7. V2G Deployment Pathways and Policy Recommendations

The sociotechnical frame of vehicle-to-grid supposes that these barriers are not as disconnected as the previous chapters treat them. Instead, they form a “seamless web” that weaves together the technical, economic, political, and sociocultural elements of the system. To elaborate, this chapter synthesizes the described barriers across the various actors of the vehicle-to-grid system. Next, to respond to such a seamless web of barriers, the chapter turns to a stylized policy mix, and how each policy within this mix can be relevant to the various sociotechnical elements. Finally, looking prospectively, the chapter proposes five different potential pathways of vehicle-to-grid—conservative backlash, niche development, dirty grid, renewables, and the super-smart grid—which depend on its diffusion and the co-evolution of the electricity and transport sectors.