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Marketplace Lending and its Development in Australia Read chapter Read first chapter

2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Virtual Currencies, ICOs and Central Bank Digital Currencies in China

Author : Yinxu Huang

Published in: Law and Practice of Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending in Australia, China and Japan

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the development of virtual currencies, ICOs and Central bank digital currencies in China.

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Footnotes
1
CPMI, Distributed Ledger Technology in Payment, Clearing and Settlement – An Analytical Framework (Feb. 2017, <https://​www.​bis.​org/​cpmi/​publ/​d157.​pdf>.
 
2
Bank of Japan, BOJ/ECB Joint Research Project on Distributed Ledger Technology(Sep. 2017), <https://​www.​boj.​or.​jp/​en/​announcements/​release_​2019/​rel190604a.​htm/​>.
 
3
Daniel J. Bernstein, Johannes Buchmann and Erik Dahmen, Post-quantum cryptography (Springer, 2009) 13.
 
4
CPMI, Distributed Ledger Technology in Payment, Clearing and Settlement – An Analytical Framework(Feb. 2017), < https://​www.​bis.​org/​cpmi/​publ/​d157.​pdf>.
 
5
Ibid.
 
6
https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-3834-4_7/MediaObjects/478843_1_En_7_Figa_HTML.gif [Notice of The Prevention of Bitcoin Risks] (People’s Republic of China) People’s Bank of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, Order No.289, 5 December 2013.
 
7
https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-3834-4_7/MediaObjects/478843_1_En_7_Figb_HTML.gif [Notice of Preventing financing risks of Initial Coin Offering (ICO)](People’s Republic of China) People’s Bank of China, People’s Bank of China, Cyberspace Administration of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, State Administration for Industry and Commerce, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, 4 September 2017.
 
8
Shangrong Jiang, Yuze Li, et al.,’ Policy assessments for the carbon emission flows and sustainability of Bitcoin blockchain operation in China ‘(2021) 12 (01) Nature Communications 1, 1.
 
9
Michel Rauchs, New Data Reveals Timeline of China’s Bitcoin Mining Exodus(Jul. 2021), <https://​www.​jbs.​cam.​ac.​uk/​insight/​2021/​new-data-reveals-timeline-of-chinas-bitcoin-mining-exodus/​>
 
10
《周航、张嘉文掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益案》[Zhou Hang, Zhang Jiawen— Cover up, Conceal the Proceeds of Crime Case], 贵州省贵阳市白云区人民法院[People’s Court of Baiyun District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province], (2021)黔0113刑初6号[Criminal first instance No.6], 6 April 2021.
 
11
杨东、黄尹旭[Yang Dong & Huang Yinxu], 《ICO本质及监管机制变革》[The Nature and Regulatory Mechanism of ICO] (2017) 23 (05)证券法苑 Securities Law Review 297, 301.
 
12
https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-3834-4_7/MediaObjects/478843_1_En_7_Figc_HTML.gif [Notice of The Prevention of Bitcoin Risks] (People’s Republic of China) People’s Bank of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, Order No.289, 5 December 2013.
 
13
Ibid.
 
14
黄尹旭[Huang Yinxu], 《区块链应用技术的金融市场基础设施之治理》[Governance of Blockchain in the Financial Market Infrastructure: Taking virtual currency as an Example] (2020) 12 (05)东方法学 Oriental Law 56, 60.
 
15
杨东、黄尹旭[Yang Dong & Huang Yinxu], 《ICO本质及监管机制变革》[The Nature and Regulatory Mechanism of ICO] (2017) 23 (05)证券法苑 Securities Law Review 297, 303.
 
16
杨东、邢博洋[Yang Dong & Xing Boyang], 《美国STO监管经验与启示》[U.S. STO Regulatory Experience and Enlightenment] (2019) 56 (05)中国金融 China Finance 76, 76.
 
17
侯潇怡、何珍妮[Hou Xiaoyi & He Zhenni], 《NFT合规八问》[8 Questions for NFT Compliance] (Sep 2021) <https://​m.​21jingji.​com/​article/​20210903/​7765dd665a7cbce8​1844b736c90da94b​.​html>
 
18
Christine Lagarde, Central Banking and Fintech—A Brave New World?, International Monetary Fund (Sep 2017) <https://​www.​imf.​org/​en/​News/​Articles/​2017/​09/​28/​sp092917-central-banking-and-fintech-a-brave-new-world>
 
19
黄尹旭[Huang Yinxu], 《区块链应用技术的金融市场基础设施之治理》[Governance of Blockchain in the Financial Market Infrastructure: Taking virtual currency as an Example] (2020) 12 (05)东方法学 Oriental Law 56, 63.
 
20
CPMI, Distributed Ledger Technology in Payment, Clearing and Settlement – An Analytical Framework(Feb. 2017), <https://​www.​bis.​org/​cpmi/​publ/​d157.​pdf>.
 
21
https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-3834-4_7/MediaObjects/478843_1_En_7_Figd_HTML.gif [Digital RMB Research and Development Working Group of PBC], https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-3834-4_7/MediaObjects/478843_1_En_7_Fige_HTML.gif [White Paper on the Progress of Digital RMB Research and Development in China](Jul. 2021), <http://​www.​gov.​cn/​xinwen/​2021-07/​16/​5625569/​files/​e944faf39ea34d46​a256c2095fefeaab​.​pdf >.
 
22
Ibid.
 
23
Ibid.
 
24
https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-3834-4_7/MediaObjects/478843_1_En_7_Figf_HTML.gif [Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China](People’s Republic of China) National People’s Congress, Order No.45, 28 May 2020.
 
25
Yinxu Huang, ‘Governance of Blockchain in the Financial Market Infrastructure: Taking virtual currency as an Example ‘(2020) 12 (05) Oriental Law 56, 63.
 
Metadata
Title
Virtual Currencies, ICOs and Central Bank Digital Currencies in China
Author
Yinxu Huang
Copyright Year
2022
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Book
Law and Practice of Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending in Australia, China and Japan

Print ISBN: 978-981-19-3833-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-3834-4

Copyright Year: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3834-4_7