Introduction
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Nearly good (\( \bar{V} \) = 6.5 m/s)
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Good (\( \bar{V} \) = 7.5 m/s)
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Very good (\( \bar{V} \) = 8.5 m/s)
Data collection and site description
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average high (°C) | 3.0 | 4.5 | 9.3 | 16.7 | 19.7 | 23.2 | 25.0 | 24.7 | 22.6 | 17.5 | 11.4 | 5.7 | 15.28 |
Average low (°C) | −7.9 | −6.3 | −2.4 | 2.8 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 8.7 | 4.8 | 0.3 | −4.6 | 2.8 |
Precipitation (mm) | 24.7 | 21.8 | 37.4 | 38.3 | 45.1 | 19.4 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 9.9 | 33.0 | 37.1 | 25.1 | 303.9 |
Average precipitation days (mm) | 8.0 | 8.5 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 13.7 | 6.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 97.3 |
Analysis procedure
Weibull probability density function
Wind power density
Wind energy density
Most probable wind speed
Wind speed with maximum energy
Results and discussion
Monthly mean wind speeds
Month | Parameter | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2005–2010 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.06 | 3.67 | 6.22 | 2.91 | 3.52 | 6.37 | 4.29 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.26 | 1.40 | 2.84 | 1.28 | 1.43 | 2.41 | 1.77 | |
February |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 4.39 | 6.58 | 4.44 | 3.52 | 4.59 | 5.66 | 4.86 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.43 | 2.29 | 1.71 | 1.19 | 1.69 | 1.78 | 1.68 | |
March |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 5.05 | 3.93 | 3.67 | 5.10 | 5.56 | 6.02 | 4.88 |
\( \sigma \)
| 2.04 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.98 | 2.23 | 2.15 | 1.78 | |
April |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.72 | 3.62 | 4.28 | 3.01 | 4.13 | 3.82 | 3.76 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.20 | 1.11 | 1.51 | 1.33 | 2.13 | 1.27 | 1.42 | |
May |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 2.80 | 3.21 | 2.91 | 2.80 | 3.26 | 2.96 | 2.99 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.04 | 1.28 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.34 | 1.26 | 1.20 | |
June |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.31 | 3.37 | 2.91 | 3.42 | 3.26 | 2.91 | 3.20 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 1.08 | 1.15 | 1.13 | |
July |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.26 | 4.08 | 4.03 | 3.52 | 4.08 | 4.28 | 3.88 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.19 | 1.54 | 1.42 | 1.12 | 1.26 | 1.92 | 1.41 | |
August |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.82 | 3.06 | 3.21 | 3.57 | 4.18 | 3.67 | 3.59 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.43 | 1.30 | 1.75 | 1.32 | 1.61 | 1.22 | 1.44 | |
September |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.06 | 3.31 | 3.42 | 3.01 | 3.01 | 3.47 | 3.21 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.11 | 1.21 | 1.07 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.26 | 1.20 | |
October |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.16 | 3.57 | 2.70 | 2.80 | 2.80 | 3.62 | 3.11 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.16 | 1.05 | 1.22 | 1.01 | 1.20 | 1.39 | 1.17 | |
November |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 2.40 | 4.28 | 4.49 | 2.86 | 3.72 | 2.09 | 3.31 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.01 | 1.89 | 1.96 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 1.35 | |
December |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.26 | 2.55 | 3.11 | 2.91 | 5.05 | 3.82 | 3.45 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.29 | 1.03 | 1.37 | 1.12 | 1.20 | |
Year |
\( \bar{v} \)
| 3.44 | 3.77 | 3.78 | 3.28 | 3.93 | 4.06 | 3.71 |
\( \sigma \)
| 1.32 | 1.38 | 1.52 | 1.24 | 1.48 | 1.50 | 1.41 |
Weibull distribution
Year |
k (–) |
c (m/s) |
v
mp (m/s) |
v
op (m/s) |
\( \bar{v} \) (measured) (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 2.83 | 3.89 | 3.33 | 4.70 | 3.44 |
2006 | 2.98 | 4.22 | 3.70 | 5.01 | 3.77 |
2007 | 2.69 | 4.25 | 3.58 | 5.23 | 3.78 |
2008 | 2.88 | 3.68 | 3.17 | 4.42 | 3.28 |
2009 | 2.89 | 4.41 | 3.81 | 5.29 | 3.93 |
2010 | 2.95 | 4.55 | 3.95 | 5.42 | 4.08 |
2005–2010 | 2.86 | 4.16 | 3.58 | 5.00 | 3.71 |
Month |
k (–) |
c (m/s) |
v
mp (m/s) |
v
op (m/s) |
\( \bar{v} \) (measured) (m/s) |
P/A (W/m2) |
E/A (kWh/m2/month) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | 2.62 | 3.72 | 3.10 | 4.62 | 4.29 | 86.22 | 62.92 |
February | 3.17 | 3.49 | 3.10 | 4.07 | 4.86 | 76.84 | 56.07 |
March | 2.99 | 3.60 | 3.14 | 4.27 | 4.88 | 79.39 | 57.93 |
April | 2.88 | 4.04 | 3.49 | 4.85 | 3.76 | 91.38 | 66.68 |
May | 2.70 | 4.35 | 3.66 | 5.34 | 2.99 | 102.38 | 74.71 |
June | 3.10 | 3.58 | 3.16 | 4.20 | 3.20 | 76.71 | 55.98 |
July | 3.00 | 3.36 | 2.94 | 3.98 | 3.88 | 72.05 | 52.58 |
August | 2.70 | 4.22 | 3.56 | 5.18 | 3.59 | 95.83 | 69.93 |
September | 2.91 | 5.47 | 4.73 | 6.55 | 3.21 | 149.54 | 109.12 |
October | 2.89 | 5.43 | 4.69 | 6.51 | 3.11 | 150.15 | 109.57 |
November | 2.65 | 4.83 | 4.04 | 5.97 | 3.31 | 126.71 | 92.46 |
December | 3.15 | 3.85 | 3.41 | 4.50 | 3.45 | 86.88 | 63.40 |
Wind power density and energy
Year |
P/A (W/m2) |
E/A (kWh/m2/year) |
---|---|---|
2005 | 87.25 | 764.01 |
2006 | 96.33 | 843.52 |
2007 | 100.09 | 876.44 |
2008 | 81.34 | 712.26 |
2009 | 103.77 | 908.67 |
2010 | 103.71 | 908.14 |
Annual mean | 95.55 | 836.69 |