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2020 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Wave-Forced Sediment Erosion and Resuspension in the Yellow River Delta

Authors: Prof. Yonggang Jia, Prof. Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Prof. Hongxian Shan, Dr. Jiewen Zheng

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Book Series : Springer Oceanography

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book focuses on the phenomenon of sediment erosion and resuspension in the Yellow River delta, China, which is a vital issue involved in understanding the sediment transport processes in estuarine and coastal environments, and how these contribute to the nature and distribution of geohazards in the subaqueous Yellow River delta and Bohai Sea. The most important sections of this book will be the detailed physical mechanisms and theoretical models of sediment erosion and resuspension problem fully considering the wave-induced seabed dynamic response to waves, which are particularly useful for postgraduate students and junior researchers entering the discipline of estuary and coastal sedimentation, marine geotechnical engineering, estuary and coastal engineering, harbor and waterway engineering and coastal environmental protection. This book can also serve as a textbook for advanced graduate students of Marine Engineering Geology and Estuarine Sediment Dynamics.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
In this chapter, coastal geo-hazards are introduced and large research projects on this issue are summarized, the definition of sediment erosion and resuspension is given, finally, a literature review is given on the observational, experimental, and mathematical research advances regarding sediment erosion and resuspension. Consequently, the mainstream scientific question of this book is outlined. That is, the total book is targeted at improving the modeling effect of silty sediment erosion and resuspension, through considering wave-induced pore water pressure responses, that are poorly considered in popular sediment transport models.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Chapter 2. Geo-Marine Environment and Sediment Properties of the Modern Yellow River Delta
Abstract
In this chapter, the geological background and marine dynamics are reviewed. Such information is important for the research works of this book. River channel evolution history, topography and geomorphology, marine dynamics, bottom sediment types, and the properties of shallow layer sediments of the modern Yellow River Delta is introduced in sequence. Among them, topography and geomorphology, marine dynamics, and bottom sediment types are key factors controlling erosion and resuspension process, and properties of shallow layer sediments are often critical in seabed sediment dynamic response to waves.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Chapter 3. Erosion Survey of the Modern Yellow River Delta
Abstract
In this chapter, the erosion status of the subaqueous Yellow River Delta is quantitatively detected according to the yearly observed topographic profiles. Accurate data about beach evolution were achieved by ten in situ measurements which were taken from the abandoned lobe beach in the north of the Yellow River Delta from December 2008 to December 2009. Meanwhile, the weather and hydrology data were also collected to analyze the mechanism of coastal evolution. Based on the topographic profile data of 22 lines on the subaqueous Yellow River Delta in nearly 30 years from 1976 to 2004, the erosion process of the subaqueous delta was analyzed. The role of storm surges in controlling seabed erosion of the Yellow River Delta is further discussed.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Chapter 4. Erodibility of Seabed Sediments in the Modern Yellow River Delta
Abstract
The erodibility of intertidal sediments is a key factor affecting coastal erosion and sediment resuspension. In this chapter, a geological engineering study is undertaken to determine the spatial distribution of sediment erodibility in the modern Yellow River Delta. The critical shear stress of sediments is measured both with a mini-annular flume and a Cohesive Strength Meter (CSM) along the coastline of the Yellow River Delta (i.e., deposited in different historical periods), where the geotechnical properties of sediments are also determined. The influencing factors are identified and implications for sediment erosion and microtopography formation in this unique area are also discussed.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Chapter 5. Sediment Resuspension Process in the Modern Yellow River Delta
Abstract
In this chapter, the process of sediment erosion and resuspension was studied through in situ observations and wave flume experiments. Sediments are more frequently resuspended by wind waves in the Yellow River Delta, the contribution of waves and currents to sediment resuspension was evaluated while also a conceptual model for sediment resuspension in this delta area was constructed. More importantly, our wave flume experiments found that once seabed liquefaction occurred, the process of sediment resuspension could be significantly changed. More sediments would be resuspended in addition to that eroded by wave orbital velocities, and these lately resuspended sediments seems to come from the interior of the seabed, rather than seabed surface as the conventional opinion holds.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Chapter 6. Wave-Induced Pore Pressure in Relation to Sediment Erosion and Resuspension in the Modern Yellow River Delta
Abstract
In this chapter, the wave-forced dynamic response of silty seabed in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta is thoroughly studied. Dynamic triaxial test and self-designed field wave simulator were employed to study the wave-induced pore pressure using sediment sampled from the field or directly in the field. Sediments were found to be sensitive to pore pressure build ups and could experience totally liquefaction under extreme wave conditions. Wave-induced pore pressure develop models were therefore constructed; influencing factors on the liquefaction properties were also identified. This chapter is the transitional section in this book which collected the wave-seabed interactions to sediment erosion and resuspension in the modern Yellow River Delta.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Chapter 7. Physical Mechanisms of Wave-Induced Sediment Resuspension
Abstract
In this chapter, the physical mechanisms of waves in causing sediment erosion and resuspension were investigated through field observations and laboratory flume experiments. To achieve this goal, several test devices were specially designed and developed. Sediments are found to experience an attenuation in erodibility under waves as pore pressure build-ups, i.e., the seabed liquefies. Besides, two modes of pore pressure response: transient pore pressure and residual pore pressure, were found to induce sediment resuspension through the way of “pumping” sediments out of the interior of the seabed. In the Yellow River Delta, waves not only erode sediments from the seabed surface, but also “pumping” internal fine-grained sediments into the overlying water column.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Chapter 8. Theoretical Prediction of Wave-Induced Sediment Resuspension
Abstract
Based on the new understandings on physical mechanisms of silty sediment resuspension that were derived from the previous chapter, more quantitative research works were done in this chapter for getting more parameterization equations and further modify existing theoretical prediction models. The most important works were conducted on the variation of sediment erodibility with the liquefaction degree of seabed by waves. To achieve this goal, a new experimental annular flume system was developed and using which controlled variable experiments were conducted. A new parameterization equation between sediment erodibility and liquefaction degree of seabed was derived and thereafter integrated into the linear erosion model to form a modified erosion model. In situ observational hydrodynamic data from the subaqueous Yellow River Delta were inputted into the modified model and the results were compared with that of traditional one. Some improvement in modeling the erosion and resuspension of sediments in the Yellow River Delta was successfully made. Last but the most important, erosion masses and their origins under various hydrodynamics were predicted by the newly modified erosion model.
Yonggang Jia, Xiaolei Liu, Shaotong Zhang, Hongxian Shan, Jiewen Zheng
Metadata
Title
Wave-Forced Sediment Erosion and Resuspension in the Yellow River Delta
Authors
Prof. Yonggang Jia
Prof. Xiaolei Liu
Shaotong Zhang
Prof. Hongxian Shan
Dr. Jiewen Zheng
Copyright Year
2020
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-13-7032-8
Print ISBN
978-981-13-7031-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7032-8