XIV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021”

The paper presents studies of boride coatings, which were created using high-frequency treatment with currents. Chemical reactions characterized the boriding procedure at various temperatures are show. The choice of the main element of the reaction-boriding scheme is characterized, its role is revealed, and the probable processes leading to the realization of topochemical boriding initiated by HFC-heating are established. The kinetic curves received during the test at different temperatures are showed. Anamorphoses of the kinetic curves are showed, and the values of activation energy and parameters of the boriding process using HFC-heating are calculated on the basis of linearization of the Arrhenius equation.

This work is devoted to search for the global extreme of heat flux reduction into the film cooled wall. It was carried out by varying five main system parameters from a combination of the lateral average of both the adiabatic effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient. The lateral average heat flux reduction is processed according to the IOSO technology. It yields a prediction of the heat transfer coefficient from the ejection position to far downstream, including effects of extreme blowing angles and hole spacing. Together with the calculation of the adiabatic effectiveness it provides an immediate determination of the stream wise heat flux reduction distribution of cylindrical hole film cooling configurations.

In this work, based on numerical modeling, we carried out a comparative analysis of the flow of chemically reactive gas flow through a catalyst using the example of the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. The catalyst models are built based on an open foam cell material and a traditional granular catalyst. We obtained the results of numerical studies in the form of fields of concentration of components of the gas mixture, vector fields of gas motion, and values of conversion and selectivity.

Hinge-supported bending reinforced concrete beams of rectangular profile, loaded with a uniformly distributed load, were considered. The main direction of the work is a theoretical study of the influence of the geometric dimensions of the section of beams on the consumption of materials and their cost in the product. The regulatory documents governing design and development activities in the Russian Federation, existing design solutions for bending elements, as well as actual works of Russian and foreign scientists corresponding to research in this area were used. Structural and analytical analysis was used. The normative, scientific and methodological materials were studied, which made it possible to establish the parameters and factors affecting the strength and cost of bent reinforced concrete elements. This is the basis for proposals for improving the calculation and reinforcement of bending elements. The main factors influencing the cost of concrete and reinforcement in a product are analyzed. Specific proposals for calculation and design were developed to determine the optimal cost structures. The proportions of the cross-sectional dimensions and the variable location of the neutral axis significantly affect the consumption of longitudinal reinforcement and the cost of the beam. The boundary ranges of the section dimensions, heights of the compressed zone and the degree of their influence on the cost of the element have been determined. Recommendations for design are given to ensure the construction of the minimum cost, but meet the requirements of strength and durability.

The article discusses the possibility of using various oilseeds for the production of biodiesel in the Samara region. Purpose of the work: to determine the economic efficiency of using various crops as the basis for the production of biodiesel, as well as to compare the options for the cultivation of spring rapeseed as the main crop for the production of biofuel. Within the framework of this, the following tasks were completed: a list of oilseeds was determined, the use of which is possible for the production of biodiesel in the Samara region conditions; analysis of the economic parameters of their cultivation; calculated the economic efficiency of various technologies for growing spring rape (6 options). It was revealed that crops such as spring rape, mustard and soybeans have the best economic parameters (cost, yield) in the Samara region. Among the technologies for the cultivation of spring rapeseed, the best results were shown by the following options: direct sowing with fertilizers and plowing without fertilizers (profitability 42.34% and 41.72%, respectively).

Relaxation processes in thin (up to 125 μm) homeotropic layers of nematic liquid crystals (n-methoxybenzylidene-n-butylaniline), which were observed after switching off periodic shear oscillations with a low frequency (about 200 Hz), were experimentally studied. The foner method was used to excite vibrations in a liquid crystal sample. The amplitude of the oscillations was determined by inductive and optical methods. The cell with the sample was made in the form of a multi-layer structure. A liquid crystal was placed between the three glass plates. The middle plate floated in the liquid crystal and transmitted oscillatory movements to it. The dependences of the angle of deviation of the director from the normal to the cell on the time and relaxation times, the relaxation time on the shear amplitude and exposure time, as well as on the thickness of the liquid crystal layer; the time dependences of the optical signal at different exposure times and oscillation amplitudes; the dependences of the maximum values of the angle of rotation of the director in the XY plane on the shear amplitude and exposure time. It is found that after switching off the external perturbation, the relaxation processes of the liquid crystal director field depend on the exposure time, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and the oscillation amplitude. The relaxation dependences of the angle of inclination of the director after switching off the shift are described by an exponential dependence. Relaxation times are tens of seconds. The value of the relaxation time coincides with the relaxation time for the classical Fredericks effect and is about 30 s.

The paper shows studies boride coatings, which were created using treatment with currents. Chemical reactions characterized the boriding procedure at various temperatures are presented. To establish practically realizable reactions of surface chemical (topochemical) boriding and the accompanying high-temperature processes, a model mixture was prepared containing P-0.66 flux and boron carbide. A method of the experimental study of coatings applied on specimens by HFC-heating was developed. A study of the composition and properties of the products formed during the SHS process in the basic mixture on the surface of S355 steel parts during HFC-heating has been made, and it has been shown that aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride (by-product), and amorphous boron are formed under these conditions, and composite porous inhomogeneous coatings up to 250 μm thick, based on aluminum oxide, SHS products in the basic mixture and traces of high-speed HFC-boriding products are formed on the workpiece surface. The formed coatings are composite materials based on alumina, SHS products in the base mixture and the product of fast HFC-boriding of the surface of a steel part being formed during SHS-boriding, having the porous heterogeneous structure, insufficient thickness and low hardness.

The stress–strain state in the zone of the corner cutout of the area boundary is characterized by the singularity of the solution of the homogeneous boundary value problem and the complexity of its analysis. This article focuses on the stress state (SS) in the neighborhood of an irregular point of the area boundary on flat composite models with different cutout angles of the polymer material end. Forced deformations are created in one of the areas of the model, the forced deformations gap along the area contact boundary extends to the top of the corner cutout on the boundary of the model. The solution is obtained by means of experiments on optically sensitive material models by photoelastic method using the free temperature deformation defrosting property. A comparison of the SS obtained experimentally on the model and the parent distribution of SS in the zone adjacent to the irregular point of the area boundary is given. A conclusion is made on coincidence of the positions of the pure shear line obtained experimentally on the model and the neutral axis for the corresponding wedge under the action of a concentrated load. This paper is aimed at analyzing SS in the zone of the corner cutout of the boundary of the region and identifying the self-balanced SS corresponding to the solution of the homogeneous boundary value problem in the area with an irregular boundary point.

The aim of the research was to establish regression relationships establishing the interrelation between the number of measurement units in the samples and the mixture quality variability index (coefficient of variation of the control component content in the samples) for the same mixture. As a result of simulation of the obtained models for comparable parts of the particle number, we received practical coincidence of numerical values of different models in the interval of 10…30 particles in the sample, with the greatest coincidence of the models around 20…25 pc. Decreasing the number of particles significantly increases the scatter of variation coefficient values. Increasing the number of controlled components increases the variation of the obtained values. Increasing the size of the particles increases the values of the coefficient of variation. For example, for lentils at 60 (pcs./sample), the coefficient of variation is 15.5%, for barley—10.7% and for buckwheat—9.9%. That is, the differences in the two small components are insignificant and comparable to the error of the experiments. The estimated number of particles in the samples taken is at least 19 pcs. Reducing the calculated value to 14 pcs. (lentils) increases the variability of the index.

The paper shows the results of the studies of applied magnetostrictive level gauges (AMRLG) in order to increase their efficiency. For the research proposed to use the methods of mathematical modeling and numerical methods. In particular, during the simulation of magnetic fields AMRLG iterative procedure Richardson has been involved and shown the best way to calculate the acceleration of the convergence of the parameters using the rotation method. Its efficiency by reducing the number of iterations of Richardson modified technique for solving systems of differential equations and magnetic fields AMRLG shown has been described in detail in the work. The proposed method of numerical simulation of magnetic fields can also be used to study other similar devices, which proves its versatility and effectiveness.

This article presents the features of the morphology of the surface layer of stainless, tool steels, copper in different types of electrolytic-plasma treatment. It is shown that the change in the surface layer of materials depends on the type of processing, the electrode-tool used, the initial parameter of the surface layer roughness, the electrolyte flow rate and the quality of surface preparation. The study uses different electrode tools to obtain a product with high precision and low surface roughness. The effect of plasma electrolytic treatment on the parameters of sample roughness and weight loss of samples made of stainless steels, tool steels and copper grade was studied. The minimum depth of material removal is fixed when using different technological modes. The reasons for the appearance of microcraters in the surface during electrolytic-plasma treatment are analyzed. The results of the work will make it possible to use the knowledge gained for finishing and roughing plasma electrolyte treatment.

In this paper, we consider the problem of calculating the magnetic fields of magnetostrictive transducers (MPs), in particular magnetostrictive level converters, using numerical methods using SDN-networks. Such calculations lead to the need for a numerical solution of systems of linear algebraic equations with a large number of unknowns. In this case, it is possible to significantly simplify and improve the efficiency of the solution by preliminary LU-factorization of the coefficient matrix of the system. The existing LU-factorization algorithms have a number of shortcomings and can not be effectively used to calculate the magnetic field of an MP. The article describes the application of the modified LU-factorization algorithm, designed to work in the SDN-network and shows its effectiveness. The proposed algorithm is characterized by simplicity, versatility and can be easily modified for the study of other measuring devices, where information transfer is carried out by means of magnetic field parameters.

When cattle breeding and keeping, the main factor is to provide animals with the necessary amount of balanced feed. One of the main factors affecting the profitability of livestock production is the quality of roughage. When harvesting hay into bales, balers with a constant volume bale chamber are most often used. In the process of picking up a hay swath, uneven distribution of the swath along the width of the bale chamber is observed. In order to improve the uniformity of distribution of the hay swath across the width of the roll baler, the levelling device in the improved baler is made in the form of two discs with inclined fingers rotating in opposite directions. The study of the trajectories of movement of the stalked particles showed that the displacement of the stalked particles is more intense towards the periphery of the disc. Therefore, the fingers are located on the disc in two rows with a predominant location along the periphery. The analysis of the obtained trajectories makes it possible to establish the basic parameters of the levelling device: the distance between the fingers is 0.15–0.2 m, the degree of compaction when levelling is 20–25%, the angular velocity is 23–30 rad/s, the diameter of the levelling disc is 0.74 m.

For oil and gas fields with low-permeability formations, the most realistic way of their development is the mode of depletion of reservoir energy. Often, additional production is facilitated by the implementation of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in production wells with their various modifications. Carbon dioxide is often used as an agent for increasing oil recovery factor, which is also considered within the framework of projects for its utilization and underground storage in depleted deposits, salt-bearing strata and shale rocks. Carbon dioxide is also actively used as an agent for the intensification of hydrocarbon production in the development of oil and gas fields. It is important to understand the ongoing physical and chemical changes occurring within the underground formation in case of carbon dioxide injection. Examples of these changes include dissolution, chemical reactions, convective mixing, advective processes, and dispersion. Computer modeling of the ongoing processes is seen as a very important task for the correct functioning of such projects. This study is a summary of the results of computer modeling of a method for developing oil and gas fields with low-permeability formations based on maintaining reservoir pressure by injection of carbon dioxide using the commercial software Navigator.

The initial structure of metals and alloys determines their mechanical properties. They can differ significantly in various elements of welded metal structures, as well as in the zones and sections of welded joints. Plastic deformation can occur in hazardous areas of stress concentration of elements of operated metal structures. In this work, studies were carried out on samples of low-carbon steel 08 ps and low-alloy steel 10KhSND, which were subjected to thermal cycling in the following conditions: as delivered state; as delivered + annealing at 900 °C; as delivered + cold rolling for the degree of deformation ε = 50%. The formation of a fine-grained structure during thermal cycling was monitored by a passive fluxgate method, as well as by microstructural analysis and hardness testing. The value of the stray magnetic field strength Hp was measured. As a result of the conducted studies, a relationship was established between the magnetic parameter Hp and structural changes in steels during thermal cycling.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of ensuring road safety. In this article, on the basis of official statistical data, the issues of the organization of complex statistical analysis are considered. The following methods of statistical analysis were used to assess road safety: descriptive analysis (description of initial data, a priori analysis); relationship analysis (correlation and regression analysis, variance analysis); multivariate statistical analysis (linear and nonlinear analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, etc.); time series analysis (dynamic models and forecasting). The paper emphasizes the importance of quantitative analysis, and suggests some methods for assessing road safety. The study analyzed traffic accidents in Russia in the period from 2009 to 2019, the conclusions on the dynamics of change and also determined that, in assessing road safety as a phenomenon of national security used by each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, which are manifested in varying degrees, depending on purpose and depth of analysis of the research object, the technical capabilities, therefore, the most effective will be sharing discussed in the article methods.

Railway transportation of liquefied petroleum gases in special tank wagons requires special attention to safety on the railway. A new method for analyzing the scenario of tank cars of liquefied hydrocarbon gases is proposed. It is based on the methodology for calculating the behavior of a rail tank car with liquefied gas in a fire. This method simulates processes using the «Fobot» software package. This mathematical model considers a metal tank with LPG, the outer surface of which contains a heat-insulating layer consisting of a layer of a porous non-combustible material (mineral wool) and a foaming fire-retardant paint. With the help of “Fobot”, calculations of an emergency situation were made using various methods of fire protection. Certain patterns were deduced, conclusions were drawn to assess the degree of elaboration of this topic. The possibilities for improving this complex have become known, as well as the ability to design various emergency situations using all kinds of fire-fighting materials and technically improved devices.

The paper investigates the requirements to check rails of railroad switches (turnouts). Railroad switches of the most commonly used structures with rigid frogs always involve check rails. Check rails not attached to running rails allow performing the adjustment of flangeways under operation, which thereby significantly increases the durability of structures involving check rails. The safety criterion is the first and key requirement, since check rails as part of turnouts ensure safe passage of a wheelset of a rolling stock through the section with a crossing frog. The second most important criterion is a dynamic-kinematic one. The third criterion pertains to the provision of robustness of check rails. All the aforementioned criteria represent the essential and adequate requirements that must serve as the basis for working out permissible rate of wear for check rails and determining the size of flangeways for them. For the purposes of examining the stress–strain state of check rails, the reasonability of a the experimental-calculation method was estimated, protector checkrails were considered and efficiency and drawbacks of their implementation were analyzed.

The article considers a method for assessing the stability of empty containers from tipping over on wind-dependent railway sections. The article considers the statistics of road accidents caused by the separation of containers of various types from specialized flat cars under the influence of squally winds of different speeds. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for determining the conditions that lead to the overturning of empty containers from specialized railway cars under the influence of wind load. An expression is obtained that allows determining the minimum wind speed that leads to the overturning of an empty container. The article presents the calculation of the wind speed that leads to the overturning of empty containers of various types on straight and curved sections of the railway track. The results of the study can contribute to the development of universal technical solutions for various regions of the world, ensuring the stability of an empty container under the influence of wind loads.

In order to expand the range of products made of elastomeric materials, increase their operational stability and areas of application, new components are being sought. One of the promising directions for solving this problem is the use of microspheres. Many technical problems where weight reduction is required with low thermal conductivity, high strength and volume savings, increased resistance to erosion and corrosive environments can be solved with the use of microspheres. The influence of hollow corundum microspheres grades HCM-S and HCM-L on the rheometric properties of rubbers and the physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizates based on ethylene-propylene diene rubber is considered, and also studies of vulcanizates containing corundum microspheres on the fire and heat-shielding properties based on EPDM rubber are given. -40. It is shown that the investigated microdispersed additives increase the wear resistance of the composites and decrease the specific density of the material. The addition of corundum microspheres to rubber compounds enhances the heat and fire retardant properties of rubbers based on ethylene propylene diene rubber. The degree of influence on the complex of the investigated properties of the introduced corundum microspheres depends on their fractional composition and the nature of the rubber used.

The main regularities of the formation of thermal regime in a mine designed in a permafrost area are studied. The concept of dimensionless temperature, which is a complex physical quantity and most completely characterizes the thermal processes in mine workings, was utilized to provide a generalized analysis and determination of qualitative and quantitative peculiarities of mine thermal regime formation. Multiple variant calculations of mine workings chains were carried out. These calculations permitted to establish the main regularities of thermal regime formation in the mine workings and the frozen rocks that surround them. An assessment of the impact of air expenditure, mine working cross-section and the natural (initial) temperature on the formation of thermal regime in the mine was carried out. It was demonstrated that the natural temperature influences the formation of thermal regime only during the first year of the exploitation of the mine.It was determined that when the air expenditures in mine workings are large, a gradual cooling of the active layer of rocks around the mine workings and movement of the isotherm to a significant distance along the length of the ventilation path. At that, the depth of the active layer participating in heat exchange of air and the rocks is relatively small and is about 1.7–2.5 m thick. 2D and 3D charts allowing to quickly assess the expected thermal conditions (average monthly air temperatures) in mine workings during the yearly ventilation cycle of the mine were created.

One of the notable trends in modern engineering practice is the refinement of methods for calculating the building’s structural loads in order to increase the efficiency of building materials’ use, what subsequently will significantly reduce the final cost of the project. The purpose of this article is to study possible ways of increasing work efficiency and reducing the cost of a cellular ceramsite concrete fixed formwork block by modifying its cross section. After modeling the main stresses’ distribution in different sections of the block in the Abaqus program, it was revealed that in the side walls of the modified block, the values of the maximum principal tensile stresses are much larger than those in the old block. This fact allows concluding that the load should be significantly reduced. The development of digital twins’ industry may as well be useful for the use of novel construction materials in the structures subjected to significant loads.

Methods for calculating buildings and structures based on direct numerical integration of the equations of dynamics are very relevant. For this, a new method for generating artificial accelerograms has been proposed. The method is based on the representation of the correlation function as a sum of cosine-exponential terms. The approximation parameters are determined based on the least squares method using the Curve Fitting Toolbox SCM MATLAB package. Artificial accelerograms are generated using an autoregressive (moving average) calculation formula. The generation accuracy is illustrated by the calculation of the spectral curves. The accelerogram of the 1990 Baisorun earthquake is taken as an example. The area of application of the accelerograms obtained in this way are earthquake-resistant construction and seismic microzoning, calculation of systems with dampers of viscous and dry friction, seismic isolation systems, different non-linear systems.

The presented article discusses new technological solutions for the construction of green roof structures. The developed technologies are aimed at solving the problems of improving the environmental safety of the construction industry as a whole, increasing the comfort level of the urban environment and improving the town-planning appearance. The green roofs systems act as a way to reduce the concentration of dust pollution and its spread, including from construction production by introducing this structure into the design, construction of residential neighborhoods and the reconstruction of architectural objects. In this article, the characteristics of two developed green roof structures are presented, which can be used in the design and construction of new facilities, as well as in the reconstruction of existing buildings, in addition, device technologies are described. These construction decisions let to save labour input for carrying out construction work by reducing their cost.

Facade thermal insulation composite systems with polystyrene insulation are extremely popular in modern construction sphere. Polystyrene and expanded polystyrene insulation plates have increasingly higher level of thermal resistance than classical insulation materials. It has to be stated that the vapour permeability coefficient of polystyrene is ten times less than the vapour permeability coefficient of mineral wool. Thus, the moisture regime process of enclosing structures which contain polystyrene as an insulation layer is significantly more complex than the moisture regime of enclosing structures with mineral wool. The plane of the moisture maximum was calculated using created computer program. The result showed that the moisture maximum was inside insulation layer. It is certain that in terms of providing evidence of this result, it is necessary to calculate the moisture behaviour inside researched facade thermal insulation composite system with polystyrene insulation by an unsteady-state moisture regime mathematical model. The mathematical model based on the moisture potential theory was chosen for assessing unsteady-state moisture behaviour. The second computer program, which solves the moisture transfer equation by finite-different method, was developed. It was shown that the plane of the moisture maximum has the same position according to both used methods.

Nowadays, there are various mathematical models which give an opportunity to determine the moisture distribution inside building walls. It has to be stated that some models calculate steady-state moisture transportation in the capillary-porous media, while other models assess unsteady-state moisture movements. Equations of steady-state moisture regime usually can be usually solved by analytical expressions. It is certain that in terms of solving unsteady-state moisture transfer equations, scientists use numerical methods, which cannot be operated without computer. The discrete–continuous approach for evaluating the moisture behaviour of enclosing structures is proposed. Two computer programs were created. One of them calculated moisture regime by finite difference method using explicit difference scheme, whereas the second one assessed moisture behaviour by discrete continuous method using obtained analytical expression. As a result, efficiency of the discrete continuous method was demonstrated because the solution of the unsteady-state moisture transfer equation according to proposed method has similar quantity and quality distribution of moisture content with solution of the unsteady-state moisture regime by the finite difference method. It allows scientists and engineers to calculate moisture regime by analytical expression and not to use numerical calculations.

During the earthquake on August 31, 2018 with a source in the Almaty region, the stations of the engineering and seismometric service registered instrumental records on rigid and flexible buildings. Accelerograms were obtained on a four-storey frame building and an 11-storey building with a steel frame. The reaction of two buildings at a given earthquake is analyzed. Spectral curves were plotted at the registration points on the roof and basement parts of buildings. The spectral curves at the basement level differ in spectral composition and spectrum irregularity. The influence of a tectonic fault on the response of an 11-storey building is revealed, and a criterion for the operation of a tectonic fault is proposed. The presence of resonance phenomena for a rigid building was established. Instrumental records are included in the accelerograms database of KazRDICA JSC. The results will be used to identify dynamic building models. This will allow you to take into account local features of seismic impact.

The problem of diagnosing the current state of highways is considered from the standpoint of the successful functioning of a complex cyber-physical system that ensures transport accessibility of territories and settlements as an integral part of the digital economy. The prospects of using the data of laser scanning of road surfaces for interpolating surfaces and calculating the volume of repair and reconstruction of highways are outlined. In order to increase mobility and reduce the cost of data collection for diagnostics, it is proposed to use a computer vision algorithm based on a photogrammetric method for processing video recording data, which allows both to identify the objects of transport infrastructure under study and to detect their defects. Examples of determining the spatial coordinates of three-dimensional objects from photo-images obtained from different angles are given. The results of numerical experiments on the imposition of the projected road on the processed points of laser scanning are also presented. The presented algorithm can be used when planning road repairs, when analyzing road accidents, when processing requests from road users, etc.

One of the fundamental considerations in space heating (SH) consists in the variability of heat loads over time as result of external conditions. This paper shows the novel way to adapt a variable-flow system provide space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) to multiple buildings with varying loads. It would be ideal to provide only as much heating and DHW as the zone actually requires at any particular moment. Constant-volume systems come close to this ideal. One needs to know both indoor and outdoor design temperatures, mixed-water temperature, and the required sensible and latent heat loads. Only through analyzing the real network behavior one can gain useful insights related to the consumption patterns of the users. The investigated district heating (DH) system of Zavertyaevo District, Omsk, Russia consists of pipework within a concrete surface trench covered with earth, and two gas boilers with a rated SH supply capacity of 13.3 MW and design efficiency of 82.6%. This system is considered in a case where the SH temperature equals 70 °C and the post-SH return temperature equals 55 °C. This part is related to an idea based on combining lower supply/return temperatures and local heat pump placement, which is in line with the abovementioned LTDH concept. When maximal water flow is reached, if the zone is still too cool, SH is partially provided by a thermostatically controlled electric heater or a heat pump. This means there may be some energy wasted in the constant-volume system due to simultaneous electric heating and drops in the supply temperature. However, this energy waste is far less significant than in variable-flow systems, since the supply temperature is reduced to a minimum before the warm weather starts. These control operations can be summarized in the following chart often referred to as control logic. Advantages of constant-volume systems include low capital costs and low maintenance costs, whereby the former become lower as the system can use the current pipeline dimensions and only requires a simple control at the plant and at the substations to be placed while renovated; the latter costs are lower because the constant volume of water, and thus the boiler capacity and pump power closely follow the actual building-specific heat consumption.

The introduction of dispersed mineral additives has a beneficial effect on many properties of concrete. This is either due to the physical effect, which means that small particles usually have a finer granulometric composition than Portland cement and present themselves as a “microfiller”. On the other hand, this may be due to their pozzolanic activity, which means that silica and alumina interact with calcium oxide hydrate and form hydrosilicates and calcium hydroaluminates. In this work, the activity of dispersed mineral components was evaluated by the theoretical value of the coefficient of hydration activity, which was determined by their chemical composition. The actual coefficient of hydration activity was calculated from the maximum value of the mass gain of dispersed industrial by-products by the absorption of Ca (OH)2 by these additives from a saturated solution of lime. The X-ray phase analysis was used in order to determine quantitative and material composition of crystalline compounds in industrial by-products. Experimental data showed that the actual pozzolanic activity turned out to be much lower than the theoretical value. Therefore, the by-products of the industry were arranged in the following sequence: ash-and-slag mixture → by-product of coal enrichment → granular blast furnace slag, which is confirmed by the results of X-ray phase analysis and is consistent with the values of the limit compressive strength of concrete tested in different periods of hardening.

The impact of nuclear power plants on the cooling reservoir is considered. In the course of the work, the main impact was identified. Potential impacts are considered in connection with the identified thermal pollution of the reservoir, and an assessment of the ecological state and its development with further pollution is given. The importance of monitoring the cooling reservoir during the operation of nuclear power plants was noted. The results obtained can be used to improve the environmental monitoring of nuclear power facilities.

The characteristics of a tractor unit are determined by the drag indicators of the towed agricultural machine, which require experimental determination. Experimental determination of the working bodies loading requires the use of a system of sensors of forces acting on the working bodies in different planes. Common disadvantages of known devices that provide measurements during volumetric dynamometry of working bodies of tillage machines are the complexity of the design and high measurement error. Force sensors are manufactured mainly using strain gauges that are glued directly to the loaded parts. To determine the forces in the traction of the hydraulic suspension system of tractors, strain gauge fingers are used. Calibration of force sensors is usually carried out individually on special stands. The best calibration results will be achieved when all strain gauges are installed in their proper positions and all sensors are calibrated simultaneously. The design and technological scheme of the device is proposed, the kinematic scheme of which allows using a single measuring device. This technical solution simplifies the technology of measuring the force on the working body and increases its accuracy. Analytical expressions for calculating the main design parameters are given. The results of experimental calibration of the proposed device when changing the thickness of the adjustment washers are presented. The proposed device reduces the error when measuring the total horizontal force on the tractor, acting from the side of the mounted tool or trailer.

Production process models are the intellectual core of decision support systems in agriculture. The tasks faced by the users of these systems are quite varied and may require the operation of the same model of the production process in different environments. At the same time, for the practical application of models in solving applied problems, a convenient user interface is required in any environment. The.NET Framework standard library includes the System. Component Model namespace, which describes the abstract user interface entities that are not tied to a specific technology to ensure that the user interface works efficiently in different environments. The RW.Ring platform extends this library with services that provide an interface for working with background tasks, notifying the user with information messages, and managing an application instance. It should be noted that the scope of this development is limited to the client sphere: it is obvious that the architecture of the Web server, which generates html in response to client requests, does not allow creating dialogs from server logic. However, even in distributed applications, as a rule, there is a specialized client where this architecture is quite applicable.

The global online transition has become a real challenge to the traditional form of education which have led universities to overhaul the delivery of education services. A sociological study was conducted, based on the study of the relationship of academic teaching staff, their assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken by the universities in organizing the transition to DL format of education. The study was attended by lecturers from regional universities in Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia. The results of the study revealed the most organized and optimistic category of lecturers from Mongolian universities and focused on the main problems in the implementation of the DL of all universities at the ATS level. The normalization of the epidemiological situation in the future will make it possible for universities to define their approaches to the use of DLT and their role in the traditional face-to-face education system in accordance with the needs of the students and the characteristics of social rehabilitation of the economic level of development of each country.

The purpose of this study is to determine the criteria that must be taken into account when choosing a platform for organizing educational and scientific videoconferences. The relevance of achieving the goal is due to the fact that, in the context of the implementation of measures extended to the fight against viral infections, many unprepared people regularly face the need to solve the problem of choosing a suitable video platform. In order to accumulate the experience gathered by the respondents in the field of organizing videoconferences, the authors use the methods of polling, questioning, experiment and observation. Methods of statistical and logical analysis were used to process the collected data. The authors gathered and analyzed data from higher education workers from Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, the United States and a number of other countries. Along with this, the authors studied a large volume of domestic issues and foreign studies devoted to the organization of video conferencing. As a result of the study, a number of key and optional criteria were identified that can be checked when choosing a platform for organizing online learning. The key criteria were highlighted: availability at the location of the conference, the size of the restriction on the maximum number of conference participants, broadcast quality, the organizer's ability to forcibly mute the conference participant, the organizer’s ability to forcibly exclude the conference participant, operating costs. The optional results included values that do not have a critical impact on the organization of videoconferencing, but acquire significance in some situations. At the same time, the authors draw the attention to the fact that the assessment of key criteria requires a large amount of preparatory work, and any optional criterion can, under certain conditions, become key.

This study attempts to assess the problems and prospects of online education related to its compliance with the requirements of inclusivity. The authors argue that the inclusiveness of online education is poorly understood and requires a comprehensive scientific understanding. The research is based on a cognitive approach that defines a person as a system that knows the world and is influenced by communication that occurs in the learning environment. There are two indicators of the inclusiveness of online education: socio-cultural and technical adaptability. The first is related to the willingness of students and teachers to accept people with disabilities as full-fledged subjects of the educational process, and the second determines the compliance of the technical tools of online education with the requirements of inclusivity. The empirical basis is a sociological study conducted by the authors, during which students and teachers of the Southern Federal University were interviewed. Based on the data obtained from the survey, it was found that students and teachers are tolerant of people with disabilities and are ready to cooperate with them on an equal basis. The most serious problem is considered to be the compliance of online education with the technical requirements of inclusivity. It is concluded that the software used for online education does not meet the requirements of inclusivity and should be replaced with an analog intended for educational purposes.

The purpose of the article is to study the current areas of professional development of subjects of learning, educational and administrative processes of the transforming institute of education in the context of the requirements of digital society. Education, based on an institutional approach, is considered as a professional institution. Classical scientific approaches to the sociology of professions are given in the research. A comparative analysis of state educational and professional standards, standard job descriptions, as well as curricula for the training of the professional corps of the Institute of Education made it possible to draw conclusions about the inconsistency of the competencies formulated in them with the request of the employer, society, state and the requirements of the new social reality. The data of the All-Russian study of the competencies and qualifications of teachers, current amendments to the legislation on education that integrate new subjects into its social structure are given and interpreted. The work offers specialist models supplemented with current competencies, demanded by modern realities. Resources and scope of application of online training for formation of actual competencies of specialists of professional institute of education are considered. The project of the online simulator “Electronic Teacher Mentor” is presented.

The relevance of this article is determined by two social processes related to the institutionalization of online education in the higher education system of the Russian Federation. The first is that the total number of students studying in electronic format is steadily increasing. The second one is manifested in the state's desire to use online education as an indicator that evaluates the effectiveness of public administration in the field of educational policy. The author hypothesizes that online education cannot be an indicator of the effectiveness of public administration, since the ill-considered implementation of this form of educational process will inevitably lead to a decrease in the quality of student education and a systemic deterioration in the training of specialists. To substantiate this hypothesis, an empirical study was conducted using the group interview method in student groups. The analysis of the obtained data fully confirmed this hypothesis.

The purpose of the work is to study approaches to some legal categories, such as “virtual-digital rights” in the context of digital transformation of educational activities. One of the most important steps in the legal form of relations with the use of virtual-digital techniques (smart contracts, blockchain and cryptocurrencies) to include virtual-digital rights in the Civil code of the Russian Federation. In the process of teaching in the era of digital transformations in the fields of economy and law, there are problems of adequate perception of new concepts in these fields by students. To achieve the research goals, the authors analyze various views on the issue of determining the legal nature of digital rights, and examine the concept of virtual-digital rights written in the Civil code of the Russian Federation. The authors used the system and structural–functional methods of scientific knowledge, the method of the interpretation of civil law norms, as well as the logical method. The study showed to us that virtual-digital rights are classify as property rights by the law. The legal definition of virtual-digital rights is overloaded and has disadvantages. The authors proposed to present article 141.1 of the Civil code of the Russian Federation, containing the concept of digital law in the amended version. The results of the study can be used in teaching legal disciplines to students studying “Jurisprudence”, “Economics”, “Management” and others.

The article is devoted to the use of manipulative techniques by students for the current and interim attestation in distance learning which is considered as a consequence of “learned helplessness” (M. Seligman) and “double bind” (G. Bateson). The problem of psychological manipulation in the “student–teacher” system is first studied on the basis of the analysis of students’ class activities (written works, spoken replies). Students’ imitation of academic progress is carried out by using in the MOODLE system such techniques as the presentation of plagiarism, collectively tasks performed, copying of tasks done by other students, answers to didactic tests based on random selection, and many others. “Double bind” of students is resulting from the contradictory requirements to high quality and at the same time to a sizeable portion of tasks in a limited period of time. In the situation of “double bind” is also the teacher, who is guided by contradictory attitudes towards the implementation of the criterion (high quality) and statistical approach (comparative analysis without taking into account the criteria of the required quality) in assessing academic work and students’ answers. Based on the analysis of the products of students’ class activities, the frequency of their use of manipulative techniques for imitating educational competencies when passing credits and exams is characterized. Correlations were found between the frequency of students’ use of manipulative techniques and the level of “learned helplessness” felt by them, as well as the intensity of the “double bind” among students. The necessity of dosing the teaching load of students when teaching in a distance learning format and special control of authorship of students’ academic works presented in the electronic educational milieu is emphasized.

The purpose of this work is to theoretically substantiate and empirically prove the need to introduce a digital educational environment into the educational process. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is given, on the basis of which the research sample is built. Taking into account all the interrelated main blocks of activity the general methodology is considered for a higher educational institution. To obtain the empirical base of the study, we introduce samples of respondents who are offered a research methodology in the form of selected questionnaires, the validity of which is empirically proven. Taking into account the purpose of the study all questionnaires are selected to identify the usefulness and necessity of introducing a digital educational environment into the educational process. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, empirical results are processed and a new term “the phenomenon of problematic Internet use” is introduced. Correlation analysis allows you to identify differences between samples and formulate patterns of their dependencies. Based on the conducted research and subsequent analysis, the authors prove the need for a more in-depth study of the introduced phenomenon by developing a multi-factor questionnaire in order to create a complex of psychological and pedagogical support designed to increase the level of efficiency of the educational process in higher education.

The article investigates university students’ perception of the distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors surveyed 211 undergraduate students (ages 18–22) in different years of study at the Schools of Special Education of Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky to find out their level of satisfaction with distance learning. Participants were asked to evaluate various aspects of distance learning related to students’ motivation for taking courses, the subjective difficulty of the courses and their suitability for online mode, and instructors’ professional qualification and readiness for remote teaching. The survey data were used to establish significant statistical differences (Student’s t-test) and correlations (Spearman’s ρ-coefficient) between various parameters influencing students’ perception of the online courses. Based on the correlation analysis of various factors, the authors suggest emphasizing the following aspects while creating and teaching an online course: novelty of the course content, its significance for professional development and career, clear structure and coherent presentation of the course content, carefully crafted sequence of assignments. It is highly recommended to consider creating an out-of-class space (online platform) where the students can communicate with the instructors and each other.

The article discusses differences in the characteristics of communication and motivation for success among young people studying on a distance and face-to-face basis. The adolescent’s personality is formed through interaction with peers and adults, in sociocultural interaction with other people. The educational space of the school allows the adolescent to gain experience in various ways of communicating and implementing the motivations of the self-realization. Distance learning makes it possible to optimize the temporary and emotional aspects of an individual’s personality, but it reduces the real interaction of the adolescent. It has been found that young people who attend school full-time have a normal level of communication and sociability, but tend to escape from failure. Young people who study remotely are more willing to socialize, but are less forthcoming and more closed-minded, cautious in their contacts and more motivated to succeed. It has been shown that the higher the level of distance learning among adolescents, the more motivated they are to achieve success, the greater their motivation to learn, and the higher their educational motivation, the lower their need for communication. In other words, young people who are learning from a distance tend to have more cognitive motives than social motives.

The problem of safe and effective use of modern digital information and communication technologies in the course of training of athletes of an extreme profile is considered. It is shown that rates of information technology development advance rates of development of consciousness of their users in this connection in activity of the person his attention is generally concentrated on digital simulations of reality, but not on her. At the same time in the extreme activity the athlete has to be most concentrated on reality in general—on the inner world and the outside world that is necessary for information support of decision-making in critical and limit situations. It defines a key part of the problem of a research and the task following from it—search of a way of safe application of all types of natural and technical information support of athletes training. The solution of this task by correlation of stages of development of scientific knowledge with stages of development of human consciousness on whom affordable conscious management of the athlete limit opportunities is proposed. Restrictions, ways and methods of use of digital information technologies in practice of extreme profile athletes training are proved. Justification is executed in the context of the main methodology of post-nonclassical science—integral vision and a method of the focusing generalizations and also with application of metasystem and deductive approaches to the solution of scientific problems.

The goal of the empirical research is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of publications on the topic of “communication in education”. The study used content analysis, statistical methods. 198 publications and 231,870 words were analyzed. 3 groups of publications were identified: “communication in education” as activity, as communication, as communication and activity. The largest number of publications belongs to the group “communication in education” as activity, the smallest—“communication in education” as communication, where it is considered as the basis of humanistically oriented education. The number of publications devoted to it has been decreasing over the years, but there is an assimilation of humanistic ideas with national traditions. When approaching “communication in education” as activity, the educator turns out to be the main subject of the educational process, which imposes a special responsibility on him and when this activity becomes more complex, as in the case of distance learning, it leads to stress and overstress of educators. At the same time, the greatest difficulties they face are caused by the inability to fully control the learning process and the violation of traditional status-role positions. When treating “communication in education” as communication, the educator and students share the responsibility for the learning process. It is not of fundamental importance by what means it is mediated. As for “communication in education” as communication and activity, it all depends on how much the teacher is focused on communication and how much on the management of the educational process.

The modern social environment in general, and the educational environment in particular, impose a number of requirements on the personality of the student as a future representative of the professional community. This manifests itself in the need to acquire professional knowledge and skills in the face of constantly changing requirements, plan your activities for a short-term and/or long-term period, as well as multiple behavioral flexibility. This flexibility, in our opinion, can be realized through the formation of emotional intelligence. This article presents the results of a study that involved 200 students from various universities in Rostov-on-Don. Research hypotheses: (1) The features of emotional intelligence and self-acceptance among students of different training profiles (legal and economic) will differ; (2) The features of emotional intelligence and self-acceptance among students of different training profiles (boys and girls) there may be differences. In the course of the empirical study, we used the following methods: (1) Self-attitude questionnaire of V. V. Stolin and S. R. Panteleev (OSO). (2) Hall’s “Emotional Intelligence” test. The results obtained can be used in consulting and correctional work with students. The results of the study can be used in the process of training psychologists (bachelors, masters) in the areas of training 37.00.00 “Psychology”, 38.00.00 “Economics” and 40.00.00 “Jurisprudence”, etc., as well as to create a program of advanced training and retraining of psychologists, economists, lawyers, social workers and teachers working in the field of education.

Digitalization leads not only to an increase in the speed and volume of information processing, but to the transformation of a person and society. Changes in science are described and evaluated in different ways, including using the concept of trading zones (R. Galison). Psychology implements the role of social technologies (I. T. Kasavin). Digitalization increases the importance of the role of interaction mediators. In trading zones, philosophers point to alienation (A. M. Dorozhkin), therefore it is necessary to study possible alienations generated by intermediaries. The goal is to study the change in the mediative role of the education system and psychology as a result of digitalization and to consider the danger of alienation. The study is carried out in line with the program of social epistemology (I. T. Kasavin) and is based on the difference between Galisonian trading zones and Humboldtian trading zones (A. M. Dorozh-kin). Conclusions—(1) as a result of digitalization, knowledge, implying reflection and considerable time to master it, is alienated, (2) education system and psychology as a social technology are implemented most effectively in Galisonian trading zones (TZ), (3) digitalization of education and psychology as a social technology implies, that the most effectively formed trading zones (TZ) are between a society that expects specialists with instrumental knowledge, and the sciences that pro-vide quickly and easily applicable knowledge.

The article presents the results of a study of the relation of tolerance to uncertainty and creativity among senior schoolchildren with a critical style of thinking. The authors use valid diagnostic methods: A. Belousova’s thinking style questionnaire, S. Badner’s uncertainty tolerance questionnaire, and P. Torrance’s test. The sample consists of 90 senior schoolchildren, both boys and girls. As a result of the study, the groups of schoolchildren with a dominant critical and practical style of thinking have been identified. The authors show that there are significant differences in the development of relationships between uncertainty and creativity tolerance scales, between uncertainty tolerance and critical thinking style, creativity and critical thinking style. The differences have been obtained in the development of tolerance for uncertainty, creativity in relation to the practical style of thinking.

This article is devoted to improving the motivation of students to study and, in general, the quality of education in the context of global digitalization. Along with numerous existing methods, the internal component of thinking and perception as an integral part of it plays a significant role. Research has shown that the mathematical logic used in the creation of most algorithms is not identical to the logic of thinking. The combined fuzzy and genetic logic that guides the student only partially includes clear logical structures. Moreover, this inclusion is manifested in different students with different degrees of belonging. If the teacher understands and uses the degree of such inclusion, then students will be able to show results of education that seem to exceed their own capabilities. Examples of the implementation of matrix thinking with students of military accounting, technical and creative specialties, as one of the ways to digitalize knowledge, are given. An example of the implementation of digitalization of training with students of applied programmers is considered on the example of creating software based on the material passed in a related IT discipline.

The text reveals the research directions of development problems of visual thinking and visual literacy of students in the process of mastering the information space through visual activity, conducted directly by the author of this article. An attempt was made to select the pedagogical conditions of the organization of the educational process and the basic competencies of students, allowing the teacher to find effective educational forms and directions of work adequate to the mental age characteristics of children in the process of mastering different types and directions of artistic and creative activity within the framework of polyart education. Their implementation in practice will allow students to get the necessary level of knowledge, ideas and skills, corresponding to the education of a competent and thinking viewer who can read and understand the graphic “text” and visual images created by artists, directors, screenwriters, etc. The author highlights the important components of visual literacy, depending on the age and interests of students; clarifies the concepts of “visual thinking” and “visual literacy” from the perspective of a variety of artistic activities in the learning process; the author defines and formulates competencies aimed at the formation of visual literacy through the development of the visual art alphabet in the context of integrated learning; identifies the pedagogical conditions for the introduction of the presented model into the training system; reveals the dynamics of the visual literacy development based on the development directions of students based on the mental characteristics of the children’s age.

Virtual space leads to the formation of completely new values and meanings, which a person embeds in his personal-semantic sphere by selecting functional (tested in practice) semantic constructs. Recognizing the importance of many modern studies, it should be noted that in them the value-semantic sphere was not a complex object of research, but its individual components were touched upon. Despite the otherness of the Internet in relation to the real environment, the features of the system of values and meanings of the individual, in the context of its functioning in the Internet space, were practically not considered. The purpose of the study: to identify the psychological features of the value-semantic sphere of the personality of Internet users. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, we used: focused interviews with Internet users; a questionnaire by A. I. Luchinkina aimed at identifying the level of Internet activity of the individual; the research questionnaire “Value-semantic sphere of the individual in virtual space” (R. I. Zekeriaev); the questionnaire “Personality in virtual space” (A. I. Luchinkina). As a result of the study, it was found that the value-semantic sphere of the Internet user in the virtual space is represented by specific values-beliefs and values-actions. Internet users with deviant (asocial) behavior in the Internet space are characterized by the following values and beliefs. Also, differences in the ways of implementing values-beliefs were found in this category of users, not only from the standard respondents, but also among themselves.

The article presents various aspects of non-verbal communication in the educational process from the standpoint of a sense-centered approach. In the materials and methods, the authors present the works of Russian and foreign authors in order to determine: the ratio of verbal and non-verbal means of communication; types of non-verbal communication tools used in the educational process. We analyzed the influence of non-verbal communication on the quality of teaching and interaction with students. It was revealed that non-verbal communication has a culturological peculiarity, that’s why the use of the same gesture will have a different semantic meaning for each culture. We determined the functional purpose of non-verbal communication: informational, compensatory, emotional, evaluative. As a result, we identified the types of non-verbal communication, with the help of which it is possible to start the process of meanings transaction or to give a personal-semantic orientation to education. These include: kinesics; vocal; smells, the ambiance, the teacher's external image (associated with the sensory perception of the environment); network inclusions-symbols (smiles, stickers, emoticons). Non-verbal communication is a means of a student's self-expression, his ability to reflect emotions and feelings, to express personal meaning. The authors emphasize the importance of using non-verbal communication to create a motivating, comfortable educational environment. They substantiate the importance of the teacher's complex use of verbal and non-verbal communication to ensure the educational process on a semantic basis.

This research examines the problem of the attitude of students and teachers to the online learning format, to which many universities in the world were forced to switch due to the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in 2020. This research aims to study how teachers and students relate to the online learning format, as well as to analyze aspects of communication and meaning transfer in online and classroom lessons. The object of the study was 104 students of higher educational institutions, as well as 38 teachers of higher educational institutions. Students answered questions from February 14 to March 3, 2021, and teachers from February 16 to March 12, 2021. The responses were collected using Google Forms. To study different aspects of the perception of online learning and aspects of transferring understanding of the content of academic disciplines among students of higher educational institutions, 2 original questionnaires were developed: a questionnaire for students, which included 17 questions, and a questionnaire for teachers, which included 21 questions. The questions concerned the attitude toward the online learning format, aspects of communication, and meaning transfer during class, as well as aspects of transferring the understanding of academic subjects. The results obtained indicate that teachers and students perceive the online learning format in different ways. Teachers have some difficulties in working in an online format, while students do not see significant difficulties in this format in terms of communication and understanding of academic subjects.

The article presents an overview of modern studies of career orientations, personal values, and social adaptation, which showed the appropriateness of studying these phenomena in their interrelations and differences depending on the type of adaptation. The aim of the study is to determine the interrelations of career orientations and personal values with different types of socio-cultural adaptation of international students studying in the UK, London. 29 foreign students aged 18–20 were examined. The research techniques are “The Career Anchors” questionnaire by Schein, the personality adaptation questionnaire to the new socio-cultural environment by Yankovsky, and the diagnostic technique of the axiological orientation of the personality by Kaptsov. Statistical methods of processing empirical data include descriptive statistics by groups, Pearson correlation analysis. Software for processing the results of an empirical study was the SPSS 22.0, for data visualization—Excel 2007, Corel Draw 2018. In general, international students prefer such career orientations as “Lifestyle” and “Pure challenge”, and personal values “Values of profession” and “Values of education”. Career orientations are not associated with adaptive and interactive types of socio-cultural adaptation; there are no interrelations of career orientations and personal values with any type of socio-cultural adaptation. Polyvariability was found in the choice of types of socio-cultural adaptation to a new environment.

The article shows the possibility and practicality of building game simulations of organizational conflicts with due regard for the type of temperament. In this case, information about the types of temperament prevailing in the team is included in the leader training procedures in the process of the simulation game. The adaptable simulation model used in the process of a business game should be functionally expanded by means of elements and connections that ensure the causality of the psychological attitude of the team and the leadership style chosen by the leader. To analyse this causality, a cognitive model of game simulation is suggested that is implemented in the course of further research in the form of a simulation model within AnyLogic simulation software. The problem of studying the influence of temperament types on the emergence and escalation of organizational conflicts is analysed on the basis of characteristics of four types of temperament (sanguineous, melancholic, choleric and phlegmatic types). The article shows the possibility of game training of a leader proceeding from psychological attitudes when choosing a management style.

In this paper, the authors reveal the peculiarities of the ideas of students of pedagogical specializations about the profession in the context of the development of digital technologies. The purpose of the research is to study the peculiarities of the ideas of students of pedagogical specializations about the profession in the context of the development of digital technologies. The paper analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of ideas about the profession of teaching personnel. The specific features of professional pedagogical activity are considered. The possibilities of vocational education in the context of the development of digital technologies are analyzed. The study involved 122 respondents—students of pedagogical specializations of the Southern Federal University. The research methods were psychodiagnostic techniques and methods of mathematical statistics. The data obtained as a result of the study will allow identifying areas in the context of the development of digital technologies, which will determine effective methods of personal self-realization in the context of the profession being acquired, optimize the motivational component, and allow adjusting the programs, content and forms of training for future professionals.

Modern realities of educational activities in most countries are characterized by the expansion of cross-cultural communications, increasing the role of intersubjective interaction and voluntary decision-making by subjects in all spheres of life, including education. In the context of competition in the educational services market, such parameters as brand, image and reputation have become intangible assets of educational organizations that help them simultaneously achieve their goals and optimize their development. In connection with the above, there is no doubt about the relevance of activities to create the image of educational organizations as a phenomenon of interaction with civil society institutions and individual citizens, as well as targeted interaction with the media. In order to conduct an empirical study of technologies for the formation of a positive image of educational organizations in the example of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia, the authors used the method of questioning cadets of 1st, 3rd and 5th courses, the teaching staff and employees of other subdivisions, including employees of press services of educational organizations of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia, concerning their attitude to the image of their educational institution, as well as their personal contribution to its formation.

The phenomenon of professional wellbeing is included in the context of research on psychological wellbeing. The researchers point out the importance of the professional and labor sphere of human activity for ensuring the general state of subjective wellbeing. At the same time, the ability to maintain a state of subjective professional wellbeing is the main condition for the successful work of a teacher. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of the experience of professional wellbeing of teachers working in educational organizations of different levels. The study involved 65 teachers engaged in professional activities in preschool educational institutions and secondary schools (M = 31.3; SD = 1.2; 28% men). Methods were used: the psychological wellbeing of K. Riff in the adaptation of N. N. Lepeshinsky, the professional demand for the personality of E. V. Kharitonova, B. A. Yasko, as well as statistical methods (descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient). The differences between the experience of psychological wellbeing and the professional demand for teachers engaged in professional activities in educational institutions of different levels were established. The interrelationships of psychological well-being and professional demand of the individual in the group of teachers were also found. The prospects for further development of this topic are the expansion of the level of educational institutions, the study of factors that affect the level of psychological wellbeing of teachers and determine the level of professional demand for an individual, the study of the factor structure of professional wellbeing of teachers.

Intergroup interaction differs from interpersonal interaction in a number of specific features. Confrontation and cooperation in inter-group interaction have different rates according to the conditions in which the interaction takes place. This article presents the study results of the features of cooperation and confrontation in intergroup interaction in the framework of the game theory model—the prisoner’s dilemma. With the help of a business game created on the basis of the prisoner’s dilemma, the features of interaction between groups and individuals are studied. On the basis of the method of mathematical statistics of the Fisher’s φ-criterion, the features of intergroup and interpersonal interaction in different conditions were compared. Significant differences were found in the ratio of confrontational and cooperative actions between the subjects of intergroup interaction under different game conditions. The differences between the subjects of inter-group and interpersonal interaction were also established. Conclusions are drawn about the qualitative differences between intergroup and interpersonal interaction.

Changes in society connected with the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced the choice of the format of family psychologists work with clients. Today, we can observe that groups of specialists have formed that demonstrate their willingness to work with the client through ICT technologies, Internet platforms and social networks, and specialists who prefer the face-to-face format of consulting. The study sample consisted of 60 practicing family psychologists aged 23–67 years (the average age in the sample was 36.7 years) with an average experience of consulting work of 2.3 years, using both full-time and remote consulting formats in their work with clients. The following methods were used: a demographic questionnaire that allows us to identify the specifics of the respondents’ attitude to the formats of counseling—face-to-face and distance, the method “Personal semantic differential” by Ch. Osgood in the adaptation of employees of the V. M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute, the 16-factor test by R. Kettell (form C), the method “Test of professional self-attitude” by Karpinsky. Mathematical data processing included standard methods of mathematical statistics and was carried out using the following statistical methods: descriptive statistics; correlation coefficient r-Spearman; nonparametric criterion U-Mann–Whitney and H-Kruskal–Wallace; φ-Fisher. In the course of the study, the individual and personal characteristics of psychologists who prefer the remote format of counseling were established. The prospects of the research are aimed at further studying the factors and predictors of the formation of readiness for the remote format of the work of psychologists.

This article describes the state of the educational system in the field of developing the competencies of state and municipal employees and the features of using electronic educational technologies to improve the professionalism and competence of employees. The objectives of the study include: to define the concepts of “professional competencies”, “professional competencies of a civil servant” and “competence”; to determine the features of training with the use of electronic educational technologies and to justify the effectiveness of it; to determine the degree of introduction of electronic and distance educational technologies in the state and municipal sector; identify and describe opportunities and prospects for further development and research on this topic. The methods used during the research include: the study, processing and analysis of scientific sources on the research problem; the method of content analysis; comparative analysis of data on the implementation of educational programs and projects; methods based on a systematic approach with a description of the effectiveness of solutions used in domestic practice, etc. The results of the study: it is necessary to maximize the introduction of the latest innovative technologies, equipment and new methods of education; the advantage of electronic educational technologies is the ability to attract high-class specialists without taking into account the territorial component; universal introduction of broadband Internet in all government bodies to improve the efficiency of services provided and training of employees; personalization of additional education programs; monitoring the needs of state and municipal employees to develop the necessary competencies for professional activity.

The article examines the managers’ ideas about the subordinate and about themselves as a difficult communication partner. We study the differences in these perceptions among managers with different management styles: directive, collegial, and permissive. The results obtained confirm that the idea of a subordinate as a difficult communication partner among managers with different management styles differs in formal and substantive parameters. It is revealed that managers with directive and permissive management styles do not consider themselves as difficult communication partners for subordinates. At the same time, subordinates, in the views of managers with directive and permissive management styles, are difficult partners. For managers with these management styles, all the studied groups of communication characteristics of subordinates (expressive-speech, social-perceptual, relations-addresses and interaction skills) cause a greater degree of difficulties in communication than for managers with a collegial management style.

The demand for innovation in school and teaching is a reaction to what is perceived as the traditional school. Innovation in teaching mostly depends on the teachers themselves and how much they are ready to change and improve their own work, to be a reflective practitioner. The subject of our research is the role of innovative methods in improving students’ school achievement. Innovative multimedia methods can influence student motivation, and consequently their achievements can be even more pronounced. With this in mind, the following questions were asked in the research: Do teachers use innovative teaching methods; and which innovative methods do they use the most? For what purposes do teachers use a computer in teaching? Do students create PowerPoint presentations and use the Internet to generate content? The research considered the attitudes of teachers regarding the use of educational software in teaching, as well as the role of innovative methods on students’ school achievements. The following variables were considered in the research: how many years the teachers had served (up to 10 years; from 11 to 20 years; and over 20 years of work experience) and the type of school (primary-secondary school). For the purposes of this research, a questionnaire with a Likert-type scale instrument consisting of 31 items was used. The research included 105 teachers of different subjects who attended seminars on Innovative Methods through ICT. The research shows that multimedia has not been fully implemented in primary and secondary schools.

Currently, the Internet has become a new type of everyday reality and a sphere of life. The results of various sociological surveys and psychological studies show that it is the people of adolescent age who are, predominantly, a more lively group of Internet users. We set out to investigate the predictors and determinants of the formation of Internet-addicted behavior. In the study, we used the following methods: CIAS test (“Chen Internet Addiction Scale”—Chen’s Internet Addiction Scale); test of affiliation motives diagnostics (A. Mehrabian); methodology for the study of volitional self-regulation, A. V. Zverkova, E. V. Eydman; Method “Express diagnostics of the level of social isolation of the individual” D. Russell and M. Fergusson.The results of the study allow us to make the following conclusions: we found that students whose indicators on the scales testified that they had a pronounced and stable pattern of Internet-dependent behavior, were determined by a combination of motivational tendencies “low desire for people—low fear of rejection”; it was found that students who have a pronounced and stable pattern of Internet-dependent behavior, the level of social isolation is significantly higher than among students who have a minimal risk of Internet-dependent behavior; it was revealed that students who have a minimal risk of developing Internet-dependent behavior, the level of volitional self-regulation is significantly higher than students who have a pronounced and stable pattern of Internet-dependent behavior.

In recent years, psychological studies have identified many risk factors for destructive behavior in cyberspace (such as Internet addiction, cyber aggression, etc.), including personal and individual typological properties, characteristics of the family, educational environment and others. The factors associated with the broader social environment have been less studied. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that characterize social interaction and determine various types of destructive behavior in cyberspace. The sample included 151 university students aged 18 to 30 years. We tested the influence of social factors on four types of destructive behavior: cyber aggression, cyber victimization, Internet addiction, and risky behavior on the Internet. The measurements were carried out using the author's self-report scales, including from 6 to 9 points. It has been established that the social environment as a whole has a significant impact on destructive behavior in cyberspace. At the same time, many environmental factors have a rather strong influence on several types of behavior: for example, the factor «Unfriendly environment» significantly affects cyber aggression, cyber victimization, and Internet addiction. Besides, some factors are specific to certain types of behavior: for example, the factor «Gossips» has a strong effect only on cyber victimization. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the concretization and systematization of social risk factors for destructive behavior in cyberspace. The practical significance is to substantiate the need to expand the risk factors considered in the development of programs for the prevention of destructive behavior of young people in cyberspace.

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship of students’ informational behavior with coping strategies used to overcome life obstacles and difficulties. The authors indicated the relevance of the study, analyzed theoretical approaches to understanding coping behavior, disclosed studies related to the problem of Internet behavior, virtual communications in the context of coping strategies. The article describes the procedure of empirical research on the study of the relationship of informational behavior of students, presents the results on the study of the degree of expression of normative and risky strategies of informational behavior. It was found that the orientation of students to search the information and use the Internet as a motivating force are the leading strategies of normative informational behavior. It was revealed that the leading strategy of risky informational behavior is the use of the Internet to spy on the life of others. The study of the relationship between coping strategies and models of informational behavior showed that adaptive coping strategies have inverse correlations with the normative strategies of informational behavior (“Internet as a motivating force”, “Internet as a means of self-presentation”). It was found that non-adaptive coping behavior strategies (impulsive actions, manipulative, aggressive, asocial actions) have direct connections with risky strategies of informational behavior. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn and the prospects for further research are determined.

The authors address the currently vital issue of the cyber-risks arising on the grounds of such challenges as ‘COVID-19 phenomenon’, general digitalization of the national and international communities, change in the social and educational trends, etc. The digitalization of education proves to perform as a risk factor for the management of education systems at different levels, and the problems of the e-safety and the digital skills advancement of the children subjected to the Internet need to be solved to fight cyberbulling, cyber-victimization, and cyber-slavery that bases on the hypertrophic gaming and excessively digitalized social net-working. Within the research methodology, the key research methods were the context analysis, the content analysis of the quality Russian and international academic publications and regulatory acts. The social poll covered school students of the 7–11 grades (N = 5682), and the results were processed with SPSS and STATISTICA packages. The most crucial research findings associate with the confirmation of the fact that the absolute majority of the Russian school students are digital natives; Internet and social networks proved to be the key source of information for the schoolers (even those who recognize that some of this information is authentically and potentially faulty); the social motive is also key for the digital devotion; over 30% of the respondents faced with cyberbulling and personal interventions from strangers. The research results are presented with the background idea to facilitate the development of the managerial mechanisms in education that would ease the critical situations rooting in the digitalization risks.

Social success is an ambiguous category that has both external and internal criteria. Despite the difficult comprehension of the criteria and the ambiguity of their interpretation in different cultures and social strata, the desire for success in the form of various behavioral tendencies and manifestations is considered inherent in most people. The research results presented in the article were obtained on samples of different age groups: adolescence, young, adult age periods (from 17 to 45 years). The criteria of social success are considered through the prism of the leading activity of the age and are used as the basis for differentiating the samples into socially successful and unsuccessful respondents. The study is comparative in nature and shows that the cognitive markers of socially successful respondents differ from the mental trajectories of socially unsuccessful respondents. In adolescence, social success is accompanied by clear formulated goals and conscious plans for the future; in young and adult ages, while maintaining awareness of plans, socially successful respondents also have a high level of predictive abilities, expressed in the validity of the thinking process, flexibility of thinking, plasticity of ideas and the prospect of causal relationships. These cognitive characteristics allow a person to build mental processes in such a way that they accompany the person's social success.

Working memory and inhibitory control have the same neural basis—the prefrontal-parietal system. As children grow older, the improvement of their working memory and of inhibitory processes do not occur synchronously. At the same time, there are no reliable ideas about how specifically the processes in the working memory relate to the parameters of inhibitory control at the different stages of ontogenesis. The aim of this work was a comparative analysis of the relationship between inhibitory control and the parameters of the working memory in ontogenesis. To assess the inhibitory control, a computer version of the author's program of complex reflexometry was used. When studying working memory, the mechanisms of retrieval-induced forgetting and retrieval-based learning were assessed. The study involved 257 children: 93 children 5–6 years old; 53 children 7–8 years old, 50 children 10–11 years old; 61 children 12–17 years old. The data obtained indicate that inhibitory control, interference inhibition, and sensorimotor integration are associated with different mechanisms in the brain and have different time parameters of maturation. If the processes of the working memory corresponds with the 5 years old kids to those that are teenagers, then inhibitory control and sensorimotor integration are formed much longer into ontogenesis.

The article is devoted to the study of the association of different genotypes of genes of serotonin receptor 5-HT2A (HTR2A) and dopamine receptor subtype D4 (DRD4) with the peculiarities of the emotional and personal sphere of Russian boys and girls. The work was attended by Russian boys and girls, psychology students, in the amount of 100 people. The study aimed to study the association of different HTR2A and DRD4 gene genotypes with emotional and personal characteristics of Russian boys and girls living in the South of Russia. The following methods were used: Test of emotional intelligence (D.V. Lyusin); Emotional Empathy Questionnaire (A. Mehrabian, N. Epstein); «Big five» test; Toronto Alexithymia Scale. For statistical processing of the results obtained, multivariate analysis of variance ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis for non-equilibrium sample sizes was applied. According to the results of the study, based on the analysis of variance, no data were obtained on the association of different genotypes of the HTR2A and DRD4 genes in terms of the characteristics of the emotional and personal spheres. However, based on the use of Tukey’s a posteriori analysis for non-equilibrium samples, the differences between Russian boys and girls, carriers of different genotypes of the HTR2A and DRD4 genes, are described in terms of the characteristics of the emotional and personal spheres, such as empathy, alexithymia, and personality traits that are included in the Big Five personality traits factors.

The article gives the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of distance learning, reveals its advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of the educational process subjects. The research was carried out at Mari State university with 2–4th year students of intramural and extramural forms of study. In total, 100 students of the psychological and pedagogical direction of training took part in the study. There were noted such problems of distance learning that worried respondents, such as insufficient technological preparation of teachers for the use of distance learning tools, insufficient control of the level of knowledge assimilation and development of skills, incomplete correspondence of distance learning programs to the educational needs of students, and low quality of educational material. From the psychological point of view, students are worried about the situation of uncertainty in the knowledge assessment system, the decrease in contacts with the teacher and fellow students, the unpreparedness of a number of teachers to use digital technologies in the educational process. It was emphasized that distance learning requires the formation of students’ responsibility, dedication, independence, attention, memory, thinking, etc. It is concluded that distance learning is somewhat inferior in its psychological and pedagogical characteristics to blended learning, which is preferred by students. However, a serious analysis of a variety of experimental data on distance learning will increase its effectiveness and minimize negative risks.

The publication studies the relevance and importance of information and communication technologies studying for future speech therapy teachers in the professional activities, as well as the future prospects for this work area development. The article considers and analyzes a study that was conducted in the brands of conversations using Google forms with students of the first (36.7%), second (8.2%) and third (55.1%) courses of study of the State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Republic of Crimea Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University the name of Fevzi Yakubov studying in the specialty Speech Therapy. The topic of the conversation is “The Prospects for Studying Information and Communication Technologies for the Future Speech Therapy Teachers”. A quantitative and qualitative conversation analysis was carried out, on the basis of which the prospects for studying information and communication technologies for the future speech therapy teachers in their professional activities were determined. The study results showed that the future speech therapy teacher majority considers this area of work promising. As well as many students believe that for effective speech therapy activities it is necessary to introduce new innovative information and communication technologies, some students claim that they will take part in the research work in this direction. Accordingly, the conversation analysis showed an increased demand among future speech therapy teachers to the study and use of information and communication technologies in their professional activities, which suggests further research in this direction, and also determines trends in the field of education and speech therapy.

Researchers approach of the concept of empathy the consideration of this concept from the point of view of the cognitive component, behavioral, activity, and affective. The ability to empathize is quite an important addition to the professional activities of many specialists. The authors conducted a detailed theoretical analysis of modern approaches to the description of empathy and identified three main approaches to its understanding. In this study, empathy is understood as the ability to consciously understand the emotional state and inner world of another person, during which the subject of empathy has a need to help the object of empathy, the desire to overcome his negative state. Using the test method “Emotional Response Scale”, developed by A. Mehrabyan and adapted by N. Epstein, the level of empathy expression in students was determined. Based on the criteria of mathematical statistics, the Friedman chi-square and the Mann–Whitney U-test, we determined the leading content of empathy and the leading way of expressing empathy in groups of psychology and law students. This article examines the relationship between the chosen profession, personal characteristics and the content and method, as well as the subject of the expression of empathy. Different levels of expression of empathy towards different population groups were revealed. The results of the study can be used in the practice of improving the education system by relying on individual psychological characteristics, the development of which will contribute to increasing the empathic potential of the individual.

This paper analyzes the role of the developed adaptation discipline “Psychology of personality and professional self-determination” in the formation of inclusive competence in the educational process of a graduate of the Medical Institute. The goal of the discipline Personality of psychology and professional self-determination: mastering of psychological knowledge about the main directions of development psychology, general, individual and age peculiarities of the human psyche, associated with the principles of the organization of processes of training, education, self-education, and personal development needed in future professional activity of the doctor. The results of the study of the discipline: forming an integrated understanding of the mechanisms of functioning human psyche, individual psychological characteristics of personality, social and pedagogical aspects of interpersonal interaction; developing students professionally significant abilities and personal qualities; forming a unit of knowledge students about the inner world and human behavior, teaching students to use this knowledge in professional practice “for the benefit of the patient”; teaching students the techniques and methods of perfecting their own personal and cognitive spheres, the motivation for personal and professional growth; developing skills to work with scientific literature; forming skills to apply the obtained knowledge in clinical practice of the doctor.

The article deals with the problems of educational and methodological activity in higher education institutions in the light of the digital transformation of education, analyzes the principles, technologies and tools that can be effectively applied to improve it and bring it into line with modern requirements of society. The existing challenges are explored: the challenge of big data; the challenge of project work; the challenge of distance and blended learning; the challenge of technological change; call for individualization. To respond to these challenges, based on a comparative analysis of educational and methodological activities at the university with related fields, the requirements for the system of educational and methodological support are formulated, including: automation of the management of educational and methodological documentation, integration of the documentation management system with the LMS, synchronization of online and offline education forms, the use of educational analytics, etc. Possible solutions to the identified problems are considered using the experience gained in the framework of mass online courses, as well as taking into account modern principles and trends in business process management. At the same time, such ideas as: patterns and antipatterns, lightweight (Agile) development methodologies adapted for educational and methodological activities, and management of educational and methodological documentation based on automated systems can be successfully involved.

The migration flows of students are growing every year all over the world, which means that the study of the psychological characteristics of this group of young people, as well as the difficulties they face, is extremely relevant for psychological science. The current situation of a pandemic and forced self-isolation throughout the world led to even more serious psychological consequences for educational migrants, because many of them could not return to their homeland, or come to their place of study, which increased anxiety for their future and career, for the inability to help their loved ones, etc. The conducted empirical research was devoted to the study of the level of psychological well-being, socio-psychological adaptation, as well as indicators of the personal potential of migrant students. The empirical base of the study was made up of 380 people—students of higher educational institutions of Yekaterinburg and Tomsk at the age of 18–22 with different migration experience. The empirical study was carried out using the following psychodiagnostic techniques: Test “Hardiness” (S. Maddi, adapted by D. A. Leontiev, E. I. Rasskazova); “Tolerance to Uncertainty” scale (D. MacClain, adapted by E. G. Lukovitskaya); Self-organization questionnaire by E. Yu. Mandrikova; “Socio-psychological adaptation” (K. Rogers, R. Diamond, adapted by A. K. Osnitsky); Questionnaire “Scale of psychological well-being” (K. Riff, adapted by N. N. Lepeshinsky). All students who took part in our study demonstrate the corresponding normative indicators of various personal potential parameters, of socio-psychological adaptation and psychological well-being, but respondents with different migration experience differ among themselves in the degree of expression of the studied parameters.

The article presents an analysis of the phenomenon of stress and stress resistance in the scientific psychological and pedagogical literature. The problem of stress tolerance in the professional activity of a teacher-psychologist is considered. It is noted that the stress resistance of students in educational activities is a complex property of the individual, which is characterized by the necessary adaptation of the student to the influence of external and internal factors in the course of educational activities. The factors influencing the development of stress tolerance and a positive attitude to learning activities are considered. The article presents the results of an empirical study of stress resistance in future teachers-psychologists at the stage of training in higher education. The features of the perceptual assessment of students’ stress resistance at the final stage of training are shown. It is established that graduates are able to clearly define the goals of their educational and professional activities and choose the best ways to achieve them. They are distinguished by the desire to cope with difficulties independently, the ability to analyze the difficulties encountered and overcome them, unlike first-year students. The study involved students of the 1st and 4th courses of the psychological and pedagogical direction, in the number of 128 people. The following methods were used: self-assessment of the stress resistance of S. Cowhen and G. Willianson, the questionnaire of the perceptual assessment of the type of stress resistance of N. P. Fetiskina, methods of mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data: descriptive statistics, determination of the reliability of differences: the Fisher criterion. It is reliably established that graduates have a moderate type of stress resistance, and 1st-year students at the initial stage of training are characterized by moderate instability to stress.

The study discusses the specifics of digital literacy and digital competence of a big community of teachers in one of the regions of St. Petersburg. It contains the calculations of digital literacy indices and digital competency index of the teachers that were made using the range of diagnostic tools of NAFI research center. It was found that today teachers are most advanced in content and assessment, while digital resource technology and management is the least developed field of pedagogical activity where digital technologies are applied. Two levels of digital transformation are introduced in the teaching and learning process—replacement and improvement, to ensure that the zone of traditional teaching is operative. For teachers to be able to transfer successfully to the zone of pedagogical engineering, programs have to be developed to provide psychological and pedagogical support as they improve their ICT competence.

This paper presents the experience and problems of forming electronic information educational environment in the North-Eastern Federal University, identifies the importance and urgency of developing management systems in a digital format and the impact of territorial, climatic, demographic and national characteristics of the region on the development of distance education. The peculiarities of the organization of electronic information educational environment in conditions of the identity of the requirements of federal state educational standards in educational institutions of higher education were disclosed. It is shown how the organization of work in digital format in conditions of self-isolation during the spread of a new coronavirus infection has shown itself in practice. This study predetermines the need for further theoretical analysis and practical use of academic disciplines implemented in online format, the development of scientific and methodological foundations for the organization of the educational process, the organization of different types of practices in the distance mode. All this requires improving and updating the systems of electronic information educational environment to provide individual educational trajectories, development of digital academic mobility of students to participate in educational courses and programs of leading domestic and foreign universities, creating their own online courses to develop inbound digital mobility.

The article presents the views of employers and students about the demand for interdisciplinary knowledge in technical and technological programs of higher education. The regional survey was attended by 29 experts from among the chief and leading engineers of agricultural enterprises and 47 graduates of engineering programs in 2019 of the Stavropol Territory; 176 people from among students of 2nd–4th courses of faculties of economics, biotechnology. The survey database was processed in SPSS Statistics (version 21) Using the principal component extraction method with Varimax Rotation and Kaiser Normalization, models of engineering education were generated, and we determined the boundaries of the use of an interdisciplinary approach in the training of engineering personnel. An algorithm for mathematical modeling of engineering educational programs is proposed, taking into account the views of stakeholders and an interdisciplinary approach in the formation of graduates’ competencies.

Clay gypsum as a natural material of sedimentary origin is widespread both in Russia and in the states formed in the post-Soviet space. In terms of energy intensity and manufacturability, the processing of raw materials into a clay-gypsum binder does not differ from the conditions of traditional processing of natural gypsum. Compared to lime or cement mortars, mortars based on gypsum binder have greater elasticity and plasticity. Such properties associated with the manufacturability of the application, such as workability and thixotropy, as well as the interval for maintaining the pot life of the mixture, are controlled by the introduction of modifying additives, the evaluation of the formulation of which was the purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in the article. The studies carried out have established that varying the recipe parameters make it possible to regulate both the strength and performance characteristics of mixtures based on gypsum plaster, as well as the manufacturability of their application.

The modern level of technological development involves the use of traditional materials modified with additives of various types and functional purposes, as well as composite materials allowing to obtain a product with improved properties. Expanding the area of application of products based on gypsum for facade systems involves the creation of weather-resistant, and, first of all, waterproof materials based on gypsum polymers. The purpose of the experiment, the results of which are presented in the article, was to assess the possibility of using polycondensation polymers as a component of gypsum polymer, to model the properties of the material and to evaluate its characteristics as a result of climatic and humidity influences. The modeling and optimization of gypsum polymer properties were based on statistical methods as well as methods of mathematical analysis of functions of several variables. The assessment of the water resistance of gypsum polymer samples was carried out under test conditions in an open reservoir with an almost unlimited reaction capacity of the medium. The weather resistance was checked according to the results of tests in a climatic chamber. Experiments have shown that the strength of samples with 20% modified melamine-formaldehyde resin in compression and in bending for 80 days of storage in air increases by 30% and 25%, respectively. The compressive strength is 60 MPa, and the flexural strength is 12 MPa. Gypsum polymer has high frost resistance up to 150 cycles of alternate freezing and thawing. The result of the research was the confirmation of the possibility of using polycondensation resins and the foundations of the method for selecting the composition of the gypsum polymer were developed. The results obtained can be used in the development of the technology of gypsum polymer products, and, in particular, piece products (building cladding tiles).

Construction on problem soils or in permafrost conditions involves using of pile foundations with a ventilated space under the floor structure. In this case, additional thermal insulation is required under the first-floor structure (above the ventilated space). This problem is compounded by construction in cold regions. The goal of research was to develop insulation systems for buildings on pile foundations for different climatic zones, including conditions of the arctic region and other regions with a predominance of ever-frozen ground. With the help of the THERM computer program, the conditions of bidimensional heat interchange in the enclosing structures of a building with pile foundation were simulated. The construction of such buildings is practiced on problem soils. The resulting models were analyzed in terms of the thermophysical characteristics of the structures. As a result, the optimal version of the insulation system was chosen, effective both in the climatic conditions of the midland and in the especially cold conditions of Yakutia and Trans-Polar region (The Subarctic). This system included insulation with mineral wool slabs along the facade walls, with extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams along the basement part and the floor structure, and with roll polyethylene (PE) foams (with the formation of a seamless insulation shell) along the ventilated space under the floor structure and above, on top of insulation boards.

This paper raises the issue of the lack of regulatory documentation in the field of approval of the project of engineering networks at the stage of “working design”, which leads to repeated appeals to the balance-holding organizations due to the absence of specific requirements in preparing a project for submission to the investigated authority, which, as a rule, leads to an increase in the terms of providing the agreed documentation to the technical customer, which are also not regulated. The purpose of the study is to determine the average time indicators for the approval of the developed project in the organization responsible for the provision of services in the field of electricity distribution and technological connection to power grids, as well as the degree of their mutual influence. The study is based on a static method, in which the actual terms for the development and removal of comments of the developed project of already existing residential objects, which are typical in terms of space-planning and structural solutions, are taken as the factors under consideration. The static method of correlation and regression analysis makes it possible to find out whether there is a relationship between the accepted factors based on the determined correlation coefficients. The obtained averaged time indicators, as well as the degree of their mutual influence, will allow design organizations to predict the time frame required to obtain approval from the organization responsible for connecting consumers to the electric grids in order to competently distribute labor resources and avoid violation of the terms approved in the contract for the implementation of design work.

The paper discusses a model of an automated system for sorting correspondence, developed in the VisSim environment. A simulation model of information coding has been developed. The possibility of optimizing the operation of similar lines is shown. A generalized algorithm for managing the sorting and accumulation of correspondence has been developed.

Rolling bearings are used as support units in almost all modern transport and technological machines. Bearing units largely determine the durability of the machine as a whole. The main cause of bearing failure is wear of bearing parts due to slippage. The quantity of slip is needed to calculate the friction path in predicting wear. The paper deals with the problem of experimental determination of the slip value and predicting wear in rolling bearings of machines. A general methodology for solving the problem is proposed. The design of an experimental setup for determining slip is proposed. Experimental studies of the effect of load, speed and lubrication in rolling bearings have been carried out. For the calculated prediction of the wear of the raceway, the wear-contact problem is solved when the ball and the plane interact. The wear model is shown in dimensionless form. For the numerical determination of the parameters of the law of wear, a modified calculation and experimental technique is proposed. The proposed approaches make it possible to effectively predict the durability of rolling bearings based on the wear criterion for technological and transport machines.

Clarification of methods for calculating strength of portal cranes metal structures, development of new methods and methodologies are important scientific and technical tasks which solutions will improve safety of crane operation in general. Purpose of this paper is modeling of loading of metal structures of ‘Sokol’ portal cranes during their operation using finite element method (FEM) and analysis of actual stress–strain state of their elements. Object of research is regularity of stress distribution in the metal structures elements. The paper proposes methodology for modeling and analysis of stress–strain state of metal structures of ‘Sokol’ portal crane, which is based on classical methods of permissible stress strength calculations, method of computer mathematical modeling, FEM and topological optimization. Loading scheme and solid-deformable model were developed, acting forces were determined, and the calculation was performed by FEM in CAD/CAM/CAE system. Results of calculations and analysis are presented. Obtained regularity of stress distribution in the elements of metal structures clearly showed that stress is distributed unevenly; the stress–strain state of metal structure elements is rather complicated and requires additional research.

Thermal cycling treatment is the most effective treatment for increasing the reliability and durability of metal structures. In this work, an assessment of the effect of the structure of a metal with a different degree of dispersion, obtained during thermal cycling after a different number of processing cycles, on the mechanical properties of steels 08ps, St3 and 10KhSND was made. Additionally, the influence of the degree of cold plastic deformation on the change in the stray magnetic field strength Hp in low-carbon and low-alloy steels is considered. As a result, methods have been developed for assessing the effect of thermal cycling modes on the mechanical properties of structural steels, as well as the effect of acting stresses during cold plastic deformation of steels 08ps, St3 and 10KhSND on the stray magnetic field strength. Graphical dependencies of values are obtained. On the basis of the research results, the relationship between the structure, magnetic and mechanical parameters was revealed, which allows a reliable assessment of the structural state of the metal and the acting stresses in welded joints and elements of welded metal structures using other methods of passive fluxgate control method. The study is devoted to identifying which zones and places of the welded joint are the most dangerous, and which of them must be controlled first.

An approach to assessing the quality of services is considered, which will improve and timely identify shortcomings, factors of loss of competitiveness and quickly respond to them. To solve this problem, a gap model was considered with the addition of a quality tool—the Deming cycle (PDCA cycle) for more dangerous discrepancies (gap). At the initial stage, during the analysis, it was decided that the most dangerous discrepancies in the model are found at gaps three and four. At the second stage, a Deming cycle was imposed on the selected gaps in order to reduce them and, as a result, improve the service under study and increase the quality. A significant advantage of this model is the continuity of the Deming cycle and its ability to continually improve the selected service if the desired result is not achieved immediately. Interpretation of the obtained result means that the developed model reduces the mismatch between consumer expectations and service perception.

The article discusses the construction of a model of information support for the process of the quality management system, and its integration into a single information space, which separates all stages of the product life cycle. Also, the article presents an algorithm for determining vector estimates that should be presented to the information and analytical center, in order to ensure the division of the set of alternatives into classes of solutions for a relatively small number of calls. The application of this algorithm will allow to effectively solve the problems of improving the QMS, by means of automatic classification of the decisions made in order to minimize the risk of not achieving the planned quality indicators at one or another level or stage of the product life cycle.

The article discusses the application of the mechanism for selecting alternatives from the semantic network of conditional statements when managing product quality parameters at the stages of the life cycle. This will make it possible to implement the timely improvement of quality management processes for aviation products based on the use of information technology to support the product life cycle in real time.

An algorithm for scheduling construction and installation works by the OBS method, taking into account the schedule of movement of teams between objects, is considered, characterized by the ability to efficiently calculate the values of minimizing the time of work by the parameters of organizational and technological reliability through the use of the branch and bound method.

Chromium in silicon has an increased reactivity: no metallic chromium phases are found on the surface of the doped crystal, but monosilicides, disilicides, and higher chromium silicides are formed in the case of diffusion alloying of silicon from the gas phase. The amorphous phase was observed in a near-surface layer with a thickness of 3 nm–10 μm. At a depth of 10–30 μm, chromium mono and disilicides were mainly observed. No silicide inclusions were found at depths greater than 30 µm. An analysis of the results obtained shows that during the formation of silicides, silicides with rich chromium atoms are first formed, and then chromium monosilicides, in the case of diffusion alloying of silicon from the gas phase. And in the case of silicon sprayed with chromium, silicide of chromium enriched in the latter is formed at the interface between silicon and chromium, after thermal annealing. The spectrum contains oxygen lines during thermal annealing, which is a Cr2O3 compound. Analysis of the results showed that the surface of the deposited chromium in the course of thermal annealing is covered with a thin layer of Cr2O3, which plays the role of a diffusion barrier for oxygen from the annealing atmosphere. The theory of nucleation and electron microscopic observations make it possible to distinguish the sequence of the following stages of film growth: Formation of nuclei and island structure, coalescence of silicide islands, formation of channels, formation of a continuous film.

The article describes the need for the development of international ways, the renewal of transport routes and the improvement of the transport infrastructure of Uzbekistan. The introduction of modern energy-saving and resource-saving technologies at the enterprises of Uzbekistan will ensure the economical usage of raw materials, materials and energy resources in the construction of rolling stock units. To increase the efficiency rolling stock usage, it is necessary to make changes in their design or, to use more advanced steel grades in their construction. The gondola car was chosen as the object of research. By mastering the introduction of high-strength steels of grades 16G2AF and 18G2AFps, it will be possible to create cars that will have a lighter tare weight and increased carrying capacity. In the course of the study, the technology of digital prototyping was used in the environment of modern engineering programs in two stages. Numerical experiments were carried out to optimize the thicknesses of the gondola car body bearing parts and the gondola car with an optimized design was tested for strength. In further calculations, the safety margin of the most loaded parts with the largest flow of failures in operation was increased. In the article, on the basis of the research carried out, specific technical proposals have been developed for the use of high-strength steels in the construction of gondolas developed and manufactured by the Subsidiary “Casting and Mechanical Plant”.

Considered asymmetric modes caused by the high-speed electric vehicles symmetrical components circuit direct, inverse and zero sequence, mathematical models of the network elements relative to the phase variables, pocenie mathematical models will provide calculations in different productions of design problems and identification of active power losses in conditions of asymmetric modes of rail transport.