite for Valve guide. In: International conference, Delhi, India
29.
Das S et al (2000) Influence of load and abrasive size on the two body abrasive wear of Al–SiC composites. Aluminum Trans 2:27–36
30.
Das S, Mondal DP, Dixit G (2001) Mechanical properties of pressure die cast Al hard part composite. Metall Mater Trans A 32(3):633–642
31.
Das S et al (2008) Synergic effect of reinforcement and heat treatment on the two body abrasive wear of an Al–Si alloy under varying loads and abrasive sizes. Wear 264:47–59
32.
Srivastava S, Mohan S (2011) Study of wear and friction of Al-Fe metal matrix composite produced by liquid metallurgical method. Tribol Industry 33(3):128–137
33.
Zhang M-J et al (2010) Effect of graphite content on wear property of graphite/Al2O3/Mg-9Al-1Zn-0.8Ce composites. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 20:207–211
34.
Degnan CC, Shipway PH (2002) Influence of reinforcement volume fraction on sliding wear behaviour of SHS derived ferrous based metal matrix composite. Mater Sci Technol 18(10):1156–1162
35.
Vencl A, Rac A, Bobic I (2004) Tribological behaviour of Al-based MMCs and their application in automotive industry. Tribol Ind 26(3–4):31–38
36.
Mondal DP, Das S (2006) High stress abrasive wear behaviour of aluminium hard particle composites: effect of experimental parameters, particle size and volume fraction. Tribol Int 39:470–478
37.
Cerit AA et al (2008) Effect of reinforcement particle size and volume fraction on wear behaviour of metal matrix composites. Tribol Ind 30(3–4):31–36
38.
Uyyuru RK, Surappa MK, Brusethaug S (2006) Effect of reinforcement volume fraction and size distribution on the tribological behavior of Al-composite/brake pad tribocouple. Wear 260:1248–1255
39.
Miserez A et al (2004) Particle reinforced metals of high ceramic content. Mater Sci Eng A 387–389:822–831
40.
Ajayan PM, Schadler LS, Braun PV (2006) Nanocomposite science and technology. Wiley, New York
41.
Yesil ZD et al (2008) Evaluation of the wear resistance of new nanocomposite resin restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent 99(6):435–443
42.
Kim KT, Cha S, Hong SH (2007) Hardness and wear resistance of carbon nanotube reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 449–451:46–50
43.
Tu JP et al (2003) Dry sliding wear behavior of in situ Cu–TiB2 nanocomposites against medium carbon steel. Wear 255(7–12):832–835
44.
Shi L et al (2006) Mechanical properties and wear and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Ni–Co/SiC nanocomposite coating. Appl Surf Sci 252(10):3591–3599
45.
Tabandeh Khorshid M, Jenabali Jahromi SA, Moshksar MM (2010) Mechanical properties of tri-modal Al matrix composites reinforced by nano- and submicron-sized Al2O3 particulates developed by wet attrition milling and hot extrusion. Mater Design 31(8):3880–3884
46.
Derakhshandeh Haghighi R et al (2012) A comparison between ECAP and conventional extrusion for consolidation of aluminum metal matrix composite. J Mater Eng Perform 21(9):1885–1892
47.
Torralba JM, da Costa CE, Velasco F (2003) P/M aluminum matrix composites: an overview. J Mater Process Technol 133:203–206
48.
Prabhu B et al (2006) Synthesis and characterization of high volume fraction Al–Al2O3 nanocomposite powders by high-energy milling. Mater Sci Eng A 425:192–200
49.
Suryanarayana C (2001) Mechanical alloying and milling. Prog Mater Sci 46:1–184
50.
Zhou S-M et al (2007) Fabrication and tribological properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced Al composites prepared by pressureless in filtration technique. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manufact 38(2):301–306
51.
Dong SR, Tu JP, Zhang XB (2001) An investigation of the sliding wear behavior of Cu-matrix composite reinforced by carbon nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng A 313(1–2):83–87
52.
Wang LY et al (2003) Friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni-based CNT composite coatings. Wear 254:1289–1293
53.
Kang YC, Chan SL (2004) Tensile properties of nanometric Al2O3 particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Mater Chem Phys 85:438–443
54.
Dolata-Grosz A, Wieczorek J (2007) Tribological properties of hybrid composites containing two carbide phases. Arch Mater Sci Eng 28(3):149–155
55.
Mahendra KV, Radhakrishna K (2010) Characterization of Stir Cast Al—Cu—(fly ash + SiC) Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites. J Compos Mater 44(8):989–1005
56.
Basavarajappa S et al (2006) Dry sliding wear behavior of Al 2219/SiCp-Gr hybrid metal matrix composites. J Mater Eng Perform 15(6):668–674
57.
Radhika N, Subramanian R, Venkat Prasat S (2011) Tribological behaviour of Aluminium/Alumina/Graphite hybrid metal matrix composite using taguchi’s techniques. J Miner Mater Character Eng 10(5):427–443
58.
Seyed Reihani SM (2006) Processing of squeeze cast Al6061–30vol% SiC composites and their characterization. Mater Design 27(3):216–222
59.
Anandkumar R et al (2007) Microstructure and wear studies of laser clad Al-Si/SiC(p) composite coatings. Surf Coat Technol 201(24):9497–9505
60.
Fu HH, Han KS, Song J (2004) Wear properties of Saffil/Al, Saffil/Al2O3/Al and Saffil/SiC/Al hybrid metal matrix composites. Wear 256(7–8):705–713
61.
Mondal AK, Kumar S (2009) Dry sliding wear behavior of magnesium alloy based hybrid composites in the longitudinal direction. Wear 267:458–466
62.
Miyajima T, Iwai Y (2003) Effects of reinforcements on sliding wear behavior of aluminum matrix composites. Wear 255(1–6):606–616
63.
Gurcan AB, Baker TN (1995) Wear behaviour of AA6061 aluminium alloy and its composites. Wear 188(1–2):185–191
64.
Prasad SV, Rohatgi PK (1987) Tribological properties of Al alloy particle composites. JOM 39(11):22–26
65.
Uyyuru RK, Surappa MK, Brusethaug S (2007) Tribological behavior of Al–Si–SiCp composites/automobile brake pad system under dry sliding conditions. Tribol Int 40(2):365–373
66.
Karamıs MB et al (2012) The effects of different ceramics size and volume fraction on wear behavior of Al matrix composites (for automobile cam material). Wear 289:73–81
67.
Zou XG et al (2003) Sliding wear behaviour of Al-Si-Cu composites reinforced with SiC particles. Mater Sci Technol 19(11):1519–1526
68.
Zhan Y, Zhang G (2004) Friction and wear behavior of copper matrix composites reinforced with SiC and graphite particles. Tribol Lett 17(1):91–98
69.
Rohatgi PK et al (2011) Tribological behavior of aluminum micro-and nano-composites. Int J Aerospace Innov 3(3):153–162
70.
Rohatgi P, Ray S, Liu Y (1992) Tribological properties of metal matrix-graphite particle composites. Int Mater Rev 37:129–149
71.
Maleque MA, Karim MR (2009) Wear behavior of as-cast and heat treated triple particle size SiC reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites. Ind Lubr Tribol 61(2):78–83
72.
Korkut MH (2004) Effect of particulate reinforcement on wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites. Mater Sci Technol 20(1):73–81
73.
Shorowordi KM, Haseeb ASMA, Celis JP (2006) Tribo-surface characteristics of Al–B4C and Al–SiC composites worn under different contact pressures. Wear 261(5–6):634–641
74.
Tyagi R (2005) Synthesis and tribological characterization of in situ cast Al–TiC composites. Wear 259(1–6):569–576
75.
Shorowordi KM, Haseeb ASMA, Celis JP (2004) Velocity effects on the wear, friction and tribochemistry of aluminum MMC sliding against phenolic brake pad. Wear 256(11–12):1176–1181
76.
Wang Y et al (2001) Dry wear behaviour and its relation to microstructure of novel 6092 aluminium alloy–Ni3Al powder metallurgy composite. Wear 251(1–2):1421–1432
77.
Reddy GM, Rao KS, Mohandas T (2009) Friction surfacing: novel technique for metal matrix composite coating on aluminium–silicon alloy. Surf Eng 25(1):25–30
78.
Zhang ZF, Zhang LC, Mai YW (1995) Particle effects on friction and wear of aluminium matrix composites. J Mater Sci 30(23):5999–6004
79.
Montoya-Dávila M, Pech-Canul MA, Pech-Canul MI (2007) Effect of bi-and trimodal size distribution on the superficial hardness of Al/SiCp composites prepared by pressureless infiltration. Powder Technology 176(2):66–71
80.
Deng KK, Wang XJ, Wu YW, Hu XS, Wu K, Gan WM (2012) Effect of particle size on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite. Mater Sci Eng A 543:158–163
81.
Cocen U, Onel K (2002) Ductility and strength of extruded SiCp/Aluminium-alloy composites. Comput Sci Technol 62:275–282
82.
Gong J, Miao H, Zhao Z (2001) The influence of TiC-particle-size on the fracture toughness of Al2 O3-30 wt.% TiC composites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 21(13):2377–2381
83.
Matějka V, Lu Y, Jiao L, Huang L, Simha Martynková G, Tomášek V (2010) Effects of silicon carbide particle sizes on friction-wear properties of friction composites designed for car brake lining applications. Tribol Int 43(1):144–151
84.
Zhang S, Wang F (2007) Comparison of friction and wear performances of brake material dry sliding against two aluminum matrix composites reinforced with different SiC particles. J Mater Process Technol 182(1–3):122–127
85.
Habibnejad-Korayem M et al (2010) Tribological behavior of pure Mg and AZ31 magnesium alloy strengthened by Al2O3 nano-particles. Wear 268:405–412
86.
Zhang M-J et al (2008) Effect of graphite particle size on wear property of graphite and Al2O3 reinforced AZ91D-0.8%Ce composites. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 18:273–277
87.
Toshiro M, Tomomi H, Yoshiro I (2005) Effect of particle diameter and volume fraction on wear behaviour of SiC-particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Eng C 71(710):3054–3060
88.
Jo SK et al (2012) Effect of SiC particle size on wear properties of Al2O3. SiO2/SiC/Mg hybrid metal matrix composites. Tribol Lett 45:101–107
89.
Kumar S, Balasubramanian V (2010) Effect of reinforcement size and volume fraction on the abrasive wear behaviour of AA7075 Al/SiCp P/M composites—a statistical analysis. Tribol Int 43(1–2):414–422
90.
Baki Karamış M, Nair F (2008) Effects of reinforcement particle size in MMCs on extrusion die wear. Wear 265(11–12):1741–1750
91.
Zhang S, Jiang F, Ding W (2008) Microstructure and mechanical performance of pulsed current gas tungsten arc surface engineered composite coatings on Mg alloy reinforced by SiCp. Mater Sci Eng A 490(1–2):208–220
92.
Rodríguez J et al (2007) Dry sliding wear behaviour of aluminium–lithium alloys reinforced with SiC particles. Wear 262(3–4):292–300
93.
Rehman A, Das S, Dixit G (2012) Analysis of stir die cast Al–SiC composite brake drums based on coefficient of friction. Tribol Int 51:36–41
94.
Jun Q, Linan A, Blau PJ (2006) Sliding friction and wear characteristics of Al2O3-Al nanocomposites. In: STLE/ASME IJTC
95.
Umanath K, Selvamani TS, Palanikumar K (2011) Friction and wear bevaviour of Al6061 alloy (SiCP + Al2O3P) hybrid composites. Int J Eng Sci Technol 3(7):5441–5451
96.
Sahin Y (2003) Wear behaviour of aluminium alloy and its composites reinforced by SiC particles using statistical analysis. Mater Des 24(2):95–103
97.
Deshpande PK, Lin RY (2006) Wear resistance of WC particle reinforced copper matrix composites and the effect of porosity. Mater Sci Eng A 418:137–145
98.
Yu SY et al (1997) Temperature dependence of sliding wear behavior in SiC whisker or SiC particulate reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy composite. Wear 213(1–2):21–28
99.
Daoud A, Abou-Elkhair MT, Rohatgi P (2004) Wear and friction behavior of near eutectic Al–Si + ZrO2 or WC particle composites. Compos Sci Technol 64(7–8):1029–1040
100.
Li J, Xiong D (2009) Tribological behavior of graphite containing nickel-based composite as function of temperature, load and counterface. Wear 266:360–367
101.
Mandal A, Chakraborty M, Murty BS (2007) Effect of TiB2 particles on sliding wear behaviour of Al–4Cu alloy. Wear 262(1–2):160–166
102.
Kumar S et al (2008) Tensile and wear behaviour of in situ Al–7Si/TiB2 particulate composites. Wear 265(1–2):134–142
103.
Mahmoud ERI et al (2010) Wear characteristics of surface-hybrid-MMCs layer fabricated on aluminum plate by friction stir processing. Wear 268(9–10):1111–1121
104.
Zhiqiang S, Di Z, Guobin L (2005) Evaluation of dry sliding wear behavior of silicon particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Mater Des 26(5):454–458
105.
Ranganath G, Sharma SC, Sharma SC (2001) Dry sliding wear of garnet reinforced zinc/aluminium metal matrix composites. Wear 251:1408–1413
106.
Chaudhury SK et al (2005) Wear and friction behavior of spray formed and stir cast Al –2 Mg –11 TiO2 composites. Wear 258:759–769
107.
Hamid AA et al (2008) The influence of porosity and particles content on dry sliding wear of cast in situ Al(Ti)–Al2O3(TiO2) composite. Wear 265(1–2):14–26
108.
Qin QD, Zhao YG, Zhou W (2008) Dry sliding wear behavior of Mg2Si/Al composites against automobile friction material. Wear 264(7–8):654–661
109.
Menezes PL, Rohatgi PK, Lovell MR (2012) Self-Lubricating Behavior of Graphite Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. In: Green tribology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 445–480
110.
Soy U, Demir A, Findik F (2011) Friction and wear behaviors of Al-SiC-B4C composites produced by pressure infiltration method. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 63(5):387–393
111.
Martin A, Martinez MA, LLorca J (1996) Wear of SiC-reinforced Al matrix composites in the temperature range 20–200°C. Wear 193:169–179
112.
Martin A, Rodriguez J, Llorca J (1999) Temperature effects on the wear behavior of particulate reinforced Al-based composites. Wear 225–229:615–620
113.
Vissutipitukul P, Aizawa T (2005) Wear of plasma-nitrided aluminum alloys. Wear 259:482–489
114.
Singh J, Alpas A (1996) High-temperature wear and deformation processes in metal matrix composites. Metall Mater Trans A 27(10):3135–3148
115.
Yao-hui L et al (2004) High temperature friction and wear behaviour of Al2O3 and/or carbon short fibre reinforced Al–12Si alloy composites. Wear 256(3):275–285
116.
Mousavi Abarghouie S, Seyed Reihani S (2010) Investigation of friction and wear behaviors of 2024 Al and 2024 Al/SiCp composite at elevated temperatures. J Alloys Compd 501(2):326–332
Metadata
Title
Tribology of Metal Matrix Composites
Authors
Pradeep K. Rohatgi
Meysam Tabandeh-Khorshid
Emad Omrani
Michael R. Lovell
Pradeep L. Menezes
Copyright Year
2013
Publisher
Springer New York
Book
Tribology for Scientists and Engineers

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1944-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-1945-7

Copyright Year: 2013

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1945-7_8

Premium Partners

    Image Credits