Varna Bay (Bulgaria): Research Based on Water-Related Challenges

Many factors influence bay waters, including a greater concentration of people in cities, industrial production, the use of lands, the dynamics of flow in water systems, and climate change. Water management remains one of the most difficult human challenges. Scientists continue to respond to water-related challenges through research to improve both human and environmental health. A study in the Varna Bay, providing key knowledge on hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics, was conducted during 2015–2018. Unified methods for marine waters were used. An increase in SST was ascertained. The range of SSS monthly fluctuations almost doubled compared to a long-term range. The nitrate nitrogen range was bigger than the phosphate phosphorus range. A sharp increase in organic matter was ascertained, but generally, the range decreased compared to a long-term range.