5. Understanding the Role of Procedural Justice in Compliance Through the Integrated Framework

In this chapter, the book embeds the procedural justice explanation of compliance within the integrated approach. First, it provides a brief overview of the empirical and theoretical research. Second, it locates the causal mechanism forwarded by the explanation within the integrated approach as compliance through identification with citizen identity. Approached as such, it is easy to reconcile empirical investigations from countries in the Global South where perceptions about procedural fairness seem to play a more limited role in creating compliance. Similarly, it helps explain why targeted policy interventions to improve perceptions about fairness in specific interactions with the government have such mixed responses. The antecedent conditions to trigger compliance through citizen identity do not exist in these contexts. However, by integrating the mono-causal explanation within the integrated approach, the chapter highlights how perception about procedural fairness can also create conditions conducive to compliance through acquiescence as well as internalization. Therefore, it concludes that perceptions about procedural fairness create conditions conducive to compliance through multiple processes, only one of which is covered within the procedural justice explanation.