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2020 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Wave Energy Resource Evaluation

Authors: Dr. Chongwei Zheng, Dr. Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Book Series : Springer Oceanography

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book focuses on the evaluation of wave energy in the Maritime Silk Road. Firstly, it compares wave energy and other main energy sources, and then discusses the various disadvantages. It also presents the current research and the difficulties of wave energy evaluation, and systematically analyzes the climatic characteristics of the wave energy, including the temporal–spatial distribution and climatic trend of a series of key factors (e.g. wave power density, availability, richness, stability, energy direction, energy storage). It then describes the design of a short-term forecasting scheme and a long-term projection scheme of wave energy suitable for the Maritime Silk Road, to serve as a plan for the daily operation and long-term development of wave energy. Further, it highlights the wave energy analysis and decision-making in the context of the remote islands and reefs, using Sri Lanka is taken as a case study. Lastly, it presents the first wave energy resource dataset for the Maritime Silk Road.

This book is one of a series of publications on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as “Maritime Silk Road”) that covers the characteristics of the marine environment and marine new energy, remote islands and reef construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, and so improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment and improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, as well as to protect the rights, and interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road.

This book is a valuable reference resource for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The Maritime Silk Road initiative will bring important opportunities to the common prosperity of human society. However, challenges often coexist with opportunities. The overall electricity supply capacity in countries (regions) along the line is weak, seriously restricting the efficient constructions of the Maritime Silk Road. Mere 40% of population has access to electricity in rural Bangladesh, 80 and 40% in urban and rural district of Sri Lanka respectively. In today’s world where conventional energy sources are increasingly scarce, many countries generally advocate the application of clean energy to cope with climate change and alleviate the energy crisis. In this chapter, the importance of wave energy in the marine construction was discussed, including the contribution of wave energy to the development of countries and regions along the Maritime Silk Road, improving the living quality of people along the line, alleviating the resource crisis, protecting the fragile marine ecosystems, overcoming the power and freshwater predicament of maritime key points, promoting people’s livelihood improvement and guiding participation, saving land resources and strong anti-destructive ability etc. In addition, the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages among the current main energy sources was also carried out to exhibit the application prospect of wave energy.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 2. Research Progress of Wave Energy Evaluation
Abstract
The rational development of wave energy will make a positive contribution to ease the resource crisis, protect the marine environment, improve the living quality of residents, develop tourism of the deep sea, etc. Detailed survey of resources is an important foundation in order and efficient development and utilization of wave energy. Looking for advantageous areas with abundant resources, high utilization rate, good stability and low frequency of severe weather can achieve very efficient results. This chapter analyzes the research progress of wave energy resource assessment at home and abroad, especially focuses on the current wave energy assessment along the Maritime Silk Road, hoping to find the method to improve the exploitation and conversion efficiency for wave energy. According to data sources, the wave energy assessment can be divided into the following stages: (1) observation stage: wave energy resource assessment based on limited observation data; (2) satellite-based stage: satellite-based wave data are applied to the wave energy resource assessment; (3) numerical simulation stage: the method of numerical wave simulation is used in wave energy resource evaluation; (4) reanalysis data stage: the reanalysis data are applied to wave energy resource assessment. At last, the organization of this book was introduced.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 3. Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Wave Energy in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
Previous researchers have made great contribution to the analysis of the wave energy climatic characteristics of many sea areas globally. But there are a few researches about the Maritime Silk Road. In the systematic aspect of the study of wave energy climatic characteristics, the elements of analysis are still not comprehensive enough. Besides considering traditional wave power density (WPD), energy stability, energy storage, it is necessary to take full consideration of the available rate, energy richness, energy direction, and the contribution of different sea states to wave energy, which are also closely related to the development of the wave energy. Scarce materials, large reserves and huge amount calculations and the high technical requirements have greatly increased the difficulty of systematic research on wave energy. For the first time, this chapter presented the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of a series of key parameters of wave energy of the Maritime Silk Road by utilizing ERA-interim wave data from the ECMWF, to provide technical support (site selection, daily operation, etc.) for the development of resource such as wave power generation and seawater desalination.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 4. Climatic Trend of Wave Energy in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
Lots of research on the long-term trends of meteorological and oceanic factors has been conducted. However, the research on the climatic trend of wave energy is extremely scarce, which is closely related to the medium- and long-term planning of resource development and predictive ability of wave energy. And the traditional analysis on long-term trends of resources was mainly concerned with the trend of WPD. In the actual wave energy development, energy stability (Cv, Mv, Sv) can affect acquisition and conversion efficiency, as well as equipment life. The EWHO reflects the available rate of wave energy, and the energy level frequencies (ALO, MLO, RLO) reflects the energy enrichment. This chapter analyzed the climatic trends of a series of key parameters of wave energy along the Maritime Silk Road for the first time at home and abroad, comprehensively including the trends of WPD, Cv, Mv, Sv, EWHO, ALO, MLO, RLO, etc. The analysis content of climatic trend includes the overall trend, seasonal difference and regional difference of the trend, dominant season and region of the trend, to lay a theoretical foundation for improving the medium- and long-term planning ability of wave energy development and predictive ability of wave energy.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 5. Short-Term Forecast of Wave Energy in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
Previous researchers have made a lot of accumulation and contribution to the analysis of short-term forecast of oceanic and meteorological parameters and wind energy resource. However, researches on short-term forecasts of wave energy resources are extremely scarce, which is an urgent need in the business operation of wave energy engineering. In this chapter, based on the current international advanced wave model WW3, by comparing different boundary conditions, a short-term forecast scheme of wave energy that can fully consider the influence of swells generated from other oceans and is suitable for the Maritime Silk Road was proposed, which can provide scientific evidence for the business operation of wave energy development. The forecast parameters in this chapter are more abundant than the existing forecast scheme. It systematically covers the hourly significant wave height, wave period, WPD field, weekly availability, weekly richness, weekly energy storage, energy direction characteristics, sea state contribution to the wave energy, and wave energy forecast of key nodes, etc.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 6. Long-Term Projection of Wave Energy in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
Current research on long-term predictions of meteorological and oceanic elements is abundant, but research on long-term prediction of wave energy is scarce, which is urgently needed in the long-term planning of resource development. The long-term projection of wave energy can be usually achieved by the following three methods: (1) Analyzing the relationship among wave energy, MJO (Madden-Julian Ocillation), nino3 and other important factors, combined with the long-term trend characteristics of wave energy, to achieve medium- and long-term prediction of wave energy; (2) with wave model driven by CMIP (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) data, to project the future wave energy; (3) using methods of Hilbert Huang, artificial neural network (ANN), etc., combined with long-term sequence wave energy data to make long-term projection of wave energy. This chapter proposed a long-term projection scheme of wave energy, with the CMIP5 data to drive the current international advanced numerical wave model WW3, to simulate the global wave field from 2020 to 2059, and then project and analyze the wave energy of the Maritime Silk Road for the future 40 years. The projection parameters include the WPD, available rate, energy richness, stability, and monthly variation, to provide scientific evidence for long-term planning of resource development.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 7. Wave Energy Assessment and Proposal in the Sri Lankan Waters
Abstract
The maritime key points are important support for marching into the deep blue. They are usually based on the remote islands and reefs, and the power dilemma has always been a worldwide difficulty. Carrying out the wave power generation will help the islands and reefs to achieve electricity self-sufficiency. Evaluation always goes first, followed by resource development. Previous researchers have made great contributions to the study of wave energy in various sea areas around the world. But so far, the wave energy research on the maritime key points of the North Indian Ocean is almost blank. This chapter uses the ERA-interim wave data from the ECMWF to conduct a systematic analysis of the wave energy resources in the Sri Lankan waters (an important node of the Maritime Silk Road), comprehensively including the monthly WPD, monthly available rate, monthly energy level frequency, energy direction and sea state contribution in representative months, monthly energy stability, monthly exploitable storage and long-term trend of wave energy, to provide scientific and technological support and proposal for marching into the deep blue.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 8. Dataset Construction of Wave Energy Resources in the Maritime Silk Road
Abstract
The application and sharing of scientific data has become an important indicator of the national science and technology level. With the rapid development of observation methods and numerical models, ocean data has also exploded, and “big data” has entered people’s sight. How to extract useful information of energy assessments from large ocean data with low information density, and establish the marine energy dataset is the key to rational and efficient development of wave energy. At present, the global marine energy dataset is rare, and the dataset of wave energy of the Maritime Silk Road is still in blank. Based on the previous research results, this chapter propose to build the wave energy resource dataset of Maritime Silk Road, which is close to actual demand, convenient to query and perfect in theoretical system. The data is also the first wave energy resource dataset of Maritime Silk Road at home and abroad. In the future, the program can be widely used in the construction of marine new energy datasets of offshore wind energy and ocean current energy, to provide data support for researchers and engineers actively participating in the marine new energy development of the Maritime Silk Road.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Chapter 9. Prospects of Wave Energy Evaluation
Abstract
Through the work of this book, a series of core challenges in wave energy assessment of Maritime Silk Road have been solved, such as the climate background characteristics of the wave energy resources (spatial-temporal distribution of a series of key parameters of wave energy), the historical trend of each key parameters, the short-term forecast of wave energy, the long-term projection of wave energy, wave energy assessment and proposals for maritime key points, etc. Planning to build a wave energy resource dataset of the Maritime Silk Road, and the results can provide a scientific basis for the site selection, daily operation, and long-term planning of wave power generation, seawater desalination and other wave energy projects. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen study on the following aspects: wave energy classification, propagation characteristics of swell energy and swell monitoring and warning, risk assessment of marine environment, the construction of a comprehensive application platform for wave energy resources, to improve the support capability for wave energy development.
Chongwei Zheng, Jianjun Xu, Chao Zhan, Qing Wang
Metadata
Title
21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Wave Energy Resource Evaluation
Authors
Dr. Chongwei Zheng
Dr. Jianjun Xu
Chao Zhan
Qing Wang
Copyright Year
2020
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-15-0917-9
Print ISBN
978-981-15-0916-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0917-9