1. Introduction

The Maritime Silk Road initiative will bring important opportunities to the common prosperity of human society. However, challenges often coexist with opportunities. The overall electricity supply capacity in countries (regions) along the line is weak, seriously restricting the efficient constructions of the Maritime Silk Road. Mere 40% of population has access to electricity in rural Bangladesh, 80 and 40% in urban and rural district of Sri Lanka respectively. In today’s world where conventional energy sources are increasingly scarce, many countries generally advocate the application of clean energy to cope with climate change and alleviate the energy crisis. In this chapter, the importance of wave energy in the marine construction was discussed, including the contribution of wave energy to the development of countries and regions along the Maritime Silk Road, improving the living quality of people along the line, alleviating the resource crisis, protecting the fragile marine ecosystems, overcoming the power and freshwater predicament of maritime key points, promoting people’s livelihood improvement and guiding participation, saving land resources and strong anti-destructive ability etc. In addition, the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages among the current main energy sources was also carried out to exhibit the application prospect of wave energy.