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2009 | Book

China, Peoples Republic of Read chapter Read first chapter

Uranium Deposits of the World

Asia

Editor: Franz J. Dahlkamp

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

Uranium Deposits of the World, in four volumes, comprises an unprecedented compilation of data and overviews of the key uranium regions throughout the globe. It offers not only a complete uranium-resource reference based on the latest research but also access to previously unavailable data. Each country and region receives an analytical overview followed by the detailed geologically- and economically-relevant synopsis of the individual regions and fields, including: location and magnitude of uranium districts and deposits; principal features of uranium districts; and characteristics of selected deposits. The description of districts and deposits includes sections on geology, alteration, mineralogy, shape and dimensions, ore controls or recognition criteria, and metallogenetic aspects. A typological classification of uranium deposits is added to give an overview of principal criteria of deposit types and related nomenclature. The set also provides readers access to the voluminous literature via the comprehensive bibliography of uranium-related publications. Abundantly illustrated with information-laden maps and charts throughout, this reference work is an indispensable tool for geologists, mining companies, government agencies, and others with interest in key natural resources. The four volumes of Uranium Deposits of the World, available as set, cover the world’s populated continents: Asia; Europe; Australia, Oceania, and Africa; and USA, and Latin America.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
1. China, Peoples Republic of
Abstract
Uranium deposits are known from five uranium provinces and some separate areas (> Fig. 1.1, and discussed below) but no complete uranium inventory of China is published since uranium resources are a state secret. Available information on resources is scanty, incomplete, and burdened with discrepancies. It is unclear whether reported figures document original resources or the resource status at a specific mining stage. Therefore, data on resources should to be treated with caution. Taking this into account, available information suggests the following general picture of China’s present resource situation (status 2002).
Franz J. Dahlkamp
2. India
Abstract
Uranium deposits/occurrences in India are of various types, commonly of small size and low grade. Deposits are confined to the Singhbhum region, Jharkhand (formerly Bihar) State; West Khasi Hills/Meghalaya Plateau, Meghalaya State; and Cuddapah Basin, Andrha Pradesh State. In addition, U occurrences are known from other regions including the Bhima Basin, Karnataka; Chattisgarh Basin/Sambalpur Granite Massif, Madhya Pradesh-Orissa; Aravalli and Delhi Basins, Rajasthan; and other areas in India (> Fig. 2.1).
Franz J. Dahlkamp
3. Indonesia
Abstract
Noteworthy U occurrences are reported from the Kalan region in western central Kalimantan. OECD-NEA/IAEA (2005) reports in situ resources of 6 797 t U RAR and 1 699 t U EAR-I including some 5 800 t U recoverable resources (RAR + EAR-I). CEA/COGEMA has explored the Kalan region in the early 1970s and estimated resources of 1 260 t U at a grade of 0.27% U for Eko-Remaja, some 500 t U for Lemajung, and around 100 t U for boulders (“Rirang boulders”) along the Rirang River. Exploration is conducted by BATAN, a state-owned institution. A pilot beneficiation plant has been installed 2 km N of the Remaja prospect.
Sources of information. CEA 1976–1977; Molinas and Dardel 1985; OECD-NEA/IAEA 2001, 2005; Sarbini and Wirakusumah 1988; Tjokrokardono and Sastratenaya 1988; Bruneton P pers. commun. 2007.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
4. Iran, Islamic Republic
Abstract
A few small U deposits/occurrences with total in situ resources of a little less than 2 000 t U (RAR + EAR-1) are known in Iran. The bulk of these resources (∼1 400 t U) is contained in the Saghand ore field. Remaining resources are attributed to occurrences in the Gachin salt plug near Bandar Abbas (100 t U), Narigan 1 (60 t U), Khoshoumi 1 (300 t U), and Talmesi (100 t U as by product to Cu).
Franz J. Dahlkamp
5. Japan
Abstract
Two ore fields with basal-channel sandstone-type U mineralization, Tono and Ningyo-Toge on Honshu island, and a number of minor U occurrences are known in Japan (>Fig. 5.1). Japan’s original U resources, all contained in sandstone U deposits, total 7 680 t U; of which these two ore fields account for 7 135 t (Kamiyama et al. 1976).
Franz J. Dahlkamp
6. Kazakhstan
Abstract
Uranium deposits and major occurrences have been reported in nine regions and some isolated locations (> Fig. 6.1). Deposits with resource estimates and mining potential are known from six regions: Kokshetau (Kokchetav), N Kazakhstan, Pricaspian, SW Kazakhstan, Chu-Sarysu Basin, south-central Kazakhstan, Syr-Darya Basin, S Kazakhstan, Pribalkhash or Kendyktas-Chuily-Betpak Dala region, SE Kazakhstan, and Ily Basin, SE Kazakhstan. Deposits of limited economic interest are known from the Turga-Priyrtish region, N Kazakhstan, and the Gran-itnoye and Zhalanshiksky regions in central Kazakhstan.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
7. Kyrgyzstan
Abstract
Uranium deposits of three types occur in the eastern Kara-mazar and northeastern Fergana region in central-western Kyrgyzstan: bituminous carbonate-type hosted in Paleogene limestone, sandstone-type in Neogene sandstone, and vein-type. Surficial karst cavern-type deposits occur in the Tyuya-Muyun District to the south of the Fergana Valley, SW Kyrgyzstan. Uraniferous coal deposits are reported in the Min-Kush and Naryn Jurassic basins in central Kyrgyzstan, and the Sogut–Issyk-Kul Basin in east-central Kyrgyzstan, south of Lake Issyk-Kul (>Fig. 7.1). No minable resources are recorded for the country.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
8. Mongolia
Abstract
Although uranium occurrences are widespread in Mongolia, minable or potentially economic deposits are restricted to date to the North Choibalsan region (Mardai/Dornod District, referred to as Mardai in Mongolian and Dornod (or Dornot) in Russian papers) in NE Mongolia and to the Gobi Desert in S Mongolia (e.g. Choir, Khairkan, Undurshil, Sainshand Basins) (Note: data given for U deposits in Mongolia are based on 1995 status unless otherwise cited). Deposits in these two regions are of volcanic and sandstone type, respectively. Other types of U mineralization found in Mongolia include vein-, surficial-, metasomatite-, intrusive-, metamorphite-, lignite-, and phosphorite-types. >Figure 8.1 shows the distribution of principal uranium regions and districts or areas.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
9. Pakistan
Abstract
Uranium deposits and noteworthy occurrences are reported from the Dera Ghazi Khan District, Sulaiman Range, the Bannu Basin, and Issa Khel, Mianwali District, in central Pakistan, and from the Kirthar Range in south Pakistan (>Fig. 9.1). Known deposits are of sandstone type, small in size, and of high cost uranium.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
10. Russian Federation, Asian Territory
Abstract
Uranium deposits and significant occurrences are reported from ten regions of Asian Russia. They include all significant districts and present production centers in Russia (> Fig. 10.1)
Franz J. Dahlkamp
11. South Korea
Abstract
Several U occurrences that may be defined as modified black shale-type U deposits are reported from the Okchon (Okch’on, or Ogcheon) area, Chung-Cheong-do Province, in central-western Korea. They were explored by drilling and tunneling and reportedly have U resources of 14 800 t U (OECD-NEA/IAEA 1993). Grades are on the order of 200–400 ppm U, locally up to 600 ppm U.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
12. Tajikistan
Abstract
Uranium occurrences are known in the Kuramin Range, southwestern Tien Shan mountains, in NW Tajikistan (Figs. 7.1, 7.2). First reports on the presence of uranium in this area date back to the 1920s and include the Taboshar and Andrasman deposits; both were mined. Other occurrences are known in the southern Tien Shan.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
13. Turkey
Abstract
A number of small sandstone-type uranium deposits have been found mainly in the Menderes Massif, western Turkey, and in northeastern and central Turkey. They contain up to several hundred tonnes of uranium each at grades on the order of 0.03–0.05% U. A few small, vein or veinlike-type U occurrences are reported from the South Menderes Massif.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
14. Turkmenistan
Abstract
Uranium occurrences have been identified at the Taurkyr (or Kaplankyr-Tauryuk) Dome near the settlement of Kizyl-Kaya at the western margin of the Karakum Desert in NW Turkmenistan. Kizyl-Kaya is located some 230 km ENE of the town of Turkmenbashy (formerly Krasnovodsk) on the Caspian Sea. U localities include Cernoye, Novodgodny, and Amanbulak, which are of structurally controlled volcanic (or sandstone?) type; and the black shale-type Baïlik occurrence (> Figs. II-1, 14.1). Cernoye was the only deposit mined (see further below).
Franz J. Dahlkamp
15. Uzbekistan
Abstract
Uranium deposits have been identified in the Kyzylkum region in central Uzbekistan and the Karamazar region in eastern Uzbekistan (> Fig. 7.1). The former contains sandstone-type U mineralization in sedimentary basins as well as carbonaceous (or black) shale-related stockwork-type mineralization in basement uplifts. Volcanic vein-stockwork-type deposits are typical for the Karamazar region.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
16. Vietnam
Abstract
Sandstone-type U occurrences are known from the Nong Son Basin in central Vietnam. A few U occurrences of various types are reported in northern Vietnam. Total in situ U resources in Vietnam amount to some 8 500 t U in the high cost RAR plus EAR-I categories (OECD-NEA-IAEA 2005).
Franz J. Dahlkamp
17. Middle East Countries with Uraniferous Phosphorite
Abstract
The Late Cretaceous Mediterranean phosphorite belt, which extends from southwestern Turkey to Morocco, is represented by a number of minero-chemical uraniferous phosphorite deposits in Iraq, Israel, Jordan, and Syria. Published figures of phosphorite resources in these countries are often not clearly defined and/or in discord in various papers. The figures given below are estimates that may have changed since their publication. For precise data, the interested reader is therefore referred to the respective government authorities or phosphate mining companies.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
Part I: Typology of Uranium Deposits
Abstract
A variety of global and regional classification schemes for uranium deposits have been proposed in the past by a number of geoscientists including Heinrich (1958), Roubault (1958), Ruzicka (1971), Ziegler (1974), Mickle and Mathews (1978), Mathews et al. (1979), Nash et al. (1981), Barthel et al. (1986), Dahlkamp (1989, 1993), McKay and Miezitis (2001) mainly for deposits in the western hemisphere and by Kazansky and Laverov (1977), Boitsov (1989, 1996), Stoikov and Bojkov (1991), Petrov et al. (1995, 2000), Mashkovtsev et al. (1997), Terentiev and Naumov (1997), and others for deposits in CIS (former Soviet Union) and associated countries.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
Part II: Uranium in Asia – Overview
Abstract
In 2004, uranium resources in Asian countries recoverable at less than U.S.$130 per kg U amounted to some 850 000 t RAR and 450 000 t U inferred resources (= EAR-I) or 26% and 31%, respectively, of world total resources (3.3 million t U RAR, 1.45 million t U inferred resources) (U in phosphorite excluded) (OECD-NEA/IAEA 2005). The bulk of these resources occurs in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Asian Russia, and Uzbekistan. These four countries host large minable deposits with resources in excess of 10 000 t U while China, India, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan contain(ed) (partly exhausted) chiefly small to medium size deposits (<500 to 10 000 t U). Minor resources are also reported from Indonesia, Iran, South Korea, Turkey, and Vietnam.
Franz J. Dahlkamp
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Uranium Deposits of the World
Editor
Franz J. Dahlkamp
Copyright Year
2009
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-540-78558-3
Print ISBN
978-3-540-78557-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78558-3