18. Urban Mobility: From Traditional to Intelligent Forms of Mobility

The chapter deals with trends, both modern technological (autonomy, AI, technology of emotional intelligence, drones, etc.) and economic (business models of the joint consumption economy [joint mobility, mobility on demand, etc.] and closed-cycle economy), in the transition from Mobility 3.0 to Mobility 4.0. The authors analyze the factors and barriers (including the regulatory ones) and state policy (program documents) for the development of intellectual forms of urban mobility. Urban mobility platforms are gradually becoming a global phenomenon, but the nature and directions of their development are regional. Analysis of the current situation in the urban mobility market allowed us to identify several segments that are extremely dynamic and closely interconnected: (a) the ride hailing segment (mobile taxi services, online platforms and applications that unite passengers and drivers; (b) the short-term car rental market (car sharing); (c) the travel sharing market (carpooling search market); (d) segment of multimodal and intermodal transportation. The formation of all segments of the urban mobility market is accompanied by active mergers and acquisitions of companies, both horizontally (combining companies in one segment—the market for short-term rental vehicles) and according to the expansion-geographical principle (the absorption of regional players by world leaders in the mobile services market of taxi services).